沪教英语五年级上册知识点整理.doc

2018学年第一学期五年级期末知识点整理班级_ 姓名_学号_I同音字1. to/two/too2. I/eye 3. write/ right 4. know/no 5. meet/meat6. here/ hear 7. buy/bye/by8. sun/son 9. see/sea/C 10. hi/high11. dear/deer12. where/wear13. some/sum14. four /for15. flower/flour16. our/hour17. pair/pear18. week/weak19. their/there20. aunt/arent21. eye/I22. B/be /bee23. whose/whos24. eight/ate25. red/read(过去式)26. tale/tail27. weight/wait28. weigh/way29. why/yII 音近、形近字整理1. nine, fine, five 2. night, right, fight, light3. cut, but, shut, bud4. your, you, youre 5. clean, close, clothes 6. hand, head, hard7. bad, bed8. some, son, sun, 9. blue, balloon,blow, bowl, bow 10. here, hear, hair11. three, tree 12. tall, ball, tail, four, hall 13. swim, swing, sing14. red, read(过去式) 15. kite, cat16. month, mouth, mouse, mice 17. big, pig, pink18. hold, old, cold 19. ant, and, end 20. rubber, rabbit, rubbish 21. now, new22. books, box 23. thin, thing, sing 24. white, write, ride 25. there, where26. green, grey27. work, walk28. twelve, twelfth, twenty29. every, very30. well, will31. laugh, love32. guess, guest33. feel, fell34. thirsty, thirty, thirteen35. full, fall. 36. dive, drive37. parent, present38. shirt , short, shorts39. sharp, shark, shall40. count/cant41. 7:15/7:45/8:1542. off/of43. quiet/quite44. round/loud/cloud45. path/pass /past 46. foot/food /fruit47. there/their/theyre48. sleepy/asleep49. cross/across50. different/difficultIII反义词/相对应词1.stand up-sit down2. open -close 3. turn on-turn off4. old-new/ young 5. thin- fat/hick6. full- hungry/empty7. short- tall/long8. man-woman 9. boy-girl10. white-black 11. small-big 12. here-there13. warm-cool14. hot-cold 15. happy-sad/unhappy 16. on-under 17.this-that (these-those)18. dirty/untidy-clean/tidy19. sharpblunt20. easy-difficult/hard21. the samedifferent22. fastslow/slowly23. topbottom24. outin25. highlow26. busyfree27. beautiful/pretty-ugly28.strongweak 29. brave-afraid/shy/scared30.early-late31.heavy-light 32.get up-go to bed 33.hate-love/like34.lucky-unlucky 35.luckily-unluckily36.strongly-gently 37.both-neither38.all-none39.too-either40.east-west41.south-north42.many-few43.much-little44.put on-take off45. safe-dangerous46.careful-careless47. finally-first48.begin/start-end/finish49. bring-take50.always-never51.push-pull52.smart-silly/foolish/stupid53.left-right54.correct/rightwrong55.near-far away56.get off-get on57.leave-stay58.sell-buy59.below-above60. get in-get out of61. e-goIV单词特殊变化A.复数1. 以s, x, sh, ch,结尾的单词，加es : 1.bus-buses , 2. box-boxes 3. fox-foxes 4. peach-peaches, 5. branch-branches2. 以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，去y变成ies ： 1. baby-babies 2. library-libraries 3. butterfly-butterflies3. 以f或fe 结尾的单词，去f或fe，变ves： 1. leaf-leaves 2. wolf-wolves 3. knife-knives 4. scarf-scarves4. 不规则变化:1. mouse-mice 2. sheep-sheep 3. fish-fish 4. deer-deer5.以o结尾的单词有生命的+es,无生命的+s，A: potatoes, tomatoes, mangoes, heroes, B:photos, pianos, radios6.不可数名词没有复数形式。单词后不能加s，前面也不能加a、an 如 paper, water, milk, jam, hair 等B. 形容词、副词比较级的变化规则(1) 一般在形容词或副词后面直接加er 变为比较级，加est 变为最高级。如：oldolder highhigher(2) 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，则双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er变为比较级，加 est 变为最高级。如：bigbiggerthinthinner (3) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，则将改y为 i 再加-er变为比较级，加 est 变为最高级。如：busybusier heavyheavier (4) 以字母 e 结尾的单词，直接加 r 变为比较级，加 st 变为最高级。如：largelargerfreefreer (5)多音节以及某些双音节形容词或副词变为比较级或最高级时，则通常在其前加more变为比较级，加 most变为最高级。如：importantmore importantdifficultmore difficult usefulmore useful不规则的比较级good /wellbetter bad/illworse manymorelittleless oldolder/elder farfarther/furtherC.基数词，序数词和日期表达1st first 2nd second3rd third 5th fifth 9th ninth 12th twelfth20th twentieth21st twenty-first44th forty-fourth99th ninety-ninth100th one hundredth101st one hundred and first5月1日 ：May the first/ the first of May (序数词前要加the )D.形容词转化为副词1.副词变化a. 直接+ly :quick-quickly strong-strongly slow-slowlysafe-safely careful-carefully beautiful-beautifully soft-softlyb. y结尾，变为ily :thirsty-thirstily heavy-heavily busy-busilyhungry-hungrily happy-happily lucky-luckilyc. 去e+lygentle-gently2. 注意事项：副词通常用来修饰动词或形容词Eg: In winter, the wind blows strongly.其中strongly是用来修饰动词blow的。My sister is good at singing. She can sing beautifully. 其中beautifully是用来修饰动词sing的。注：有些特殊的动词不能使用副词，而要使用形容词：（am, is, are, was, were）(感官动词smell, taste, sound, feel, touch) (表示变化turn, get, bee, grow)Eg: The wind is strong in winter. 这个句子中的动词是is因此只能使用形容词strong.In autumn, the leaves turn yellow and green.句子中的动词turn表示变化，因此只能使用形容词red和yellow.V字母的发音规律a/ei/cake, table, plate, Jane, make, face, take, make/jam, hand, fat, bad, sad, has, rabbit, ant, apple, cat, man,/a:/grass, glass, father, pass, fast, class, ask, bathroom/Want,watch, what e/i:/he, she, me, we, Peter, Eva, Chinese, Japanese/e/pen, ten, red, seven, Ken, yellow, hen i/a/kite, like, bicycle, Mike, nice /i/pig, big, pink, his, with, stick, chick, is, Jim, o/hold, photo, old, rose, open, go /Bonnie, dog, hot, shop, box, orange, office，songu/ju:/pupil, tube, music, tune/duck, Russ, run, sun, up, summerar/a:/car, park, garden, large, sharp, start, March特殊 ar/:/quarter, warmueoo/u:/blue, glueschool, moon, too,noodles, 特殊 oo/u/good, cook, foot, look, book, wood, woof, took, shookirurer/:/bird, first, third, thirsty, thirty, girl,purple, nursenerve, nervous, serve, service, her特殊 er (词尾)/ /quarter, teacher, waiteree/e-eea/i:/bee, meet, sleep, week, these, Chinese, Japanesepea, meat, weak, sea特殊 ea/e/head, bread, sweater, weather, breakfast /ei/break, great, steakeer ear/i /deer, beer, cheer, ear, hear, near, dear, tear特殊 ear/ e /pear, bear, wear易混淆ere/i /here/ e /where/ /were-i-ie/a/Bike, kite, pipe, time, like, pineapple, bitepie, tie, die, lie特殊 ie/i:/piece, thief, fieldoeoao/ -o-/toe, hoe, foecoat, goat, boat, go, old, those, nose, hole, post, poster, notice特殊 o/not, hot, stop, model/son, mother, brotheroyoi/ /boy, toy, joyoil, noise, noisy, voice特殊 io/ a /violinouow/ au /loud, round, found, count, mouse, mouthhow, now, cow, owl特殊 ow/ u /blow, grow, bowl, know特殊 ou/ /country, touch, roughayai/ e /hay, play, graysail, nail, tail, rain, paint常考辅音及辅音连缀ch/t/chicken, children, cheese/k/Christmas, chemical(化学的)b/b/bird, basket/Climb, b, thumb, tombk/k/kitchen, kick, cake/knock, knife, knight(骑士)c/k/cake, Canada/s/nice, price, nieceg/g/girl, good, ground/d /giraffe, orange, fridges/s/sister, smile, /z/rise, noise, noisyn/n/nose, thin/Think, thank, thing, sing, (n在k或g的前面)th/thin, think, than, Maths, month/ /this, that, these, those, with, smoothVI人称代词和物主代词人称代词（主格）第一人称第二人称第三人称单数Iyouhe, she, it复数weyouthey人称代词（宾格）第一人称第二人称第三人称单数meyouhim, her, it复数usyouthem注：动宾 give me, let us, send him介宾 about you, a picture of her, play with them物主代词（形容词性）第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myyourhis, her, its复数ouryourtheir（重要！背熟！）主格（人称代词）宾格形容词性物主代词(所有格)名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数Imemyminemyself二单youyouyouryoursyourself三单hehimhishishimself三单sheherherhersherself三单itititsitsitself第一人称复数weusouroursourselves二复youyouyouryoursyourselves三复theythemtheirtheirsthemselvesVII固定搭配和语法要点1. like to do eg, I like to swim this afternoon.would like to do eg: would like to do相当于want to do，其后不能加doinglike doing eg, I like swimming in the sea.2. hate to do eg, Most students hate to do any of their homeworkhate doing eg: I hate typing letters. Its boring.3. let sb do sth eg, Let them clean the classroom.let sb go doing sth. Let them go singing.4. want to do sth. eg, The princess wants to buy a pretty dresswant to be eg, She wants to be a cook.want sth eg, He wanted apples.5. like+可数名词（复数）eg, We like beautiful flowers.like+ 不可数名词（单数）eg, They like drinking water.6. be afraid of sth eg, They are afraid of spidersbe afraid of doing sth eg, She was afraid of watching horror movies.be afraid to do sth. eg, Im afraid to walk there, its too high.7. Be good at sthBe good at doing sth.8. different/count/How many/ two/like+可数名词（复数）9. some+可数名词（复数）eg, She has some potatoes in the kitchen.some在一般疑问句和否定句转换成any May I have some?在希望得到对方肯定回答时some不用变同理： Would you like some? DO you want some?10. Can,could, may,might, ought to, must, will,would shall, should +动词原形11. 助动词do, dont; does, doesnt; did, didnt+动词原形12. Will,be going to + 动词原形13. Make sb do sth. Let sb. do sth.14. there be就近原则15. 修饰something, anything, nothing的形容词应该放在此类词后，叫做形容词后置如： Her father wont let her do anything interesting. Something dangerous, nothing fun16. Whats this/that? 用Its 回答。What are these/those? 用Theyre回答。17. 球类名词前零冠词。Play football, play basketball. 三餐前零冠词 have breakfast /lunch/ dinner/supper季节前零冠词 in spring/summer/autumn/ winter西洋乐器前一定要加冠词the, play the piano, play the violin.江河湖海和山脉前要加the, the Yangtze River, the West Lake, the Yellow Mountain18. In the east/south/west/north19. on the farm, on the tree长树上, in the tree挂树上20. be full of sth装满，充满某物 The park is full of people. Those baskets are full of food. (动词看主语)21. feedwithMother Duck feeds her baby with some worms.stay with sb.play with sb.22. drive sb. away23. the Spring Festival, Childrens Day, National Day以festival结尾的节日加the,以day结尾的不加theFestival的节日前介词用at, Day的节日介词用on e.g. at the Mid-autumn Festival, on Childrens Day24. In the morning 泛指在早晨用in，在某一个特指的早晨用on： on a sunny morning25. In the school 在学校 at school 上课26. be late for schoola carnation/present for you27. exciting adj. (游戏、比赛等)令人刺激的The game is exciting. Excited. Adj. 感到刺激的 I feel so excited.28. The pair of shoes is nice.动词用什么形式取决于量词结构。The big bottles of juice are cheap.29. Ask sb. (not) to do sth让某人（别）做某事Tell sb (not) to do sth 告诉某人（别）做某事30. 1I go to school on foot.= I walk to school. 2I go to school by bike.=I ride a bike to school.3I go to Hong Kong by plane/air.=I take a plane to Hong Kong.= I fly to Hong Kong.4 I go to the cinema by taxi/bus/underground/= I take a/an taxi/bus/underground/to the cinema.31. finish doing sthenjoy doing sth.32. arrive in Beijing (大地方)， arrive at the swimming pool (小地方) reach Beijing（reach后直接跟地点）33. 问职业的两种方法：What is your father? What does your father do? What are you? What do you do?34. 问感觉的两种方法：How does the desk feel? How is the desk? How do you feel? How are you?35. 问价格的两种方法：How much are the potatoes? How much do the potatoes cost? How much is the fish? How much does the fish cost?36. 问频率（once，twice, three times, always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never）How often/How many times How often do you go to the cinema? How many times a month do you visit your grandparents?37. On ones way home， on ones way to school在某人回家、上学的路上On Kittys way home, she met a big bad wolf. On their way to school, they helped an old lady cross the road.38. Help sb do sth=help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth在什么方面帮助某人：Sunny helps Allen with his English.39. It takes sb. Some time to do sth. 花某人多少时间做某事，用it做形式主语。 It took Sandy two hours to do his homework.40. Sb. Spend some time on sth. 某人花费多少时间在某事上e.g. Mark spent one and half an hour on homework last weekends. Mark上周末花了一个半小时在作业上。41. Sb. Spend some time in doing sth. 某人花费多少时间做某事e.g. Mark spent one and half an hour in doing homework last weekends. Mark上周末花了一个半小时做作业。VIII改变句型五种句子类型1、 To be (am, is , are/was, were)2、 There be (there is /was, there are/were)3、 含有can, may must, should, will等情态动词的句型4、 To have (have, has, had)5、 To do (do原型, does单三, did过去式)四种时态一般现在时：表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态。We usually go to school at 7:30. Jack likes Chinese food very much.在句子中看到以下标志性词，通常使用一般现在时：everyday/week/year; often/always/usually/sometimes/never; on Sundays现在进行时：现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作或存在的状态。We are waiting for you.Listen! She is singing an English song.在句子中看到以下标志性词，通常使用现在进行时：look/listen/now; its 8:00; 对话状态，如-Where is your father? -Hes washing his car in the garden.一般过去时：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他；I was late yesterday.Mr. Smith bought a new car last week.在句子中看到以下标志性词，通常使用一般过去时：yesterday; just now; ten minutes/five years ago; last night/week/year; this morning一般将来时:一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常常和表示将来的时间状语连用。如：tomorrow（明天）， next week（下周 ）；in the future（将来）this ing Saturday, at once(立刻) 等。 一般将来时由助动词shall（第一人称），will（第二、三人称） 动词原形构成。美式英语则不管什么人称，一律用will。They will go for a summer camp next Sunday.Will Peter do his homework at once.My family wont go to Beijing tomorrow.反意疑问句和选择疑问句:反义疑问句表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。 反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。He looks unhappy, doesnt he?They work hard, dont they?He is kind to his classmates, isnt he?They will watch a football match, wont they?选择疑问句是指提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择的句式。以一般疑问句的结构形式为基础，只是在语调上有所区别。这一类选择疑问句通常都是在前一个供选择的答案用升调，后一个用降调；如果有两个以上供选择的答案，则在最后一个用降调，其余都用低升调。(to be) Is she a housewife or a nurse?(there be) Are there any oranges or tomatoes in the fridge?(can, may, must) Can you or Peter help the old lady cross the road?(to have) Has Alice got a cake or a pizza?(to do) Do you want to sing Chinese songs or English songs?(to do将来时)Will Sammy go to the park or go to the cinema?1.To be 句型改句Eg: He is nine years old.改否定句: He is not/isnt nine years old.改一般疑问句:Is he nine years old?改特殊疑问句（即划线部分提问）1Who is nine years old? 2How old is he?改一般过去时：He was nine years old.(Was he nine years old? How old was he?) 改反意疑问句：He is nine years old, isnt he?改选择疑问句：1 Is he nine or ten years old? 2 Is he or she nine years old?2.There be句型改句Eg: There are some chocolates in the box.改否定句There are not/arent any chocolates in the box.改一般疑问句Are there any chocolates in the box?改特殊疑问句（即划线部分提问）Whats in the box?改一般过去时：There were some chocolates i