人教版八年级英语下册各单元知识点汇总.doc

八年级英语下册各单元知识点汇总Unit 1 Whats the matter?一、基础知识1、 What s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】matter/ mt(r) /n、问题；事情 What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you? 您怎么了？【注】： matter 与trouble 为名词， 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 就是adj、 不能加the【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时， 与介词with连用。即： Whats the matter with sb、? = Whats your trouble? = Whats up? = What happens to sb、? Whats the matter with you ? I have a bad cold、2、 I had a cold、我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼3、 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新得复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛4、 much too+ 形容词，意为 太、 ，too much+名词，意为 很多，大量 。5、 enough【形容、副词】足够得/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足够好，enough money=much money6、 lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied7、 maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right、may be，就是情态动词+be得结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry、sound like+名词代词与从句：It sounds like you dont know the truth、 It sounds like a good idea、 sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice、9、 need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物； need to do sth、需要做某事，主语通常就是人，表示人主动得动作：You need to listen carefully during class、 need doing sth、主语通常就是物，表示被动得动作：Your dirty clothes need washing、10、 get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车11、 agree 同意，赞同； agree with sth、 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea、 agree to sb、 同意某人得意见 如：I agree to LiLei、12、 trouble问题，麻烦 ；be in trouble遇到麻烦，make trouble 制造麻烦 ，have trouble (in) doing sth、 =have difficulties (in) doing sth做、有麻烦。 13、 right away=right now=at once，意为 马上 。14、 advice 不可数名词劝告，建议，向征求意见， give sb、 advice on sth、就某事给某人建议； advise 动词 advise sb、 to do sth、 建议某人做某事 advise sb、 doing sth、【复习】exercise 练习、锻炼当exercise意为“练习”时，为可数名词 即可加s当exercise意为“锻炼”时，为不可数名词 即不加s16、 hurt 及物动词，使疼痛，受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising、 不及物动词，（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly、clean 【动词】打扫，clean the classroom打扫教室，【形容词】 干净得 ，cleaner意为 清洁工 。18、 hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone、 hit sb、 on the head/ nose/ back打某人得头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬得部位； hit sb、 in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人得脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软得部位。 be used to sth、/ doing sth、习惯于、适应了、做某事，强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life、 Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning、 get/ become used to sth、/ doing sth、 “变得习惯，逐渐适应”强调过程、动作： Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit、20、 【复习】free 形容词空闲得free time；免费得the drink is for free；自由得I want to become a free bird、 free【动词】使解脱，得到自由：He could not free his arm、run out用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life、物sth、 run out、 某物用尽了。 人sb、 run out of sth、 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night、22、 risk (sb、) to do sth、 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险 23、 the importance of (doing) sth、（做）某事得重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English、 importance n、 重要（性）， important adj、重要得，unimportant adj、不重要得decision 【名词】决定；抉择； make a decision 做决定 ;make a decision to do sth、= decide to do sth、 。25、 be in the control of 掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school、 be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中26、 【复习】mind意为 介意 ，mind doing sth、 介意做某事 , Would you mind my opening the window?27、 give up (doing) sth、 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；give up后可接名词、代词与动词ing形式，也可不接，如: Never give up easily、二、重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意与它所指得相应得对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。数 人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself herself itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法】1、 可用作宾语，指得就是宾语与主语表示同一个或同一些得人或事物。 如：Maria bought herself a scarf、 We must look after ourselves very well、 2、 可用作表语，指得就是表语与主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。 如： She isnt quite herself today、 3、 可用作主语或宾语得同位语，常用来加强语气。如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow、 I met the writer himself last week、 4、 用在某些固定短语当中。look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth、/ learn sth、 by oneself自学enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快 help oneself to sth 请自用（随便吃/喝些）、 hurt oneself摔伤自己 say to oneself自言自语 leave sb、 by oneself把某人单独留下 buy oneself sth、给自己买东西 introduce oneself 介绍自己【提醒】1、 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语得同位语，起强调作用。 如：我自己能完成作业。（误）Myself can finish my homework、 (正) I myself can finish my homework、 / I can finish my homework myself、2、 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人得东西”，因为它没有所有格得形式。表达“某人自己得（东西）”时，须要用ones own、 如：我用我自己得蜡笔画画。（误）Im drawing with myself crayons、 (正) Im drawing with my own crayons、Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks一、基本知识点1、 sick 生病得，有病得；可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick、 也可作定语a sick child 【区别ill】ill与sick同义；但就是只在句中做表语，不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill、2、 cheer (sb、) up（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class、3、 give out分发；散发，相当于hand out，The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers、 give sth、 out to sb、 意为 把某物分发给某人 。4、 volunteer 【名词】志愿者 【动词】义务做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth、 自愿做某事 ， The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program、5、 used to do sth、过去/曾经(常)做某事，表示过去得习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。 There used to be a cinema here、 这里曾有一个照相机。 They told me stories about the past and how things used to be、 她们告诉我关于这里过去得故事。 6、 alone 【形容词】独自一人得，无感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself、 lonely （感到）孤独寂寞得，带有很强得感情色彩，可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonely now、7、 care for sb、/sth、照顾；照料 care 【名词】小心，关心take care of=look after 【动词】care about sb、/sth、关心，在意某人/事 【形容词】careful 仔细得 / careless 粗心得 【副词】carefully 仔细地 8、 such “这样得，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词 such+ a/ an+形容词+单数名词：such a good day 多么美好得一天 /such an exciting match 多么 精彩得比赛 such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：such important decisions 多么重要得建议 such delicious food 多么美味得食物 如果名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time9、 try out for参加选拔，争取成为Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year、try out试用，试验10、 journey 【名词】（尤指长途）旅行，行程；trip【名词】多指短途旅行；travel【名词、动词】travel around the world 【名词】traveler旅行者11、【复习】be busy with sth、 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing sth、 忙于（做）什么事情 12、【复习】try doing sth、 试着去做某事 try to do sth、 尽力去做某事 try ones best (to do sth、) 尽某人最大得努力去做某事 13、【复习】be worried about sb、/ sth、 = worry about sb、/ sth、 担心某人、某事 14、 raise money集资，筹钱；raise money for为筹钱 raise【动词】举起；提高；募集15、 keep【动词】keep+名词，保留（某物）；keep+形容词，保持16、【形容词】broken破损得，出毛病得；blind瞎得，失明得；deaf聋得；disabled有残疾得，丧失能力得；在句中做定语与表语。make it possible (for sb、) to do sth、使（某人）做某事成为可能，You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky、 make it +形容词(+for sb、) to do sth、 使（某人）做某事成为； think/find it +形容词to do sth、 18、 make a difference to对有影响；对有作用，difference前可以用no, any, some, much等修饰，如The rain made no difference to the game、 Hard-working makes much difference to study、19、 difficulty【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义得“困难”时为不可数；表示具体得“难题、难事”时为可数；have difficulty (in) doing sth、= have trouble (in) doing sth、 做某事有困难 20、 train【动词】训练，trained为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练得”a trained dog21、 be excited about sth、 对某事感到兴奋 ，Everyone is excited about the good news、 【复习】excited意为 兴奋得，修饰人；exciting意为 令人兴奋/激动得，修饰物。22、 order【名词】命令，指示；顺序，次序【动词】订购；点（菜）follow the order。23、 change【动词】变化，改变Its hard for a person to change his life(style)、 【名词】变化；零钱 change A for B用A换成B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB、repair 【动词】修理，修补； fix【动词】安装；使固定 【fix up修理=repair】 Unit3 Could you please clean your room?Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得，您能把垃圾倒了吗？Could you please do sth ?请您（做）、好吗？ 用于提出请求，希望得到对方得肯定回答，说话得语气比较客气委婉。Could 不就是can得过去式，就是委婉、礼貌得说法。回答用can、【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure、/ Of course、/ Certainly、/No problem、 否定回答： Sorry , I cant2、take out 取出（v+ adv） 【注】: 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间；跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边His teeth hurt badly、 The dentist take them out 、【短语】take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走，取走 take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下； 起飞3、 Can you do the dishes、？那您可以洗盘子吗？ do the dishes 洗碗 【结构1】do the +名词： do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服 【结构2】do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生 【结构3】do ones + 名词 do ones housework/ homework 做家务/家庭作业 【结构4】do some +动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少让我瞧完这个节目可以吗？1】Could I do a sth? 我可以做、吗？用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。 Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?2】at least 至少，多指数量或程度上得最低限度。(反) at most 至少，不超过Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school、3】finish v 结束；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事 5、I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得您瞧两个小时得电视已经足够了。1】two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 作形容词足够得，充分得（在句中作定语或表语）【解析2】enough I dont have enough money with me、作 副词 足够；充分（放在形容词；副词后）The river is deep enough for swimming、 【注意】enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。 6、【解析】take out 拿出；取出take 得用法：拿；取 Please take some books to the classroom、吃；喝；服用 Take this medicine three times a day、乘（车；船等）take They usually take the bus to work、花费（时间；金钱） It takes me two hours to do my homework every day、【拓展】take 构成得短语：take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱下；起飞 take up 占据 take down 拿下 take ones time 不急；慢慢来 take ones temperature 量体温7、【解析1】the minute = as soon as “一、 就、” Please write to me the minute you get there、【解析2】 in front ofin front of 指在物体外部得前面 There is a bike in front of the classroom、in the front of 【辨析】 指在物体内部得前面 Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom 【注意】有the无the区别大： at table 吃饭；进餐 in hospital 住院at the tabel 在桌边 in the hospital 在医院（不一定瞧病）【解析3】come over 过来 【拓展】 come 短语：come across（偶然）发现 come back 回来 come up with想出 come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来 7、 all the time = always 一直；总就是 8、！ 【解析】as、as 、 与、一样、9、 For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I、 一周得时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语） 也不” neither两者都不neither nor 既不也不,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 表达“也不” 则用 “Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主” The first one wasnt bad、 Neither was the second、 10、 The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy、 第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语【注】find found found v寻找 (1) find sb、 doing sth 发现某人做某事 (2) find it + adj、 + to do sth 发现做某事很find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难 She found _it_ hard to finish the work by herself、 11、 She asked in surprise、她吃惊地问道。【解析】in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地surprise v 使吃惊surprising adj、 令人吃惊得 surprised adj、 吃惊得 to ones surprise 使某人吃惊得就是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对感到吃惊To my surprise_(使我吃惊得就是）12、 【解析1】need v 需要用于肯定句，就是实义动词。(1)人做主语，sb、 need to do sth 某人需要做某事(2)物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done用于否定句或疑问句，就是情态动词(1)neednt = dont have to 没有必要(2)need ,must 引导得一般疑问句，肯定会得用must,否定回答用neednt Must I go there now? Yes，you must/No, you neednt【解析2】share 分享；共用 share sth 分享或共用某物 share sth with sb、 与某人分享某物 13【解析】hang out 闲逛 hang up 把、悬挂/挂起14、【解析】pass v 给；递；走过；通过 pass sb、sth 把某物递给某 Pass on 传递 v 通过；路过 I pass your home、 v 通过（考试） ；及格 Tom can pass his math exam、15、【解析】borrow /lend/keep(1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】borrow sth from sb、 从某人那里借某物 You can borrow the book from the library、(2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesnt want to lend his book to others、 (3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间得状语连用）【指借一段时间】16、【解析】try (not) to do sth努力（不）做某事。 try v 试图，设法，努力 【拓展】 (1)try on 试穿 (2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】 (3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】(4)try ones best to do sth= do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事17、 I hate to do chores、 我讨厌做家务。hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。 I hate to trouble him、 hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。 She hates smoking in her room、 18、【解析】ask sb、 to do sth 要求某人做某事。 ask for 请求，要某物 ask sb、 about sth 向某人询问关于某事 (1)ask sb、 for help 向某人请求帮助 (2) ask sb、 (not) to do sth请求某人做某事ask构成得短语：短语含义ask sb、 to do sth请某人做某事ask sb、 not to do sth不让某人做某事ask sb for sth 向某人要某物ask for help 寻求帮助19、I【解析1】finish doing sth 完成某事 Can you finish _reading_ these books before 10 oclock? Yes, I can、【解析2】while conj、 “在期间； 当得时候”While 引导得时间状语从句得谓语动词只能就是延续动词。_【解析3】help sb、 with sth、 在某事上帮助某人。【注】help v 帮助 helpful adj、 有帮助得(1)help sb、 do sth、 =help sb、 with sth、 帮助某人做某事(2)with the help of sb、=with ones help在某人得帮助之下(3)without the help of 没有在得帮助之下20【解析】invite sb、 to Sp、 邀请某人去某地【解析】invite v invitation n邀请(1) invite sb、 to do sth 邀请某人做某事(2)invite sb、 to +地点 邀请某人去某地21、【解析】make sb、 do sth 让某人做某事make made made v、 做， 制作， 使得(1) make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物” make you happy (2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh、22、【解析】have time to do sth、有时间做某事have time =be free 有空23【解析】a waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱waste v “浪费” waste time/money on sth waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱24【解析1】spend、 on sth 在某事上花费、 spend/pay/cost/take 花费(1)spendspentspent v 花费,主语就是人 sb、+ spend +时间/钱+on sth sb、 +spend +时间/钱+（in） doing sthspend on= pay for 支付(2) pay paid paid v 支付，主语就是人 sb、+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book、 How much did you _pay_ for this computer? Five hundred dollars、(3) cost cost cost v 花费，主语就是某物或某事 sth cost sb、 +钱 某物花费某人多少钱 A new computer costs me a lot of money、 I bought a new sweater last weekend、 It _cost_ me 120 yuan、(4)taketook taken v 花费It takes /took sb、 some time to do sth、 做某事花费某人多长时间It takes him 3 hours to do his homework、【解析2】in order to “目得就是；为了” 后接动词原形。 in order to do sth 为了做某事He ran quickly in order not _to be_ late for the meeting、【解析3】get into =enter 进入【拓展】与get相关得短语：get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服 get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get