表语从句详解.doc

表语从句详解一、概念表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句.放在系动词之后,一般结构是主语+系动词+表语从句可以接表语从句的连系动词有be， look， remain， seem等。可以接表语从句的系动词有：1.be（being，been,am,is，are,was,were）2。feel,seem,look，appear,sound，taste，smell3。stand,lie，remain,keep,stay4。become,get,grow，turn，go，come，run,fall5.prove,turnoutThe trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields。这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因.At that time, it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word anyhow.当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。引导表语从句的词:从属连词that、whether、as though、 as if（That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略.）关系代词who， what, which, whom, whose， whatever， whoever, whomever， whichever等；关系副词when， where, why， how, however， whenever, wherever等.由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、是否.这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question（问题),trouble（麻烦），problem（问题），result（结果)，chance（可能性)，suggestion（建议)，idea（想法），reason(理由）等.表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释,使主语的内容具体化。例如：The trouble is （that) she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱.The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use。问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了.What she couldnt understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons。 我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣.由关系代词引导的表语从句。关系代词who， what， which, whom, whose， whatever， whoever， whomever， whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。例如：The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作.Thats what he is worrying about。那就是他在担心的事.Thats what we should do.那是我们应该做的.由关系副词引导的表语从句.关系副词 when， where, how， why 除在句子起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间，地点，方式或原因状语，本身具有词义。例如：Go and get your coat。 Its where you left it。 去把雨衣拿来.就在你原来放的地方。I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats why I got wet through. 我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因.That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year。那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的.That is what he is worried about.那就是他所担心的。由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。Thats because we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事。It seems as if he didnt know the answer。好像他不知道答案.注意A。 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel. Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.B。 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）.引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether 位于介词后要用whether位于句首时要用whether。引导表语从句,主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether.False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.Right： It looked as if he had understood this question。C.不像宾语从句,在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致.Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yesterday。D。 that在表语从句中不可以省掉。基本用法表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句例如：The problem is how we can get the things we need。问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西. （how 在表语从句中充当方式状语)The scissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表语从句中充当宾语）What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本.(what在主语从句中作直接宾语, that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略）That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的.（what在表语从句中充当直接宾语）That is why she failed to pass the exam。 那就是她考试不及格的原因.(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语)WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay。我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本.（what在主语从句中作直接宾语, that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分， 不能省略）ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要对你讲的.(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考试不及格的原因.（why在表语从句中充当原因状语）注意Thatiswhy。.。是常用句型， 意为这就是的原因/因此， 其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语， 该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结, 又如：Thatiswhyyouseethisoldwomanbeforeyouknow，Jeanne。珍妮, 这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异， 说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括).ThatiswhyIcame.这就是我来的原因。下面是两个与Thatiswhy。.形式相似的结构, 它们与Thatiswhy。.。结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：(1)Thatiswhy.与Thatisthereasonwhy。.。同义， 只不过从语法结构上讲, Thatisthereasonwhy.。.中why引导的是个定语从句， 将其中的thereason去掉则与Thatiswhy.。结构一样, 例如:Thatis(thereason)whyIcannotagree.这就是我不能同意的理由.（2）Thatisbecause。.句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语， 这也是个常用句型， 意为这就是为什么/因为。Thatisbecause.。与Thatiswhy.。之间的不同在于Thatisbecause.。指原因或理由， Thatiswhy。则指由于各种原因所造成的后果, 例如：Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影, 那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。（第一句话说明结果, 第二句话说明原因)Hehadseenthefilmbefore。Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight。他以前曾看过那部电影, 因此他昨天晚上没有去看.(第一句话说明原因， 第二句话说明结果)表语从句与宾语从句的关系宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同.故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句.宾语从句（1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点语序:从句的语序必须是陈述句语序,即主语+谓语这种形式.时态：当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句可以是任何时态，而当主句是一般过去时的时候，从句，从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态，即(一般过去时,过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时）。连接词:当从句意思完整,主句意思肯定时，连接词用that,且可以省去,当从句意思完整，主句意思不确定或含否定含意时,常用if或whether（是否），当从句意思不完整时，连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词.表语从句在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同.也是名词性从句的一种.如：Whatthepolicewanttoknowiswhenyouenteredredtheroom警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间.Thetroubleisthatweareshortoffunds困难是我们缺乏资金.Thisiswhatweshoulddo这是我们应当做的。注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序，即陈述语序。asif,asthough,because也可用来引导表语从句.Sheseemsasifshehaddoneagreatthing她看起来好像做了一件大事.Itisbecauseyoueattoomuch是因为你吃得太多了。单项选择1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week。 A。 that B. if C. when D. whether2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless。 A。 because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It s _you left it A. where B. there C. there where D。 where there4The problem is _to take the place of TedA. who can we get B. what we can get C。 who we can get D. that we can get5. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us. A. that B。 if C. whether D.不填6。 The reason is_ I missed the bus。 A。 that B. when C。 why D. what7. That is _ _ we were late last time。 A。 that B。 when C。 why D. what8. She looked _ she were ten years younger. A. that B. like C。 as D. as though9.-I fell sick!-I think it is _ you are doing too much。 A。 why B。 when C. what D. because10。 The reason why he hasnt come is _.A. because his mother is ill B。 because of his mothers being illC。 that his mother is ill D。 for his mother is ill11. -He was born here. That is _ he likes the place so much。 A。 that B. what C。 why D。 how12.That is _ Lu Xun once lived. A。 what B. where C. that D. why13_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies。A. What; how are you B. That;how you are C。 How；that you are D. What；how you are14. The trouble is_ we are short of tools. A. what B. that C。 how D。 why that15。 America was _was first called India by Columbus.A。 what B. where C。 the place D。 there where16。 China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_ .A. what it used to be B。 what it was used to being C. what it used to being D。 what it was used to be17. _he really means is _he disagrees with us。A. What that B. That what C。 What what D. That what18. The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work。 A. that B. which C。 what D. such19 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that_ you had a few days off? A。 why B .what C. when D。 where20 。I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella _I got wet through。A。 Its the reason B。 Thats why C. Theres why D。 Its how21。 See the flags on top of the building？ That was _ we did this morning。 A。 when B. which C. where D。 what22. - Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh， thats _.A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC。 how I feel about it D. when I feel excited23。 What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.A。 the way B. in the way that C。 in the way D. the way which句子翻译1。这就是我想做的_2。这房子正是他最需要的东西。_3. 这就是Henry怎样解决问题的_4。问题是谁能完成这项困难的任务_5.今天讨论的话题是未来的学校会是怎样的_6。他迟到的原因是交通拥堵。_7.事实是他对我撒谎了._8.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_。(disagree)你一直说每个人应该是平等的这就是我不同意之处.9。Yourcoatisstill_.（where)你的外套仍然在你放的地方.10.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella。Thatis_through。（get）我既没有雨衣也没有雨伞。这就是为什么我全身被淋湿的原因.11.Itsounds_thedoor.（asif）听起来好像某人正在敲门。12.Itseems_interestedinHenry。(become）好像伦敦所有人都变得对亨瑞感兴趣.13。Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas_theWaterPark。（visit）上一次我们玩得很开心的时候是我们正在参观水族公园的时候。that/what的区别1_yourfatherwantstoknowis_gettingonwithyourstudies。A。What;howareyouB.That;howyouareC.How；thatyouareD.What；howyouare2。Thetroubleis_weareshortoftools.A。whatB.thatC.howD.whythat3。Americawas_wasfirstcalledIndiabyColumbus。A。whatB。whereC.theplaceD。therewhere4。Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger。Itisnolonger_。A.whatitusedtobeB.whatitwasusedtobeingC。whatitusedtobeingD。whatitwasusedtobe5。_hereallymeansis_hedisagreeswithus.A。WhatthatB.ThatwhatC.WhatwhatD。Thatwhat6.Theenergyis_makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD。such系动词分类：一、根据系动词后所跟结构,我们可以把英语系动词分为两大类：完全系动词（其后只能跟表语的动词，如be，seem）和半系动词(其后既可跟表语作系动词用法，也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用，如look）例如：1）Helookedsadlyattheboy。（看着，实义动词用法）Helooksacleverboy。（看起来，系动词用法）2）Helooksatacleverboy.（看着,实义动词用法）在英语中，某一动词是多义词，既有实义动词用法，又有系动词用法。二、根据系动词的意义,我们把英语系动词分为四类：A五大感官系动词B状态系动词C动态系动词D双谓语系动词A五大感官系动词，描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来,都是半系动词.1look看起来像是，后接adj。、n。、分词、介词短语、不定式等。Thegirlbitherlipsandlookedthoughtful。这位女孩咬着嘴唇，看上去若有所思.2smell闻起来,后接adj.分词.Theflowerssmellsweet.这些花气味真香.3sound听起来，后接adj。分词.Themusicsoundssweet。这首诗听起来真悦耳.4taste尝起来,后接adj。分词.Theapplestasteverygood。这些苹果很好吃。5Feel摸起来,给感觉；觉得，后接adj。/p.p。Youwillfeelbetterafteranightssleep。睡上一晚,你会觉得好些。B状态系动词：1be，是，属完全系动词.Iamastudent.我是一个学生.2seem,似乎，好像，完全系动词.Theyseemquitehappy。他们似乎很快乐.3appear,显得，看起来好像，半系动词。Itappeared（tobe）atruestory。看来这是一个真实的故事。4keep，保持的状态,半系动词,后接adj或介词短语.Youdbettergotobedandkeepwarm。你最好躺在床上去暖和一下。5remain,仍是，半系动词.Iremainedsilent.我仍然缄默。6stay保持（某种状态）,半系动词，后接adj.、过去分词。Thewindowstayedopenallthenight.7。prove证明是,半系动词,后接adj.n.Thetreatmentprovedtobesuccessful.这种疗法证明是成功的。C动态系动词：都属于半系动词，描述状态变化过程.1get变成，变得起来，后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger。白天变得越来越长了。2fall进入（某种状态），成为，后常接以下形容词：asleep，lame,silent,ill,sick，flat。Theoldmen,unabletoexpresshimself，fellsilent.那位老人说不清自己的意思，就不做声了.Myfatherfellillanddied。我的父亲生病死了。3grow渐渐变得起来，长得Itsgrowingwarm.天气渐渐暖和起来了.4turn转变成(新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质），变质（色）。Mapletreesturnredinautumn.枫叶在秋天变红了。Itwascloudythismorning，butfortunatelyithasturnedfine.今天早上是阴天,幸好已经转晴了。5go,变成(某种坏的状态）Thetelephonehasgonedead.电话不通了.Thematerialhasgoneafunnycolour.这料子的颜色变得奇怪了。go之后常接的adj。还有：bad，blind，wild,wrong,sour，hard，hungry,mad,red,with，anger，white,pale,blue,grey。6become变成，成为(好坏均可的情况）Ibecameinterestedindrawing.我开始对素描感兴趣了。Hebecameangrywithme.他对我生气了。Theybecamegoodfriends.他们成了好朋友。7come，变成为（已知的状态），证实为，后常接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语，表示状态或情况的变化.Hiswishtobecomeapilothascometrue.他想当飞行员的愿望实现了.Ifyoulookintothematter，everythingwillcomeclear。如果你调查一下这事,一切都会清楚.后面常接的形容词还有:apart,dear(昂贵），natural,open，short，right（好了），unstuck(没有粘住），untied(松开）.8run，变成，后接adj。Thepriceranhigh。价格上升了.9make，达到某种状态后接形容词,如sure，certain，merry，bold，freeWemustmakecertainoffacts.我们一定要弄清事实.D双谓语系动词此类系动词既有系动词的功能,后接表语，又保留原实义动词本身的含义.例如：Therunrosered。太阳升起红艳艳。Shestoppedandstoodquitestill。她停下来然后一丝不动地站着.Thesnowlaythickontheground.雪厚厚地堆积在地上。Hemarriedyoung.他结婚很早。LeiFengdiedyoung。雷锋早逝。Hecontinuedsilent.他继续沉默不语.系动词单项选择题Thestorysounds_(MET89)A。tobetrueB.astrueC.beingtrueD。trueThoseorangestaste_(MET91)A。goodB。wellC.tobegoodD。tobewell-Areyoufeeling_?-Yes,Imfinenow/(NMET92）A.anywellB。anybetterC.quitegoodD。quitebetter-CanIjointheclub,Dad.-Youcanwhenyou_abitolder。(NMET94)A.getB。willgetC。getD.willhavegot-Doyoulikethematerial?-Yes,it_verysoft。（NMET94)A.isfeelingB.feltC。feelsD。isfeltIlovetogototheseasideonSummer.It_goodtolieinthesunorswiminthecoolsea。（NMET96)A.does B.feels C.gets D。makesCleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_bythehour.(NMET98）A.payB。payingC。paidD.topayWhydontyouputthemeatinthefridge？Itwill_forseveraldays.(NMET2003）A.bestayed B.stay C。bestaying D.havestayed系动词巩固练习Whatyouhavesaid_。AissoundedinterestingBsoundsinterestingCsoundinterestedDlistensinterestedTheclassbegins.Pleasekeep_。AsilentBsilenceCthesilenceDsilentlyLook！Severalpeopleinthecrowdseemed_.AtobefightingBtohavefoughtCbeingfoughtDhavingfoughtHow_thesongshesingssounds！Ihavenever_abettervoice。Abeautifully，soundedBbeautiful,soundedCsweet，listenedtoDsweet,heardHerfeelingabo