新冀教版七年级上各单元知识要点小结.doc

七年级期末单元知识要点归纳总结Unit1-21介绍自己要用My name is . . . 或I am. . . ,介绍别人则用His/Her name is. . .或This is. . .询问别人的姓名用Whats your/his/her name?2.表示“我生活/住在某地。”要用I live in +地点。如：I live in China.3.询问对方的身体健康状况，要用How are you? 答语为：Im fine/Fine,thanks.4.人们见面时的寒喧话常用Nice to meet you.答语为：Nice to meet you, too或Me,too.5.询问单数物品时，要用Whats this/it? 答语为Its a/an +单数名词。其中，this为指示代词，表示离说话人较近的事物。在答语中，一般要用it 代替this.6询问某人或某物在某地，要用Where is. . .?如：Where is the school?There it is.7询问数量多少要用How many. How many后面必须接复数名词。如：How many markers do you have? I have four./Four.8.He,she,it都是人称代词主格形式，都是第三人称单数。学过的物主代词有my,your ,his,her.9.表示客气的请求要用May I,please?答语为Sure./OK (Here you are.)10.borrow 与 have.都可以表示“借”之意，区别在于：前者表示借了要还；而后者则指借了不必还。如：May I borrow your book, please? May I have a piece of paper?11.Thanks之类的感谢用语的答语为Youre wele.12.“打开。.”用Open the ,open的对应词为close.如:Open the window./Close your book,please.13.询问物品的颜色时,要用What colour is/are? 答语为Its/They are+颜色。如：What colour is your skirt ? Its pink.14.询问物品是谁的，要用whose . whose 可以作定语，也可以作表语，两种句型常可以进行同义转换。如：Whose shots are these?=Whose are these shorts?15.询问别人喜欢什么，用Do you like?答语用Yes,I do.或No,Idont。16.名词的复数是指名词的数量超过了1，名词的末尾别忘加s。如：two desk , six pencils但是fish的复数可以是原形。17.Are these?是”这些是吗?”,其中单数形式是Is this?”(这是.吗?)18.英语国家的名字是姓氏(surnamefamilyname)在后,名(given name)在前.如:Jim Green中Jim是名字,Green是姓氏.Uinit3-41.询问对方的感受用How do you feel?回答时用Im/I feel+表示感情或感觉的形容词.如:-How do you feel? 你感觉怎么样? -Im/I feel happy/sad/cold/hot/tired/cool/warm.我(感到)很高兴/难过/冷/热/累/凉爽/暖和.2.询问人的高度用How tall,回答时用“数字 + metre(s) + tall”,也可以用I dont know如：How tall are you? Im 1.3 metres tall.3.询问人或物品的情况用Whats the matter? 还可说成Whats the matter with?其答语并不固定，如：Whats the matter with your finger? I cut it. It hurts.4.表达自己饥饿/口渴，想吃/喝东西时，用Im hungry/thirsty. I want to eat/drink want to 的委婉说法是would like to.如：Im hungry. Iwant to / would like to eat some dumplings.5.含有实义（行为）动词的一般现在时的肯定句变成否定句时，要在实义（行为）动词前面加dont/doesnt,do/does 为助动词，无意义，只用于构成语法形式，如：I do my homework in the evening. I dont do my homework in the evening. 这类句型变成一般疑问句时，要把助动词do 放在主语（第3人称单数除外）前面，结构为：Do + 主语 + 实义（行为）动词原形 + 其它？简略答语为：Yes,主语（代词形式）+do.或No,主语（主语形式）+dont。如：Do you do your homework in the evening?Yes,I do.(No, I dont)6.“该做。了”用Its time for 句型，for后跟名词。如：Its time for breakfast/lunch/supper.7.Would you like some?这个句型表示向对方提出建议、邀请等等，语气委婉，显得客气、有礼貌。这个句型中用some不用any,这个句型的答语常常是Yes,please.或No,thanks.8.询问物品的价格要用How much（多少钱），如：How much are your shoes? How much for one hot dog?9.Ill take 表示“我将/要买。”take可用buy/get/have代替。如：Ill take /get/have/buy six.10.可数名词与不可数名词 （1）可数名词有复数形式。如：apples erasers fingers不可数名词没有复数形式。如：bread, fish, food, rice,soup (2) 可数名词之前的修饰语可以是：a pear, two pears, some apples不可数名词之前的修饰语可以是：some rice, a bowl of rice, two cups of tea (3)可数名词的复数形式一般情况下是在名词的后面加s,但也有例外，如 footfeet strawberrystrawberries peachpeaches fishfish或fishes5-6单元重点语句回顾1询问对方的年龄时用句型How old are you ? 答语为：I am + 数词（+years old ）如：How old are you ? I am thirteen .( years old)2.生日祝贺用语为：Happy birthday ( to you)!答语为：Thank you.或 Thanks之类的感谢用语。3询问某人正在做某事时，要用句型What + be + doing ? 答语用：主语+be +doing +其它。用现在进行时态，表示说话时动作正在进行。如：What are they doing now? They are talking.4.询问某物的地点或位置时用Where提问，句型结构为Where + be + 主语？Where 所提问的常常是由above/below/beside/in/on等构成的介词短语。如：Where is the picture? Its above the bed.5.“该做某事了”常用 Its time for + 名词。或Its time +to+ 动词原形（+其它）。这两种说法常常简说为Time for + 名词。或 Time +to +动词原形（+其它）。如 Its time for supper.= Time for supper.= Its time to have supper.= Time to have supper.6.晚间问候用语为Good evening. 但晚间告别用语为Good night.7.询问交通方式要用How,句型结构为 How do / does + 主语+动词原形+其它？答语中要有by +交通工具名词，或in/on+限定词+交通工具名词。8表示一个地方离另一个地方远要用be far from .9.为别人引路时常说This way,please.或Follow me .对方回答Thanks或Thank you .Folow me 是一句较为常用的口语，它的意义极广，表示“跟我走/学/唱/说/做。应根据不同的语言环境来确定它的具体意义。10询问某人要去某地常用Where are you going ? 答语为 Im /We are goingto +地点。11服务行业的服务人员常用的服务用语是Can /May I help you? 这句口语在不同的行业、不同的地点意义有所不同，在商店表示：你想买点什么？在饭店表示：你想吃点什么？在书店则意为：你想买什么书？等。如需帮忙则答：Yes,please.然后再说出你具体需要什么。如不需帮忙则说：No,thanks.如果请别人帮忙时，则用Can you help me?12.数字加法常用 plus/andequals/is句型。如：Twenty plus/and thirty equals/is fifty.13.向对方提出建议做某事时，常用Lets + 动词原形+其它。答语常用OK, lets 或Sorry 等。如：Lets go to the farm to see the animals.- OK,lets go.14.为问路的人指路时，常常用Go/Walk down this street and turn left/right.等，问路的人要表示感谢。15.问某物多少钱用How much is /are? 用is或are要根据主语的单复数而变化16询问某人住/生活在哪里的说法是：Where do/does +主语+live?17语法现在进行时定义：表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。如：The students are listening to the teacher. 学生们正在听老师讲课。现在进行时也可以表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。如: We are working on a farm these days. 这些天我们在农场劳动。结构：人称主语放句首，am , is ,are 紧随后，现在分词跟着走，不写句号不停留。变否定（句），加not,化疑问（句），be前行，如果你要问动作，whatdoing要记清。如：Im writing.(肯定句) Im not talking.(否定句) Are you eating?(一般疑问句) Yes, I am. What is she doing?(特殊疑问句) She is working.特点：现在进行时的句子里常有副词now或句前有Look! Listen!等祈使句；译成汉语时，常有“正在，”等词。如： What is Tom doing now? 汤坶现在在干什么？ Look! He is playing football.看！他正在踢足球。 Listen! Someone is singing in the next room.听！有人正在隔壁房子里唱歌一般现在时动词的第三人称单数形式1动词的第三人称单数指主语（名词或代词）是第三人称单数时，句子的谓语 动词需要加s/es(肯定句)。如：My father works in a shop. Danny lives in Canada. 但have的第三人称单数形式是has,而不是haves.2.主语是第三人称单数形式，句子变为疑问句或否定句时，要借助于助动词do 的第三人称单数形式does; 一般疑问句是句首加does; 否定句是在动词前面 加doesnt,但要注意由于助动词用了does,谓语动词要用原形。如： His aunt lives in Hebei. Does his aunt live in Hebei?(疑问句) She lives in Beijing. She doesnt live in Beijing. 含有动词do 的句子在变化时，一定别把do 丢了！例如：Li Ping does his homework in the eveing. 否定句为：Li Ping doesnt do his homework in the evening. 那么，疑问句怎么说呢？对了，应是：Does Li Ping do his homework in the evening?改错。1.Li Mings father work in a grocery store.2.My brother haves lunch in his factory every day.3.She dont go to school by bus.4.Do the cat like fish?5.Does a bird lives in the tree?7-8单元重点语句回顾1询问“几月几日”用Whats the date? 询问“星期几”用 What day is it today? 如：Whats the date today? Its October 19. What day is it today? Its Wednesday.2.询问“天气怎么样？”用 How is the weather?或Whats the weather like today? 表示天气的词常是由名词变化而来的形容词，其规律是在相对应的名 词后加y，注意有的要双写 N. adj. Sun sunny Rain rainy Snow snowy Wind windy Cloud cloudy3.“年月日星期”如何表示：What day is it tomorrow? Its Tuesday,October12.4.基数词变序数词顺口留： 基变序，有规律，一般词尾th; (sixsixth, sevenseventh) 一二三，特殊记，结尾字母tdd; (one-first,two-second,three-third) 八去t, 九去e, ve要用f来代替；eight-eighth,nine-ninth,five-fifth, twelve-twelfth) ty将y改为i,切记th前还有e; (twenty-twentieth,sixty-sixtieth) 几十（百）几也好记，只将个位改为序。（thirty-one-thirty-first, one hundred and fortyfour-one hundred and forty-fourth )5.看法不同：look,see,watch,read. Look是有意的，强调“看”的动作。单独使用时，用来引起对方的注意；如 果跟宾语，要和at 连用。如Look!She is singing. Look at the blackboard,please. See常强调“看”的结果，意为“看见、看到”如；How many birds can you see in the tree? Watch强调“专注地观看”有欣赏的意味，常用于看电视、看球赛等。如： Do you watch TV at night? Read指“看”时实指“阅读”，常用于看书、看报等。如： I like reading at home.6.时间介词巧记歌。In,on ,at年、月、季前需用in,(in 2008,in September, in spring) 遇到日期改用on, (on January 1, on Sunday) 上下午、晚上仍用in,(in the morning/afternoon/eveving) 若是某日上下午，只有用on才能行。（on the evening of TeachersDay） 中午、夜晚用at, (at noon, at night) 小时、分钟也适合。 （at two, at five twenty） 多说勤练牢牢记，学好英语很容易。7“许多”不同。Many, much, a lot of many与可数名词的复数形式连用。如：Tom doesnt have many books. Are there many people in the room? Much 是针对数量和程度而言，只能修饰不可数名词。如：He doesnt know much English. Is there much milk in the bottle? A lot of 是口语和书面语中最常用的用语，它既可以修饰可数名词（相当于many)，也可以修饰不可数名词（相当于much）,还可写成lots of, 如：I have a lot of (=many) good books. There is a lot of (=much) bread on the table. He has lots of (=a lot of ) friends. Many和much 经常用于疑问句和否定句中，a lot of 则常用在肯定句中。8“说”法不同 speak,talk,say,tell speak常用作不及物动词（后面不接名词或代词），强调“说”这个动作；作及物动词使用时，常以某种语言为宾语。如： The baby cant speak now. Do you speak English? Talk 一般用作不及物动词，着重指“交谈，谈论”，常与with,about,to等介词连用。如：His parents are talking with his English teacher. The students are talking about the film. Say着重说的内容，一般用作及物动词。如：Please say it in English . Lets go and say hello to him. He says, “I am from China.” Tell指“告述、讲述”，常用作及物动词。如：She is telling the children a story.她正给孩子们讲故事。可以用下面的口诀来区别它们：tell“谈”，say“内容”,speak“语言”可以用。 告诉”别人某件事， 使用tell记心中.9.同音词、反义词及对应词汇总。(1)同音词及字母：Bbee Csee Ieye Ooh Rare Ttea Uyou Ywhy fourfor pearpair knowno meatmeet two too (2)反义词及对应词：day-night open-close boy-girl up-down he-she his-her this-that these-those here-there white-black old-new big-small yes-no mum-dad happy-sad hot-cold warm-cool right-left big-small long-short tall-short in-out man-woman waiter-waitress good-bad old-young above-below far-near laugh-cry mother-father grandmother-grandfather brother-sister why-because north-south east-west