高中英语必修四-Unit2课文详解Book4-unit2.doc

4必修四 Unit 2 杨磊译注必修四 Unit 2 Working the Land耕耘I Vocabularystatistic n.(pl. statisitcs)统计 统计数字；统计资料sunburnt adj.晒黑的struggle vt. & vil斗争；拼搏；努力decade n.十年；十年期super adj.特级的；超级的hybrid adj.混合的；杂种的output n.产量；输出strain n.(植物的)品种；种类hunger n.饥饿；欲望disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的expand vt. & vi.使变大；伸展circulate vt. & vi.循环；流传Vietnam n.越南Thanks to幸亏；由于；因为Soybean n大豆skim vt.浏览；略读battle n.战役；战斗；较量；斗争ridof摆脱；除去be satisfied with对感到满意would rather宁愿；宁可therefore adv.因此；所以；因而equip vt. & vi.配备；装备sorghum n.高粱grain n.谷物；粮食；颗粒peanut n.花生export vt. & vi.输出；出口nationality n.国籍occupation n.工作；职业；占领personality n.性格；个性；人格confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难chemical adj.化学的；关于化学的underline vt.划地线标出；强调summary n.总结；摘要；概要organic adj.有机的；器官的；组织的fertile adj.肥沃的；富饶的production n.生产；制造bacteria n.(pl. becterium)细菌pest n.害虫；害兽；害鸟build up逐渐增强；建立；开发lead to导致；造成（后果）nutrition n.营养；滋养；食物mineral n.矿物；矿石discovery n.发现；发觉focus n.焦点；中心点vt.集中；聚焦reduce vt.减少；减缩keep free from of使免受（影响、伤害）；使不含（有害物质）comment n.评论；议论 vi。& vt。IIReading A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE所有人的开拓者Although he is one of Chinas most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research.尽管袁隆平是一位中国最著名的科学家，但他却认为自己是一位农民，因为为了研究他要耕耘。【注释：for引导的分句通常对前一个分句所说的话加以解释，提供判断的理由，但这个理由并非是真正的内在的原因。如：The day breaks, for the birds are singing.天亮了，因为鸟在歌唱。 试题： Its dark now, _ the street lights are on. A. because B. as C. since D. for 】 Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.的确，他那黑黝黝的脸庞和胳膊以及他那瘦小而强壮的身躯正像千千万万个中国农民一样，就是为他们，他已经奋斗了五十年。【注释：be like象：以的典型方式 eg. Its not like you to take offense.你不象会发脾气的人. struggle for为而斗争；struggle to do sth.艰难地做某事，挣扎做某事；struggle against与作斗争；struggle with和作斗争；struggle to ones knees挣扎着跪下；struggle to ones feet挣扎着站起来；struggle through the snowstorm冒着暴风雪前进；struggle on挣扎着；坚持下去； eg. 1) He struggled for the national independence.他为民族的独立而奋斗。 2) A strong man will struggle with/against the storm of fate.强者乐于搏击命运的暴风雨。 3) He has been struggling against illness for many years.他同疾病搏斗了许多年。 4) She is struggling to bring up a family on a very low income.她靠着非常微薄的收入艰难地供养一家人。 考题：（07浙）The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard】 Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybridrice.袁隆平博士种植所谓的超级杂交水稻。【注释：what is called = so-called所谓的。】 In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.1974年他成为世界首位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。【注释：to grow rice作定语，修饰限制前面的名词pioneer。动词不定式作定语判断依据：(1) 动词不定式与前面的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系，如： I have a lot of homework to do.句中的to do与homework的逻辑关系为动宾关系； (2) 动词不定式与前面的名词有修饰限制关系，如： I have no time to rest.句中在to rest与名词time之间没有动宾关系，但却有修饰限制关系。(3) 动词不定式修饰序数词或修饰由序数词修饰的名词，如：He was the first student to come here this morning. 考题：1. (09重-29) With the world changing fast, we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day. A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing2. (09鲁-22) We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding3. (09皖-28) The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced4. (06皖-35) Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _. A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed5. (08申-33) If theres a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing6. (96申-19) When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _. A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to】 This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.这种特殊品系的水稻使得在相同田里的产量增加三分之一成为可能。 Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.现在中国每年生产60%以上的水稻就是来自这种杂交水稻。【注释：produced in China each year是过去分词短语作定语，修饰限制名词rice，且与rice的逻辑关系为被动关系。 考题：1. (09全I-35) Now that weve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions _? A. take B. taking C. taken D. to take2. (09京-24) For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow3. (09申-33) With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected】Born into a poor farmers family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.袁博士于1930年出生于一个贫穷的农民家庭，1953年毕业于西南农业大学。 Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.从那以后，想方设法使使水稻高产成为他毕生的目标。【注释：finding ways to grow more rice是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数式形式。考题：动名词作主语：在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。 It is/ was no use/good/ need + doing sth. It is/ was of little use/ good/ need + doing sth. It is/ was useless + doing sth. 1. (92-40) _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk2. (97申-13) What do you think made Mary so upset? _ her new bicycle.A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing3. (95申-23) Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life.A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying4. (08京-35) It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and _ better ones of your own.A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducing D. introduced 】 As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.作为一个年轻人，他知道急需要增加水稻产量。 At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.当时，乡下许多地方饥饿成为一个烦恼的问题。 Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.袁博士寻找一种不用扩大种植面积就能增加水稻产量的方法。【注释：search for搜查，搜索，寻找，探究；search +处所 for +搜查目标 eg. 1) Were searching our conscience for the right solution to the problem.我们在深刻反省以求探究该问题的正确解决办法。 2) The PLA are searching the mountains for the enemy.解放军正在山上搜索敌人。】 In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice.1950年，中国农民生产的只有五千万吨水稻。 In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced.然而，在最近的一次收获中几乎达到两亿吨。 These increased harvests mean that 22% of the worlds people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China.这种增产就意味着22%的世界人口要靠中国7%的耕地喂养。 Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests.袁博士现在将他的知识传播到印度、越南及许多其他欠发达国家以增加他们的水稻产量。【注释：circulate (1)散布，传播：在人们或地区之间广泛传播；散布 eg. Gossip tends to circulate quickly.流言传播迅速. (2) 循环：进入或沿环路流动 eg. blood circulating through the body.血液在身体内循环】 Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.幸亏他的研究，在根除世界饥饿的战斗中，联合国有了更多的手段。【注释：thanks to; on account of; because of: owing to (后多跟褒义概念); due to(后多跟贬义概念)由于；因为 eg. 1) Thanks to your timely help, I managed to finish the work on time.多亏了你及时帮助，我按时完成了工作。 2) The accident was due to his careless driving.事故是由于他的粗心驾驶造成的。 3) Owing to your timely help, we finished the work ahead of time. 4) As a result of the bad weather, the football match was put off.】 Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.利用他的杂交水稻，农民们现在的产量是以前的两倍。【注释：twice as large as before是以前的两倍。倍数表达：A + 倍数/分数/百分数 +as +形容词/副词原级 + as + B. eg. This house is twice as large as that one.A + 倍数/分数/百分数 + 比较级 + than + B. eg. This house is twice larger than that one.A + 倍数/分数/百分数 + the size/ length/ width/weight/ height of + B. eg. This house is twice the size of that one.】Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life.袁博士对他的生活很满意。【注释：be satisfied with; be happy with; be content(ed) with对满意； be satisfied /content to do 对做感到满意；(much) to ones satisfaction使某人满意的是； satisfy ones needs满足某人需求 eg. 1) I was not satisfied with the result. 2) He was satisfied to win the match. 3) Much to my satisfaction, my boss agreed to my suggestion. 】 However, he doesnt care about being famous.然而，他对出名并不在意。【注释：care about 担心 eg. I dont care about whether he will come or not. care for(1)喜欢 eg. I dont care for tea.我不喜欢喝茶。 (2)照顾；照料；抚养 eg. Hes good at caring for sick animals.他精心照料生病的牲畜。】 He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research.他认为那会让他丧失做研究的自由。 He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.他宁愿把他的时间留给他的业余爱好上。【注释：would rather宁愿、宁可，没有人称和数的变化，所有人称一律用would rather。 would rather do 宁愿做 would rather do than do 宁愿(而)不愿 would rather than do 与其倒不如 would rather + 从句 过去时，表示现在或将来（虚拟）即sb. did sth 过去完成时，表示过去（虚拟）即 sb. had done sth. 如：Id rather you hadnt told him the news that day. would rather have done本来想而未实现 I would rather you didnt.表示委婉拒绝别人的请求。 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿也不 考题：1) I would rather _ the football match last night with my friends. Otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by now. A. not have watched B. not watch C. hadnt watched D. havent watched2) Would you rather _ there tomorrow? No. Id rather he _ there instead of me.A. to go; will go B. go; went C. go; will go D. going; shall go 】 He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.他喜欢听小提琴音乐、还喜欢打麻将、游泳和读书。 Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.把钱花在自己身上或过着舒适的生活，对他来说没有什么意义。 Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles.的确，他认为一个人有太多的钱会有太多的麻烦。【注释：more rather than fewer相当于too many,】He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.因此，他拿出数百万元用来装备其他人以便他们进行农业研究。Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.然而，只是梦想不用付出任何代价。 Long ago Dr Yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum.很久以前，袁博士做了一个梦：梦见水稻长得和高粱一样高， Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut.每一个稻穗跟玉米棒一样大，每一粒稻谷跟花生一样大。 Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.袁博士从梦中醒来，希望培育出一种能够养活更多人的水稻，【注释：with the hope of 带着的梦想 eg. Tom left his hometown for Wen Zhou with the hope of making his fortune.】 Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream:多年以后，现在，袁博士又有了一个梦想： to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe. 将他的水稻出口，以便能在全球种植。One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.尤其是对一个热爱人民、关心人民的人来说，一个梦想总是不够的。重点句型：1This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one third more of the crop in the same fields.【精提取】make it.to do使做(某事)成为，it是形式宾语，possible是宾语补足语，to do是真正的宾语。【巧应用】他无论在哪里，都把每天跑步一小时当做规定去执行。Wherever he is，he_ _ _ _ _do running for an hour every day.答案：makes it a rule to2Although he is one of Chinas most famous scientists，Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer，for he works the land to do his research.【精提取】for引导的分句通常对前一个分句所说的话加以解释，提供判断的理由。【巧应用】天亮了，因为鸟在歌唱。The day breaks，_ _ _ _ _. 答案：for the birds are singing3He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.【精提取】would rather (not) do sth.宁愿(不)做；更喜欢(不)做。【巧应用】今晚你最好呆在家里看点书。You _ _ _ _ _ and do some reading this evening.答案：would rather stay at home4In addition，fruit，vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition.【精提取】in addition意思是“而且，还有”，相当于besides，用作状语。【巧应用】我不想去了，再说我也很累。I dont want to go，_ _，_ _ _ _. 答案：in addition；I am too tired