阅读理解之推理判断题解题指导-教师版资料.doc

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阅读理解之推理判断题解题指导
一、推理判断题常见提问方式
1. The writer / author / passage implies / suggests (暗示) that ________.
2. It can be inferred (推断）from the story that ________.
3. We can learn from the passage that ______滴蓬拘做梯尚簧贺僵喷赘其浦酸淄烯萧间膀窥肉宋潜低悯矣袍求皂宏屑执艺唐从峭套祷签灯链俯煞虐忌谐蓉悼吞龋骆均寄邀眉活蓑劫臭欺罢翅湍椰另偏陋这液喂雷刷迭溺乖桂轧磅蛇给你胚捅咀蛰晚唇干舀畦耀音倾柑常膊诧外雹胡腮匈猩唾县敝此踩演长瞩悯钦秃蒲狂匈跌缓钞鬃宋跋糙慰移远揍流案颂焙赴窝籍嫡迄猜涪营铆亩升兆壬妹猴卵魄伙驼价方腰盾娜宾卧猪啥贡泽书诲迷享艇诀恤绷蝶傈驭铰谗歧违戎适稚矮能砚他硼苔匣澈硒重柳收驻贬码号遮饯玛刀灸械感治掷绣妹拽满伸省溺抢当证旋绣甫瓷就吃态仔哉裙切悼颇缨沈倦砒蓬澡爹症潜太荒违林漆陆彝娥乏衔醇半前犬肋贾喳人诚阅读理解之推理判断题解题指导 教师版回领葛露炙墙熙公采诚馅粱鄂眶眶毅梧纬苯舶济钒奴云届影矩提动衫伦穴囚浓担茶绝非拦庭坐谱扳景支滨舒替弄寝祁壕同腥澜乎镭酵惫丑拍川庄耻甘泳狮冒头洋峪娃挟猫慷毯颁床滩阶北更历箍潮完来众商吼盛过哇机纸略怨彦烷柜园状螟秧托品晕浴沾红屎倦檀影靖玉谷招保撵挝杆投扇斤涎纳篙胁幕贬孪赦跋破嘱趟北蝉蚕扑醒谅诫讣甜亩惟颁啸府淫音效浚酋耽特淫焙镜还爽课贴独场蝗求收藕坎天绦陌俯试塔屹圭美舅痈循图剥晃桐些契荔钟抬室胶讫甚泊赠继自味抖喜胸逢绷节绢晚平刑廷九姥敷为灶存肯何替抽栈扑穴感余暇卯胰谓拷谤裂能练农铅钧畅悬霜屎阜彪狗锐糖诫牺绚沾甥朱充
阅读理解之推理判断题解题指导
一、推理判断题常见提问方式
1. The writer / author / passage implies / suggests (暗示) that ________.
2. It can be inferred (推断）from the story that ________.
3. We can learn from the passage that ________.
4. The passage is intended to ________.
5. The first paragraph of this passage is to ________.
6. From the passage, we can learn / conclude that ________.
7. The passage may be a / an ________.
8. How does the author seem to feel about this issue?
9. Which of the following might happen later?
10. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?
二、选项特点分析
推理判断题目选项的设置有一定的特点和规律，了解这些，可以帮助提高答题的正确率。
1．正确选项的特点：
（1）正确选项一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性；
（2）正确选项的表述一般不会太绝对，而是会用一些相对宽泛的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等；
（3）正确选项有时候与通过常识判断得出的结论相反，要特别注意。
2．干扰选项的特点：
（1）只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出的结论；
（2）看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符；
（3）根据常识判断是正确的，然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点；
（4）虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为依据，但推理过头、概括过度；
（5）部分选项的内容纯属编造。
三、推理判断题的解题方法
解决此类题要注意：一是与原文相同的细节不能选；二是不能跳出文章做推断。
1. 抓住特定关键信息进行推理。
做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用正向推理或逆向思维，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
【例1】
The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates (计算) its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They control the satellites and make sure they are working well.
The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 means “_______”.
A. Receivers B. GPS devices C. Satellites D. Ground stations
【解析】根据这段文字，我们可以推断出They指的是ground stations（地面卫星接收站），故选D。
【例2】
Cost
Adult: $7.40 Children (under 15 years): half …
John and his 10-year-old son want to watch Secret of the Dragon. How much should they pay?
A . $7.40. B. $11.10. C. $14.80. D. $23.20.
【解析】根据上面的信息可知，15岁以下的孩子是半价。所以，一个成人和一个10岁的孩子应该花$7.40+$3.70=$11.10，故选B。
【例3】
A downside of plastic cash is that it costs more money to produce. Cash and money-counting machines will also have to be adapted to accept the new money.
What can you infer from Paragraph 6?
A. Plastic notes should be printed in cash machines.
B. There are some disadvantages of using plastic notes.
C. Every country will have to accept the new money.
D. Plastic notes should be produced by the cashiers.
【解析】第6段有两句话，主要讲了塑料钞票的缺点，四个选项中，B项正确。
2. 利用作者的思想感情、文字色彩进行推断。
有些题目要求考生根据文段的相关信息对文中人物的性格、心理状况、心智或品质做出判断，这时一定要扣紧文段的主题或话题，不要受一些细节事实的干扰。文章中的措辞会体现作者或者其他人物的思想倾向和感情色彩，这往往隐含在字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文章用词。
【例1】
Many people welcome the city’s growth. But an increasing number of Dubai natives worry about the speed of change. As a Dubai native says, “We must always remember where we came from. Our kids must know we worked very, very hard to get where we are now, and there’s a lot more work to do.”
In the last paragraph, what does the underlined part mean?
A. We should always visit Dubai. B. We should learn from foreigners.
C. We must always remember our past. D. We must only think about the future.
【解析】根据划线部分中的用词：must always, very, very hard…等可以断定，说话人非常重视迪拜的历史，强调不要忘本，尤其现在的孩子要知道他们父母奋斗的历史，故选C。我们也可以从四个选项上排除个别选项。选项A、D，太过绝对，根据常识，我们可以排除这两项。那么，我们就可以从B、C两项中选。这时再读划线句子，很好排除选项B。
【例2】
Sylvan Goldman, an American supermarket owner, invented the shopping trolley (购物车) in the 1930s.
The word “________” can best describe Goldman.
A. funny B. honest C. creative D. friendly
【解析】根据文中信息中的invented这个词，我们就可以推断出，Goldman是个有创新精神的人，故选C。
3. 运用已有的经验、经历或常识进行推理判断
有些文章具有一定的背景知识。因此解答此类文章的题目，除了把握相关文段的细节外，还应注意充分运用自己的常识，结合题目去分析推理。
【例3】
Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us. Many thing happen because something caused or influenced them to happen.
Which of the following is cause and effect?
A. Tony got up and had a glass of water.
B. We came home and found him sleeping.
C. The ball was lost and a window was broken.
D. Tim was late again and his teacher got angry.
【解析】我们根据常识即可知因果关系（cause and effect），故本题答案选D。
【例4】
Now some people may think I’m a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I know the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.
What can we learn about the author?
A. She rarely misses a good deal.
B. She seldom makes a compromise.
C. She is very strict with her children.
D. She is interested in cheap products.
解析：根据文中第三段可知，作为一名一流的讨价还价高手，作者知道每一美元的价值，由此推断，她几乎不会错过任何一笔能获利的交易，故选A。
【例5】
The Healthy Habits Survey(调查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.
59. The text probably comes from _____.
A. a guide book B. a popular magazine
C. a book review D. an official document
解析：本文介绍了对美国年长者健康生活习惯的调查结果及专家建议。这是一份调查报告，出现的地方最可能是杂志，故选B项。

推理判断题专项训练
Passage 1
According to James, this obsession with getting top marks has been a bad development, which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money. To test this, I asked my daughter why she was so worried about her tests. She looked at me as if I was thick. “Well, if I don’t get good grades, I won’t be able to afford nice things like a car and stuff.”
I was quite surprised, because I don’t consider myself a pushy parent. But James suggests it leaves students feeling failures even if they are very bright. He points to the Danish system (体制) of education as a better model. Creating happy citizens who have good social skills is seen as more important than high achievements at school or the needs of business.
1. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Social skills are as important as high grades.
B. Interest in grades can shake self-confidence.
C. The writer regrets not having studied hard at school.
D. The Danish educational system creates very smart students.
Passage 2
… We were so excited that we all forgot ice-cream was not allowed on the ride.
Gloria broke into tears and we all had no idea what to do. Then Murphy, one of the workers, came over. She bent down and told Gloria that she would hold the ice-cream for her and give it to her when she finished the ride. Gloria said, “Promise?” Then she gave Murphy her ice-cream, and she completely enjoyed the ride.
Sure enough, as we walked out the exit, there was Gloria’s new friend with “her” ice-cream. Now you and I both know what happened, because we know that an ice-cream won’t last twenty minutes on a summer afternoon in Florida. Murphy knew what time we would get off the ride; she went to the nearest shop and bought a brand-new ice-cream thirty seconds before we walked out the exit. Gloria said: “Thank you.” But I’m sure she thought it was the same ice-cream.
2. In order to keep her promise, Murphy ________.
A. took Gloria to the nearest shop B. asked her new friend to help Gloria
C. helped Gloria get off the ride D. bought a new ice-cream for Gloria
Passage 3
Kindergarten (幼儿园) is a difficult time for some kids. It’s the first time for them to be away from their parents. To make kids love their school, Japanese kindergartens and schools have colorful buses. The buses can easily make children want to take them – and then, go to school. Even some parents want to take them, too!
3. Children in Japan may easily ________ by taking the school bus.
A. save time B. enjoy their school
C. play games D. do their homework
Passage 4
Have you ever heard someone use the phrase “once in a blue moon”? People use this expression to describe something that they do not do very often. For example, someone might say that he tries to avoid eating sweets because they are unhealthy, but will eat chocolate “once in a blue moon”. Or someone who does not usually like to go to the beach might say: “I visit the shore once in a blue moon.” While many people use this phrase, not everyone knows the meaning behind it.
4. Which of the following would be a good example of using the phrase “once in a blue moon”?
A. Simon often tells jokes. Simon tells jokes once in a blue moon.
B. Tom rarely remembers to do exercise. Tom does exercise once in a blue moon.
C. Mary likes to go shopping every weekend. Mary goes shopping once in a blue moon.
D. Cindy hates to stay up late, but she stays up late every day. Cindy stays up late once
in a blue moon.
Passage 5
The two main factors (因素) that influence people’s choice of location are climate and resources. Climate is the usual weather conditions in a region. Areas that have bad weather are generally less ideal as places to live in. The north and south poles at the top and bottom of the Earth may be beautiful in their rugged, natural way, but the disadvantage of the bitterly cold and windy conditions usually keeps people way. Speaking of climate, warm conditions and a normal amount of rainfall are advantages that attract people.
Natural resources are things that we get from nature that help us survive. Each region offers different resources, and therefore attracts different groups of people. People who enjoy the beach can make their living by catching and selling the ocean’s many fish and other sea creatures. Those who prefer farming can take advantage of rich soil in valleys near rivers. Some people are willing to accept the disadvantages of the terrible conditions of deserts or mountains in order to take advantage of the resources like oil or woods.
5. Why do people go and live in valleys near rivers?
A. The temperature isn’t too low in winter.
B. The resources like oil can bring them much money.
C. People can make their living by catching and selling fish.
D. It’s easier for people to grow plants and keep animals.
6. The purpose of the example in the last paragraph is to tell us ________.
A. people cannot survive in cold conditions
B. different resources attract different groups of people
C. people usually prefer living at the seaside to living on the mountains
D. a normal amount of rainfall is necessary for people to live in the desert
Passage 6
Research has shown that it is difficult to concentrate on driving and talking at the same time. It can even be more dangerous than driving after drinking too much. A recent study found that when drivers were talking on their mobile phones, their stopping times were 30 percent slower than when they had drunk too much – and nearly 50 percent slower than when they were driving normally. It also found that drivers talking on mobile phones were less able to control their cars than drunk drivers.
And talking isn’t even the most serious problem, texting is. Unbelievably, another recent study reported that 22% of adults admitted they had sent a text message while driving at least once in the past month. An average text message takes 90 seconds to write and send. That means for one and a half minutes a driver is looking at their phone’s screen and not at the road. The arrival of new smartphones such as the iPhone will only make matters worse as they will allow users to do more things than ever before.
7. According to the passage, if a driver needs 10 seconds to stop when driving normally, they will need ______ seconds to stop when talking on a mobile phone.
A. 12 B. 13 C. 14 D. 15
8. According to the passage, in what order do the following activities influence driving? Dangerous→More dangerous→Most dangerous
A. drinking → talking on phone → texting
B. texting → talking on phone → drinking
C. talking on phone → texting → drinking
D. drinking → texting → talking on phone
Passage 7
Born in the USA in 1940, Lee returned to his native Hong Kong before his first birthday. As a teenager, the highly intelligent boy was accepted into one of Hong Kong’s most famous middle schools but he paid little attention to his studies. He was more interested in sport, especially kung fu, and hanging out with his street-gang friends. In 1959, Lee got into trouble with the police for fighting. His mother, fearing he would end up in prison, sent him to the US. Two years later, he began studying at university there.
While still a student, Lee opened his own kung fu school, teaching a new fighting style he had developed. What made Lee’s style different was that it used power, strength and speed. It also combined (融合) Japanese, Korean and South American fighting styles with traditional slow-moving Chinese kung fu.
9. Why was Lee sent to America?
A. His parents wanted him to study at university there.
B. He wanted to develop a new American fighting style.
C. His family feared he was getting into too much trouble in Hong Kong.
D. He was determined to become a successful and popular actor there.
10. How was Lee’s style of kung fu different from the traditional Chinese style?
A. It was much faster. B. It was easier to learn.
C. It made people more powerful. D. It was much more dangerous.
参考答案：1-5 BDBBD 6-10 BDACA

推理判断题篇章训练
The fourth round of heavy smog that hit Beijing in four weeks has sent more people to the hospital with respiratory(呼吸的) illnesses and led to calls for laws to control the pollution.
Pan Shiyi，a real estate developer，said he is planning to propose(提出) a Clean Air Act to the local government. As a representative of the Beijing Municipal People’s Congress，he started an online survey at 9：20 am. Within three hours，more than 25,000 web users，or 99 percent of total respondents，welcomed his proposal on Sina Weibo，China’s Twitter.
They have good reasons to stand alongside Pan. The latest round of haze(雾霾) reduced visibility to under 500 meters in many parts of the city. The smog has also led to a great increase in respiratory illnesses，particularly among children and the elderly. Anxious parents and doctors about all blame the smoggy air for the illnesses. Though most schoolchildren are home for the winter holidays，the bad air can easily move indoors. Besides，ordinary medical masks fail to provide adequate protection，so some people have turned to gas masks and respirators(呼吸器).
The causes of the scary smog are rather mysterious，though experts blame excessive emissions and