新版译林9Aunit1-4-语法复习教案.doc

9A unit1—4Grammar Review
教师
张敏
学生姓名
陈雪洁
上课日期
2016—1-9
学科
英语
年级
初三
备课时间
2016/1/5—8
类型
一对一
学案主题

9A unit1—4 语法复习

排课时段
90分钟
教学目标
1. 连接词
2. 宾语从句
3. 定语从句
教学过程
9A unit1-4 语法复习
1. 连接词
1） and，but， or， so 的用法
And “和,又”表并列，顺承或增补。
But “但是" 表转折（however “然而，但是"， 连接句子得用“,”隔开）
or “或者” 表选择;也表示否则，不然
so “因此，所以” 表因果,常用来连接两个简单句
2）both… and…“两者都……"谓语动词用复数
Not only… but also…“不仅……而且……” 强调后者，就进
Either…or… “要么…。。要么……" 两者选一,就进
Neither…nor… “既不……也不……” 就进原则
2。 宾语从句
注意！宾语从句小口诀：
宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词;
主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;
主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时；
陈述句转化that引,一般疑问句用if/whether，
特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式.
1) 概念：在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语.
eg, He said he was good at drawing。 （动词宾语）
　　 He asks him how long Mike has been down . （动词宾语)
　　 Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语）
2）。连接词
(1) 。陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that，口语中常常省略。
e。g， She told me （that） she would like to go with us.
注意:that 不能省略的情况
A．当宾语从句的主语是that 时。
He says that that is a useful book.
B。 当宾语从句为主从复合句时
I’m afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it。
C。 当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时,除第一个从句中的that可以省略外,其余从句中的that都可以省略。
He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much。
（2）. 以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句， 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序
　　 eg， I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei .
注意:一般情况下,whether 和if 可以互用, 但有些情况例外.
a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if
　　 eg， We are talking about whether we’ll go on the pinic。
　　 b。 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时, 只用whether。
　　 eg， Please let me know what to do next.
　　 Could you tell me whether u go or not？
　　 c. if当如果讲时, 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether。
（3）。特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序.
E.g。 Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you？
特殊情况：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词＋do you think＋陈述句语序。
3).宾语从句时态
(1)。当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态.例如：
Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）？
(2）.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：
I didn’t know (if/whether he had seen the film。）
注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理,格言等,从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如:
He said （that the earth moves round the sun。)
The teacher told us (that light travels much faster than sound。）　
4）。 人称的变化和标点的使用
(1）.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：
“May I use your knife?”He asked me.
→He asked me if he might use my knife。
“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me。
→He asked me if I know her telephone number。
（2）。 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定.主句是陈述句，用句号;主句是疑问句，用问号。如：
Who will give us a talk？ I don’t know. →I don't know who will give us a talk。
Do you know？Where does he live？ →Do you know where he lives?
5） 宾语从句的转化
(1)。 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish,decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构.如:
She agreed that she could help me with my maths。
→She agreed to help me with my maths。
（2）。当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget， remember， decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时,主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。例如：
I don’t know which sweaterI should buy。→I don’t know which sweater to buy。
(3）。当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell， show， teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构.如:→Could you tell me how to get to the park?
（4）。 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如:
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground。
→She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground。
6). Exercise 1
3。 时间状语从句
1）. when、as、while引导的时间状语从句分析：
（1) when引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”,when既可以指时间段也可指时间点,从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词，且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。
注意体会如下例句：
I’ll call you when I get there。
When the wind blows， all the doors rattle。
He stopped trying, when he might have succeeded next time。
When I came home my wife was cooking dinner。
（2) while引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候"，它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行，用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中，主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词，
例如：
Study while you study； play while you play。
I met her while I was at school.
（3) as引导时间状语从句时表示“当……时,一边……一边……"，侧重表示两个动作同时发生（包括一个主语同时进行两个动作)，或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化.
例如：
He jumps as he goes along.
I slipped on the ice as I ran home。
I saw him as he was getting off the bus。
As the wind rose the noise increased。
(2）Exercise2
　2）。 before和after 引导的时间状语从句分析：
(1） before引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前，after引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。
例如：
See me before you leave.
Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test。
I saw them after I arrived.
I found his pen after he has left.
（2） Exercise 3
　3）。 till和 until 引导的时间状语从句分析：
（1） till和 until这两个词作连词和介词时的意义和用法相同，一般可以换用（放在句首时通常用until的形式，till在口语中更为常见）.till和 until引导时间状语从句时跟主句里肯定形式或否定形式的、表示延续性动作的谓语动词连用表示“到……为止”,跟主句里否定形式的、表示非延续性动作的谓语动词连用表示“直到……才(开始）”。
例如：
Walk till you come to a white house。
We didn’t discuss the problem until he came back。
(2） Exercise 4
4). since引导的时间状语从句分析:
（1)　since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从……以来”,其用法主要有两种：
现在完成时的主句+since引导的一般过去时态的时间状语从句。
例如：
He hasn't been home since he graduated。
They have been friends ever since they were in grade school。　　
(2） It be（主句中谓语用一般式和用完成式区别不大，后者更具强调意味）+表示一段时间的词汇+since引导的时间状语从句。
例如:
It is two years since I have become a postgraduate student。
It was three years since we had been there.
　　注意:since做介词时也表示“自从……以来"，其具体用法有两种情况：
　　(3） since+表示过去某个时间点的词汇（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点)。
例如:
They have been friends since childhood。
She's been skiing since childhood.
I have been there many times since the war。
(4） since+表示一段时间的词汇+ago.
　　例如：I have been here since five months ago.
(5) Exercise 5
5）。 before和until 辨析　把握住两者使用时本身的含义及主句动词是终止性的，还是延续性的，肯定式，还是否定式两大点，
（1）在下列情况下，两者可互换用,但含义略有不同。before表示“在……之前”的意思,强调时间先后关系；而until表示“直到……才”的意思，主句是肯定句则表示主句动作的终　　　止时间；主句是否定句则强调主句动作的起始时间。
A． .主句为否定式终止性谓语动词。常见的动词是open，start，leave，arrive，finish，　　stop等。例如:
a． The noise of the street didn’t stop until/before it was midnight.
b． The children won’t come back until/before it is dark。
c. I didn’t leave the lovely boy until/before his mother came home.
B。主句为肯定式、延续性谓语词,这类动词用stand，stay,talk,be，wait等.例如:
A． He lived with his parents until/before he graduated from school。
B． I will wait until/before he comes to my help。
C． I shall stay here until/before you come back。
（2)在下列情况下，用before不用until.
A。主句这肯定式、终止性谓语动词，只用before。例：
a. He fell asleep before I could take off his clothes.
b. We arrived there before it started to rain。
c。 The holiday came to the end before I knew it。
d。 He almost knocked me down before he saw me.
B。 。主句谓语动词强调动词的迟缓性，只用before,常伴有时间段状语或时间段暗示。例：
a。 It was quite some time before he found the elephant at all。
b. We had walked a long way before we found some water。
c. We had sailed for two days before we saw the land.
d。 The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters couldcontrol it。　　　
e. It was midnight before my brother came home。
f。 It was three months before they met again。
C. .如果强调从句谓语动作未发生,就发生主句谓语动作，只用before.常译为“未及”，“不”或“不等……就”.例：
a。 We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot。
b。 I must write it down before I forget it.
c. We do want to buy something now before prices go up.
D。表“与其说……倒不如”,“与其……毋宁……”只用before。例：
a. I would give up my job before I’d agree to be dismissed。
b。 He will die of hunger before he will steal。
E。在某些特定句型中用before.例如：
a。 It was not long before the whole country rose up.
b。 It will probably not be long before they understand each other.
3） 下列情况一般区别用until。
A.主句是持续性谓语动词时，肯定、否定都可以，但意义完全不同。肯定表动作终止,而否定表动作开始。例如：
a. We discussed the problem until/before he came back
。我们一直讨论到他回来.
b。 We didn’t discuss the problem until he came back。
我们一直等到他回来后才讨论问题.
B。 。not…until句型尽管在某些情况下可与before互换用,但在强调句中一般仍用until.
a。 It was not until he told me that I knew it.
b. It was not until he finished his homework that he went home.

备注
课堂作业
巩固练习
一． 宾语从句（exercise1）
1。 Some of my friends are interesting in science， but none of them can tell _______. 。
A. when UFOs will appear next time B. why do horses know the way
C. where was this kind of plant found D. how do elephants communicate
2。 —-—What time will Mr。 Brown be back to China？
-———Sorry。 I don’t know _______。 。
A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroad
C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad
3。 —-—May I come in ? I’m sorry I am late.
——-—Come in, please. But could you please tell me _______。 ？
A。 why you are late again B. what were you doing then
C。 who you talked with D. how do you come to school
4. -—-Could you please tell me _______。 ？
-—-—Bus No。32 will take you right there.
A。 where is HenanMuseum B. what HenanMuseum is like
C。 how can I get to HenanMuseum D. which bus I shall take to HenanMuseum
5。 Peter says that the Whites are on holiday， but no one knows _______。 。
A。 where they have been B. where are they
C. where are they from D. where they have gone
6. ---Do you know _______。 the CapitalMuseum？ —-—Next Friday.
A。 when will they visit B。 when they will visit
C。 when did they visit D。 when they visited
7. He wanted to know _______。the English party。
A。 when will we have B. when we will have
C. when would we have D。 when we would have
8。 I want to know _______。 。
A. when we should arrive at the airport B。 when should we arrive at the airport
C。 when the airport we should arrive at D。 when the airport should we arrive at
9。——-David, look at the man in white over there。 Can you tell me _______。 ？
-———He is a doctor.
A。 who is he B. who he is C。 what is he D. what he is
10。 ———Could you tell me _______. ？ He is wanted by the head teacher。
———Sorry, I've no idea。 But he _______ here just now。
A。 where Tim； was B。 where is Tim; was C. where Tim is； was D. where Tim is; is
11。 —-—Did Mrs。 King leave a message?
-—-Yes。 She wanted to know _______ this Sunday。
A。 who you would go shopping B。 if you would go shopping with her
C。 that you will go shopping D. when will you go shopping with her
12。--—I’m a teenager's mother。 Sometimes I don’t know 。
-—-—Love and understanding。
A. what my son needs most B。 what does my son want to get
C. why my son gets annoyed very often D。 why does my son get annoyed very often.
13。 ---I wonder _______. without water ———-About a week。
A。 how long man can live B。 how long can man live
C. when man can live D. when can man live
点击中考参考答案
1.参考答案A。 我的一些朋友对自然科学感兴趣，但他们谁也讲不出下次不明飞行物出现的时间。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
2。 参考答案 D. 布朗先生什么时候回中国？抱歉.我不知道他会在国外待多久。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
3。 参考答案A。 我可以进来吗？很抱歉我迟到了。请进，但请你告诉我为什么又迟到了吗?宾语从句应该用陈述语序.
4. 参考答案 D。 你能告诉我怎样到河南博物馆（我坐几路车能到河南博物馆）吗？宾语从句应该用陈述语序.
5. 参考答案D。 彼得说怀特一家正在度假，但没有人知道他们去了哪里.宾语从句应该用陈述语序。They have been to他们去过某个地方，现在已经回来了;they have gone to他们去了某个地方,现在还没有回来。
6. 参考答案B。 你知道他们什么时候参观首都博物馆吗？下周五.宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
7。 参考答案D。 你想知道我们什么时候举办英语联欢会.当主句是一般过去时态的时候，宾语从句用相应的过去时态,宾语从句应该用陈述语序.
8。 参考答案A。 我想知道我们应该什么时候到达机场。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
9。 参考答案D。 David，看那边那个穿白衣服的人，你能告诉我他是干什么的吗?他是医生。询问职业用what；宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
10。 参考答案C。 你能告诉我蒂姆在哪里吗?班主任在找他。对不起，我不知道.但是他刚才在这里。动词tell后接的宾从应用陈述语序，just now提示应该用was。
11. 参考答案B. 金太太留口信了吗?是的，她想知道这个周日你是否跟她一起去购物。
12. 参考答案A。 我是一个青少年的妈妈.有时我不知道我的儿子最需要什么。爱和理解。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。Love and understanding。故用what.
13. 参考答案A。 我想知道,没有水人能活多久。大约一周.About a week知询问应用how long，宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
二． 定语从句
Exercise2：
［1］ I had just steeped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ____ I heard the steps。
A. while B。 when C。 since D. after
　　［2］ He was about halfway through his meal ____ a familiar voice came to his ears。
A。 why B。 where C。 when D. while
　　[3] We were swimming in the lake____ suddenly the storm started。
A。 when B。 while C。 until D. before
　　［4］ - I’m going to the post office.
　— ____ you're there, can you get me some stamps？
A. As B. While C。 Because D。 If
　　［5］ I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ____.
A. went； was occurring B。 went； occurred
C. was going； occurred D。 was going; had occurred
Exercise3
[6］ He was told that it would be at least three more months ____ he could recover and return to work。
A. when B。 before C. since D。 that
　[7] It was some time ____ we realized the truth.
A。 when B。 until C。 since D。 before
Exercise 4
　［8］ It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____ we’ve actually had that lesson。
　　A. until B。 after C。 since D。 when
［9］ A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners' curiosity ____ he reaches the end of the story.
　　A. when B。 unless C. after D。 until
［10］ I don't really work here； I ____ until the new secretary arrives。
　　A. just help out B。 have just helped out
　　C。 am just helping out D。 will just help out
Exercise 5
［11] They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai。
　　A. have made B。 have become C. have been D。 have turned
　［12］ — What was the party like?
　　— Wonderful. It's been 2 years ____ I enjoyed myself so much。
　　A。 after B。 before C。 when D. since
Exercise 6
[1]。He will spend six hours at his desk____he finishes his composition。
　　　A.before　　　　　B。until　　　　　C。after　　　　　D。when
[2]。The bike hit the tree____I could get off.
　　　A.when　　　　　　B。before　　　　 C。while　　　　　D。until
[3].I knocked at the door for more than five minutes____Mrs white answered it.
　　　A。until　　　　　 B.when　　　　　 C.after　　　　　D.before
［4］。It was____yesterday____be____the secret。
　　　A.not until；that；knew　　　　　　B。until；when；knew
　　　C。not before;that；found　　　　　D。before；that；didn’t find
　综上所述,前面的4条选择题中，第1、3题强调动作发生的迟缓性应选before.第2题表动作未及发生就发生主句动作也应选before.第4题为强调句应选A项.

课后作业
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本节课教学计划完成情况：照常完成□ 提前完成□ 延后完成□ ____________________________
学生的接受程度： 5 4 3 2 1 ______________________________
学生的课堂表现:很积极□比较积极□ 一般积极□ 不积极□ ___________________________
学生上次作业完成情况： 优□ 良□ 中□ 差□ 存在问题 _____________________________
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