中央空调安装调试难点分析及处理措施中英文对照...doc

中央空调安装调试难点分析及处理措施中英文对照Analysis and treatment measures of difficult installation of central airconditioning engineering随着经济建设的不断发展和人们生活水平的不断提高，中央空调系统已经成为大型建筑和办公环境不可缺少的重要设施。中央空调的效果如何？能否满足所需？除设计和施工外,关键的一环，在于安装调试工作的质量,它将直接影响空气调节的使用效果。本文就中央空调工程安装调试过程中的难点进行分析，并根据问题原因提出一些处理措施,以便进一步提高中央空调工程安装调试质量,发挥中央空调应有的效能。With the development of economy and the improvement of peoples living standard， the central airconditioning system has become an indispensable important facilities of large buildings and office environment。 How the central air conditioning effect? To meet the need？ In addition to the design and construction， key ring, lies in the installation and debugging work quality， it will directly affect the air-conditioning effect. Difficulties in central air-conditioning engineering installation process are analyzed, and puts forward some measures according to the problems， in order to further improve the quality of installation of central airconditioning engineering, play a central air conditioning effectiveness。1。空调系统结露空调系统在运行中发生结露,导致出现风管及吊架结露、风口滴水、天花滴水、墙面渗水发霉、墙面涂料脱落等现象，虽然不会造成太大的事故，但已经影响到了观感和使用功能，给用户使用和大楼物业管理带来许多不便，并造成了一定的经济损失。其原因为保冷施工不规范,保冷层厚度不达标，保冷措施未发挥作用等等。因此，保温保冷的施工应聘请技术过硬的施工队进行施工。1 air conditioning system of dew condensation in the operation of the air conditioning system， led to the emergence of wind pipe and outlet water， condensation， hanger ceiling dripping, wall seepage moldy, wall paint off phenomenon, although not cause too much of the accident， but has affected the perception and use function, the use and the building property management to bring a lot of inconvenience, and caused a certain economic loss. The reason for the cold non-standard construction, cold layer thickness is not standard， cold measures does not play a role. Therefore， construction of thermal insulation cold for the construction team please skilled construction。1.1风管的处理：目前中央空调风管主要有无机材料复合风管和镀锌铁皮风管两种。无机材料复合风管由两层高轻度无机材料夹一层保温材料复合而成，具有质量轻、不燃烧、造价低，成品板材现场切割制作、安装比较方便等特点,保温层一般为2cm厚聚苯烯泡沫。由于材料结构比较合理，一般很少出现结露现象，施工前应重点检查板材有无剥壳、胀板变形等情况。1.1 wind pipe processing： the central air-conditioning duct mainly inorganic material composite wind pipe and galvanized iron duct two。 The inorganic material composite wind pipe consists of two floors with mild inorganic material with a composite layer of insulation material， has the advantages of light weight， not burning， low cost, finished plate making， field cutting installation more convenient， the insulation layer is generally 2cm thick polystyrene foam. Because the material structure more reasonable， rarely dewing phenomenon， should focus on examination of sheet has no peeling， bilge plate deformation before construction。 1。2空调水管道的处理：空调水管道温度低，出现结露的概率比较大,需要重点处理。施工时需严格控制供、回水及冷凝水管道和其他管道、风道、梁、柱、墙体之间的距离，常规距离控制在15cm以上，以便于保温工程的施工及确保保温质量，对于管道与支、吊架接触部位,正常情况下需增加木瓦管托，如无条件,也可以局部裹贴橡塑发泡板，再用卡箍收紧.同时需要注意各条管线应单独进行绝热施工.1。2 air conditioning water pipeline： air conditioning water pipe temperature is low， there is condensation probability is big， need to focus on treatment. When construction should strictly control the supply， between water and condensate water pipeline and other pipelines， ducts， beam， column， wall distance， normal distance control in 15cm above, in order to facilitate heat preservation project construction and ensure that the insulation quality, for the pipeline and branch， hanger contact site， under normal circumstances should increase shingles pipe support, such as no conditions， can also partially coated rubber and foam board， and then tighten the clamp. At the same time the need to pay attention to each line should be insulated construction alone。1。3死角部位的处理:风道、水管紧贴梁底、墙边及穿墙的部位也是保温施工的关键部位,如正常施工有困难，可以先在这些部位做好简易模具，再采用局部聚氨酯发泡填充，在风道、水管与障碍物接触周边表面形成保温层，以此隔离死角部位与空气的接触。1.3 corner parts of the key parts of air duct, water pipe: close to the bottom of beam, wall and wall part is insulation construction， such as the normal construction difficulty， can be the first to die in these parts, and local polyurethane foam filling， in the air duct, water pipe and the barrier is formed on the surface of the contact perimeter insulation layer， in order to isolate dead parts and air contact。1。4送风口的处理：一般而言,相对封闭或面积较小的房间及走道的送风口出现结露的可能性较大，梅雨季节尤为明显，分析原因主要有以下几点.Treatment of 1。4 inlets: Generally speaking， the room and corridor relatively closed or smaller outlet dewing possibility is larger, the rainy season is particularly evident， analysis the main causes are as follows.空调区域内的空气相对湿度大：夏季，特别在梅雨季节或者雷雨天，空气相对湿度大,水蒸气多，空调送风口很容易产生结露现象。The air conditioning area the air relative humidity： summer, especially in rainy season or thunderstorm days， air relative humidity, water vapor, the air outlet is easy to produce condensation.空调送风温差大：在某些时段，冷水温度比较低，而风机送风量又偏小，引起送风温差偏大，从而出现结露现象.这时可以适当手动调小风机盘管末端进水阀开度，加大风机送风量,从而减小送风温差。The air temperature： at certain hours, cold water temperature is relatively low， and the fan air volume is small, cause the supply air temperature difference is too large， resulting in condensation。 At this time can be manually adjustable small fan coil end inlet valve opening， increase the fan air flow， thereby reducing the supply air temperature difference.送风口为铝合金材质：目前空调风口大部分采用铝合金材料制作,由于是金属表面，结露会比较严重.在购置风口时应注意:a)委托生产厂家在铝合金表面进行喷塑处理，降低风口表面温度;b）在风口法兰边后侧敷贴PE保温条，减少气流与风口的换热。由于空调送风量大、温差小，送风口出现结露现象的概率比较小。The air outlet for aluminum alloy material： the current air conditioning most of the use of aluminum alloy materials， due to the metal surface, condensation will be more serious。 Should pay attention to in the purchase of air： a） commissioned by the manufacturers to spray on the surface of aluminum alloy tuyere， reduce surface temperature； b) PE insulation strip attached to the outlet flange back side dressing， reduce the heat flow and air。 Because the air volume large， small temperature difference， the probability of outlet condensation is relatively small.2。空调器噪声大、有振动The 2 air conditioner noise， vibration集中空调末端设备一般有组合式空调机组、柜式变风量空调器及风机盘管3种.风机盘管体积较小,出现问题的概率小；组合式空调机组、柜式变风量空调器由于体积大，机械设备功率大，出现问题的概率较大,需要逐步排查。Central airconditioning end equipment generally have a cabinet type air conditioner sets, VAV air conditioning and fan coil unit 3. Fan coil has the advantages of small volume, small probability of occurrence problem; cabinet combined type air conditioning units， VAV air conditioner due to large volume， mechanical equipment power， the greater the probability problem， need to gradually investigation。2。1检查设备内部：系统调试前,按规定必须进行单机试运转，检查项目包括：空调器内部有无施工残留物，减振器或垫块是否安装到位，底脚螺栓和相关紧固件是否拧紧，风机叶轮是否摩擦蜗壳,轴承是否有润滑油,电动机皮带松紧如何等等,以保证设备自身有良好的运行条件。2.1 internal inspection equipment: before debugging, standalone commissioning required by the regulations， inspection items include： the air conditioner has no construction residues, shock absorber or block is installed in place， the foot bolt and the associated fastener is tightened, the fan impeller friction worm shell， bearing for lubrication， the motor belt. How to wait， to ensure that the equipment has good operating conditions.2.2检查所有与空调器连接的部位是否有软接头：空调水管与空调器连接必须采用可曲挠法兰橡胶软接头。风管与空调器连接部位需安装静压箱，静压箱的主要作用有两点:降低送、回风气流噪声；合理混合并分配气流。静压箱与空调的连接可以用铝箔复合通风软管，也可以用三防帆布软接头.2.2 check all parts connected with the air conditioner is a soft joint： air conditioning pipe and air conditioner connecting must adopt flexible flange soft rubber joints。 The wind pipe and air conditioner connecting parts need to install static pressure box， there are two main effect of static pressure box： to reduce send， return air noise； the reasonable mixing and gas distribution. Connected static pressure box and air conditioning can use aluminum foil composite ventilation hose， can also use three canvas soft joint.2.3检查吊杆是否加装减振垫块或弹簧减振器:对于风量小的吊顶空调器，由于电动机功率小、振动小,可以在机组基础与设备吊架横托之间加装减振橡胶板垫块;风量大的空调器可以在设备吊杆上加装弹簧减振器，弹簧减振器的选用标准为：设备总质量吊杆数量（一般为4根）(1.31.5）（系数），因此在吊装前需详细了解设备质量,否则，弹簧减振器选用偏大会影响减振效果。Check whether the installation of 2.3 hangers damping pad or spring shock absorber for ceiling air conditioner air: small, because the motor power is small, small vibration， damping rubber pad block can be installed between the base unit and device hanger transverse support； air conditioning air volume can be added on the lifting rod spring shock absorber， selection criteria spring shock absorber for： the number of equipment quality / boom （usually 4） （1.3 1。5) (coefficient)， so we need a detailed understanding of the quality of equipment， before installation otherwise， spring and damper selection bias will affect the damping effect。2。4检查设备吊架上是否接有其他用途：在空调器吊装结束后，应在其底部独立增加角铁或方管等横担形成网架，以作为其他用途吊筋的悬挂支撑，网架的主吊筋固定在空调器周边，并与空调器保持一定距离，以便空调器检修.2。4 check the equipment on the hanger is connected with other uses: in the air conditioner installation ends, should be independent of an increase in its bottom angle or square cross arm form grid， as other uses hanger hanging the support frame， main hanger is fixed on the air conditioner, and keeps a certain distance with the air conditioner， so that air conditioning maintenance。3。局部区域空调效果差系统调试时出现的局部区域空调效果差的现象，可以从以下几个方面来排查并处理。Local air conditioning effect of airconditioning effect of 3 local area differential system debugging when the poor phenomenon， can from the following several aspects to the investigation and treatment。 3.1检查空调器过滤网是否脏在施工中，由于施工环境比较脏,灰尘很容易进入设备内部，设备运行一定时间后,过滤网会发生堵塞，造成空调器进风受堵，送风量偏低.3.1 check the air conditioner filter is dirty in the construction， due to relatively dirty construction environment， dust can easily enter the inside of the device, equipment operation after a certain period of time， the filter blockage can occur， caused by blocking the air conditioner air inlet, air flow is low。3。2检查风阀是否完全开启3.2 check valve is fully open风管安装过程中,由于施工人员不重视或者防火阀联动调试等原因，送、回风道主风阀未及时开启或全部打开，造成空调器送风受堵、风量偏低。The wind pipe installation process， due to construction workers do not pay attention to or fire valve linkage debugging, send, return air main air valve fails to open or fully opened， resulting in air by blocking the air conditioner, low。3。3检查有无异物堵塞表冷器3.3 check whether the foreign body blocking the surface cooler按规范要求，空调冷水管道与设备连接前都需进行冲洗，实际情况中，由于管线比较长、弯头比较多，或者受现场条件限制以及有些施工人员职业素质不高等原因,造成管道冲洗不干净，管道内残渣较多，最终堵塞空调表冷器的进口，影响水和空气的换热. According to the specification， chilled water piping and equipment are required to wash before connection， in the actual situation， because the pipeline is long, bend more， or restricted site condition and some construction personnel occupation quality is not high， resulting in pipeline cleaning not clean， residue in the final jam more pipes， air import table cold， the heat transfer effects of water and air。如果表冷器前管道上装有过滤器,要及时拆卸清理,如没有安装，需拆卸与机组连接的软接头，清理表冷器进口.If the table cooler of the pipeline is provided with a filter, to removing cleaning, if not installed, soft connector dismounting and cleaning unit， a surface cooler inlet。3。4系统内有空气3.4 system with air在冷水管网注水过程中,如果注水速度过快，管网内会残留大量空气，水流动循环后,这部分空气会集中在系统顶部或其他区域,造成局部空调器内冷水不流动或流动不畅,影响换热.In the cold water pipe network water injection process， if the injection speed too fast， the pipe network within the residual amounts of air， water circulation, the air will be concentrated in the system or on top of other regions, causing local air conditioning cooling water does not flow or the flow is not smooth, effect of heat transfer。 这种情况下，需手动开启空调器放气旋塞和打开系统高点排气阀排气。由于自动排气阀排气比较慢，因此在施工中，可以在供、回水主管最高点多安装几处排气装置,在实际工程中,可以在排气支管上安装一个三通,三通水平端安装普通闸阀，向上端安装自动排气阀,在管网注水过程中,可以打开闸阀，让管网内的空气快速大量排出，正常后再关闭，使用自动排气装置排气。In this case， the need to manually open air conditioning vent plug and open the system high exhaust valve. The automatic exhaust valve slowly, therefore in the construction, can a few exhaust device installed in return for charge, the highest point， in the actual project， a three is installed on the exhaust pipe, three horizontal end installed ordinary gate valves， the installation of automatic exhaust valve in the pipe network to the upper end, in the process of water injection, can open the valve, let the air inside the pipe fast discharge， normal after closing， automatic exhaust exhaust use。3。5水流量调节分配不合理3.5 water flow regulating unreasonable distribution设计人员在设计系统时，根据不同功能区需求及节能要求，在分水器上设置了一定数量的阀门,以分别控制不同场所的水流量,在调试中需调节好这些阀门的开启圈数，保证每个场所空调水系统的顺利循环和流量的合理分配.Designers in the design of the system， according to the requirement of demand and conservation of different functional areas， the amount of the valve installed in the water separator, water flow of different places, the need to adjust the valve opening laps, ensure the reasonable distribution of each places smooth circulation and flow of air conditioning water system。4。冷水机组制冷量达不到额定值Cooling capacity 4 chiller amounted to less than the rated value制冷机组是集中空调系统的心脏，如出现制冷机组制冷量不达标问题,对整个集中空调系统效果有很大影响.造成制冷量不达标问题的原因比较多，难以进行完全的技术分析,笔者在这里只谈几点粗浅的认识.Refrigeration unit is the heart of central air conditioning system， such as the emergence of refrigeration capacity of refrigeration unit standards are not the problem， has a great influence on the central air conditioning system. The cause of the refrigerating capacity not the problem more， it is difficult to analyze complete technology， know the author only talked a few superficial here.4.1实际冷负荷超出机组制冷量4。1 actual cooling load exceeds the refrigeration capacity设计时，对于制冷机组的制冷量要求，设计人员已经进行了详细的冷负荷计算。但在施工过程中，业主有时会在不是设计范围内的场所增加空调设备,因此，需核对实际空调服务面积是否超出图纸设计范围，如超出，冷负荷会比制冷量大，造成机组冷水出水温度偏高.The design for the cooling capacity of refrigeration units， requirements, design personnel have carried out a detailed calculation of cooling load。 But in the course of construction， the owners will sometimes not in design range of places increased air conditioning equipment， therefore, need to check the actual air conditioning service area is beyond the scope of design drawings， such as beyond， cooling load than large refrigerating capacity caused by the unit， outlet temperature of chilled water.4。2冷却水参数达不到规定要求The 4.2 cooling water parameters do not meet requirements冷却水的水温和流量是制冷机组运行时很重要的参数，冷却水温偏高和流量偏小对制冷机组效率会产生很大的负面影响，对冷却水参数是否达到规定要求一定要多加重视和检查。另外，在设计和土建施工时，要尽量将冷却塔布置在相对空旷的屋面上,塔的数量超过2台时，需保证相邻塔的间距为塔直径的11。5倍以上，以保证各塔的进风气流不受影响.The cooling water temperature and flow rate are important parameters of refrigeration unit in operation, the temperature of cooling water and high flow is small on the efficiency of the refrigerating unit will have a great negative impact, on the cooling water parameters meets the specified requirements must pay more attention and check. In addition， in the design and construction, to minimize the cooling tower is arranged in a relatively open roof, tower more than 2 units， the need to ensure spacing between adjacent tower of the tower diameter of 1 1。5 times， to ensure that the air flow into the tower is not affected.4。3购置机组要留有余量4。3 purchase of units to leave a margin以溴化锂冷水机组为例，制冷机组在使用过程中，由于机组自身的一些原因，如机组内部钢板会有轻微腐蚀及溶液参数发生变化，传热管堵塞或结垢引起传热效率降低等等,都会引起制冷量