语法填空题做题技巧doc资料.doc

语法填空题做题技巧一、 分清词性和句子分类。（1）十大词类：实 词汉语名称英语名称用途例词句法作用名词n.（noun）表示人或事物的名称boy, book, table, man主、表、宾、补、定、同代词pron.（pronoun）代替名词、形容词或数词I, you, it, we, their主、表、补、定、同数词num.（numeral）表示数量和顺序one, two, twenty, third, fifth主、表、宾、定、同动词v.（verb）表示动作或状态work, works, working, worked, to work主、谓、表、宾、补、定、状形容词adj.（adjective）修饰名词，表示人、物的特征red, long, old, good表、定、宾补副词adv.（adverb）修饰动词、形容词或其他副词here, very, often, weekly表、状虚 词冠词art.（article）用在名词前，说明名词指的人、物a （an）, the介词prep.（preposition）表示名词、代词等与其它词的关系in, after, under, on连词conj.（conjunction）连接词与词、短语和短语、句子和句子and, if, but, because感叹词interj.（interjection）表示说话时的感情或口气oh, er, ough, um，ouch（2）八大句子成分：句子成分：组成英语句子的各个部分，叫做句子成分。英语的句子最多由八个句子成分组成，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语以及同位语。主语： 概念：句子的主体，发出动作的人或物，表示所说的是谁或是什么。位置：主语一般在句首，特殊句型中在句末。构成：由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当。例：Henry is a good boy.亨利是个好孩子。He ran away.他跑掉了。To learn a foreign language is not easy.学习一门外语不容易。Driving to Beijing is not difficult.开车去北京不难。What has happened proves that our policy is right. 发生的一切证明我们的政策是对的。Whether well go depends on the weather. 我们是否去要看天气。谓语：概念：说明主语的动作、特征、状态等的句子成分，叫做谓语。位置：谓语动词通常位于主语之后，特殊句型位于主语之前。构成：由动词或动词短语充当。例如：We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们周一至周五上学。I went to the zoo yesterday.昨天我去了动物园。Some children asked for cold drinks. 有些孩子要喝冷饮。 I shall go to see him tomorrow. 明天我要去看他。 I must ask her to teach me to swim. 我一定得请她教我游泳。We looked for Mr. Wilson yesterday.我们昨天找过威尔逊先生。He took part in the meeting last Saturday.他上周六参加了会议。宾语：概念：动词宾语是动作的承受者。及物动词以及相当于及物动词的短语后都必须带宾语。介词之后的宾语叫介词宾语。位置：动词宾语位于及物动词之后；介词宾语位于介词之后。构成：名词、名词化的形容词、代词、数词、-ing形式、动词不定式和从句等均可作宾语。例如：The teacher asked the students to finish the homework after class.老师让学生们课下完成作业。He wanted to buy that T-shirt.他想买那件T恤衫。They are having a party in the garden.他们正在花园里开聚会。I dont know when they will arrive.我不知道他们何时到达。双宾语：英语中，有些及物动词可以接两个宾语，动作的承受者，即指物的叫做直接宾语，动作是为谁做的或是对谁做的，即指人的叫做间接宾语，这两个宾语称为“双宾语”。例：Pass me the salt, please. 把盐递给我。the salt（直接宾语）， me（间接宾语）They asked me to sing them a song. 他们要我给他们唱一支歌。a song（直接宾语）， them（间接宾语）。间接宾语后置：间接宾语也可以放在直接宾语的后面，这时候需要在间接宾语之前分别加两个介词：for或to.具体用哪一个介词，主要取决于句子的谓语动词。例：Ill lend you something to read. Ill lend something to read to you. 我要借点什么东西给你看。I hope you will do me a favor. I hope you will do a favor for me.我希望你能帮我做一件事。以下这类双宾语动词如果间接宾语后置，要求在间接宾语之前加“to” 。give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, pay, throw, allow, wish, teach, promise, award, accord, grant, owe, refuse, deny等。以下这类双宾语动词如果间接宾语后置，要求在间接宾语之前加“for” 。make, buy, do, fetch, get, paint, play, save, reserve, spare, order, cook, sing, find等。双宾语的注意事项 在下面情况下用to或for引起的短语比用间接宾语好1. 当直接宾语是人称代词时Ill send it to you tomorrow. 比较（Ill send you the book.） 我明天给你送来。This book is Mr. Wangs. Please give it to him. 这是王先生的书，请给他。2. 当间接宾语比直接宾语长时We are going to sing some songs for our friends. 比较（Sing us a song.）我们将为我们的朋友唱支歌。On the bus, she often gives her seat to the old person. 在公共汽车上，她经常给老年人让座。3. 当间接宾语受到强调时Bring the letter to me, not to Henry. 把信交给我，不是给亨利。Wed better hand the documents to him directly. 我们最好把文件直接交给他。Mother cooks meals for us every day.母亲每天都给我们做饭。宾语补足语：概念：用以补充说明宾语，并与宾语一起构成复合宾语的句子成分，叫做宾语补足语。英语中有些及物动词接了宾语之后还需接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况，否则句子意思就不完整。位置：通常情况位于宾语之后。构成：可以做宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、分词以及介词短语等。例：You must keep the room clean and tidy.你必须保持房间干净和整洁。People saw him running away.人们看到他跑了。Dont leave your car there. Its not a parking area.别把你的车停在那儿，那不是停车场。Let me put this bag on the desk.让我把这个包放在桌子上。宾语补足语和宾语的关系: 由于宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明，因此，与宾语或是逻辑上的主谓关系，或是逻辑上的主表关系。如：He made us laugh.他使我们哈哈大笑。表语：概念：用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态等的句子成分，是表语。位置：位于联系动词之后，与联系动词构成复合谓语。构成：可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、分词短语以及从句等。联系动词（Link verb）：连接主语和表语的动词是联系动词。常用的联系动词有be, keep, remain , stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, feel，look, smell, sound, taste, seem等。be动词（am, is, are, was, were, have been）是最常用的表达状态的联系动词；其他联系动词如：become成为，turn变成,go变。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系，表语多为形容词或副词，不可能是宾语。当联系动词不是be，而其后是名词和代词时，多表达“转变为”之意，注意与动宾关系的区别。 感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 例如：Africa is a big continent.非洲是个大洲。That remains a puzzle to me. 这对我还是个难题。That computer is mine. 那台电脑是我的。I feel much better today. 我今天感觉好多了。Her job is selling computers. 她的工作是销售电脑。The patient is out of danger. 病人脱险了。I must be off now. 现在我得走了。This is what he said.这就是他所说的话。定语：概念：是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子的句子成分，汉语中常用“的”表示。位置：定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。定语后置情况：定语修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词（如：something、nothing）时，通常后置，即放在所修饰的词的后面。当不定式、分词短语作定语或从句作定语时，定语通常后置。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。构成：充当定语的词有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、动名词、分词（短语）以及从句。例：I still got much work to do.我还有很多工作要做。My father told me to study hard.我父亲告诉我要努力学习。The woman in the blue coat is my mother.那个穿蓝色外套的人是我妈妈。What a sunny day! 多晴朗的天！Its about ten minutes walk from here.距这里大约步行十分钟。The boy you will know is Tom. 你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。状语：概念：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的句子成分，称为状语。状语用来说明动作发生或存在的时间、地点、条件、让步、原因、方式、程度、目的、结果等。位置：状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。地点状语一般须在时间状语之前。一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。构成：可用作状语的有副词、动词不定式（短语）、分词短语、介词短语、名词以及从句等。例：The boy really needs a pen.男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）You should often do exercise if you want to keep fit. 若想健美，你就应该经常锻炼。（频率状语）David runs very fast.戴维跑得非常快。（时间状语）He came to see me yesterday.他昨天来看我。（目的状语）She often works in her office till midnight.她经常在办公室工作到半夜。（地点状语）同位语：概念：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列另一个名词或代词，对前者加以解释或说明的句子成分。它近乎于后置定语，对前面的名词或代词作进一步的解释说明的作用，说明前面的词是“谁”、是“什么”等。位置：位于所补充说明的词之前或之后。构成：同位语通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担当。同位语与定语的区别：同位语是对前面的名词或代词作进一步的解释、说明的作用，说明前面的词是“谁”、是“什么”等；而定语则是对被修饰的词起限制或修饰的作用。二、 语法填空题：给提示词词性转换以加后缀为主：名词后缀、形容词后缀、动词后缀、副词后缀、数词后缀动词时态、语态、语气、情态动词、不定式、-ing形式、过去分词名词数、格形容词比较级、最高级副词比较级、最高级不给提示词连词从属连词、并列连词代词人称、非人称(it)、物主、反身、相互、指示、疑问、关系、连接、不定介词简单、合成、成语冠词定冠词、不定冠词副词疑问、连接、关系、时间、地点、方式、程度、句子、承接语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以先进行填写。在读懂短文的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，逐题解答。下面按题型设计分三种情况： 一、纯空格试题的解题技巧 纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词。 首先，分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。共有以下7个技巧：技巧1：在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。 例1：I cant send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _1_ gets there almost in a second. 技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等），很可能是填限定词。 例2：It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help_2_ rice crop grow up quickly. 技巧3：名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面，一定是填介词。 例3：who should have the honour of receiving me _3_ a guest in their house. 技巧4: 若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。 例4：two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso 4 Cabdido Poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars. 技巧5：若两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词（连接并列的句子）或从属连词（连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句）。 例5：The greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini _5 _died in 1926. 例6：He was very tired after doing thus foe a whole day, _6_he felt very happy. 技巧6: 由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。 (1) 由it is that 强调结构的形式，判断it 还是that。判断方法：去掉it is that结构，句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。 (2) 由it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格是否填it. 例7：and _7_ was only after I heard she become sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精). 例8： as _8_ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two words-famous artists. 例9：Dating sites also makes_9_ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (3) 在倒装句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, notuntil等词。 例10：_10_ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. (4) so / such that句型 例11：This made the goat so jealous _11_ it began plotting against the donkey. (5) more than(与其说不如说，比更)句型。 例12：Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _12_ how much he pays. 二、给出了动词的试题解题技巧 首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考。技巧7：若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。 例13：When I die, I 13 (give) everything to you. 例14：That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 14 _(close) my book and walked away. 例15：In Loganm three people _15_ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. 例16：Being too anxious to help an event develop often 16 (result) the contrary to our intention. 例17：Now, Valentines Day is 17 (celebrate) in many countries around the world. 技巧8: 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v-ing形式，-ed形式，还是不定式，确定的方法主要有： (1) 作主语或宾语，通常用v-ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。 例18：but it is not enough only _18 _(memorize) rules from a grammar book. 例19： 19 _(speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary (2) 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。 例20：_20 _(complete) the project as planed, well have to work two more hours a day.(3) 作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词（v-ing）;若是被动关系，用过去分词 例21：He saw the stone, _21 _(say) to himself: “the night will be very dark.” 例22：The headmaster went into the lab, _22 _(follow) by the foreign guests. 技巧9: 动词的词类转换主要做主语、宾语和定语。 例23：There are 23 (comfort) feelings often as any kind of physical pain. 例24：They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 24 (equip) to dig holes 例25：These people have made great _ 25 (contribute) to China with their work. 三、词类转换题的解题技巧 这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用那种形式，具体技巧有以下三种。 技巧10: 作表语（在系动词之后）、定语（修饰名词）或宾补（表性质状态），通常用形容词形式。 例26：The youngster immediately fell _26 _(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 例27：Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _27_ (interest) in the subject. 技巧11: 修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。 例28：As I looked _28 (close) at this girl, I found that 例29： 29 (fortune),the guest escaped unharmed. 技巧12: 有的词义转换题，词类或词性不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-, in-等，在词根后加-less等。 例30： People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _30 _(use).例31：Your mistake caused a lot of _31 _(necessary) work in the office. 技巧13: 括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。 例32：The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could he jumped even _32_(hard) and nearly made himself out. 例33：The _33 _(worse) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. 例34：, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 34 (high) 以上仅对语法填空中的主要情况进行了概括，在做语法填空题时，还应注意英语中的固定句型、固定搭配等。Camels certainly like eating green grass, not dry grass. But1.(strange), camels always keep looking for dry grass2.their stomachs are filled up.Aclassmateof3.(I)whosehomeisontheedgeofTurpanBasininXinjiangtoldmehishomehastwocamels;hesaidyoucouldimagineacamelsappetite,foritcanslowlyswallowdozensofkilogramsofhay(干草).Iaskedhim4. camelseathay,notgreengrass.Hesaidthecamelisakindofanimalwith5. strongsenseofsuffering,6.(fear)itsmasterlettingittravelthroughthedesertthenextday,andthehayinitsstomachismorehunger-resistant7.greengrass.Thecamelhasthebesttolerance.Unfortunately,manypeoplecanonlyseeacamelsoutstandingperformance,butfewunderstandits8. (prepare)madeforit.Life,9. acameltravelingthroughthedesert,10. (need)theadequateaccumulation,butnoteveryonecanunderstandit.Last Monday, my father would be on a 1 (busy)trip for five days. Having gotten my promise of being great at home and taking care of my mother, he rest assured and put his luggage into the trunk of his car. _2_(see) my fathers driving away, my mother and I waved our hands and said goodbye to him. For a moment, I began to miss my father, _3_(wish) that he would be safe and well the next days I thought everything would go well, as this was not the first time that my father _4_(be)away for several days. Yet, _5_(fortunate), my mother caught a cold the next morning. Looking at her pale face, I _6_(experience) high levels of anxiety. However, I told myself that I had to calm down and look after my mum, _7_I promised to my dad. The moment I got my mum to sleep, I put cold towel on her forehead, found pills in the medicine box, and made some noodles for her. Luckily, she woke up and felt _8_(good), after taking the pills and the noodles. _9_her fever was gone relieved and satisfied me a lot. In the next four days, I was taking her body temperature twice a day, ensuring that she was completely well. To our delight, my dad went back home safely and healthily on Saturday. On hearing _10_I had done to my mum, he, as well as my mum, beamed at me and gave me a big thumb. Hearing their praises and seeing bright smiles on their faces, I really felt overjoyed and thrilled. Conceivably, taking care of my parents was, indeed and definitely, my mission and obligation。Red envelopes 61 (relate) to the Chinese Lunar New Year for long. I myself have had plenty of 62 (experience) both receiving and giving out red envelopes in the past, and generally speaking, its been fun. I mean, who doesnt love free money?Im truly surprised by the extent of peoples obsession with virtual red envelopes this year. In fact everyone I know spent at least a day or two 63 (crazy) shaking their smart phones, mostly trying to get as much lucky money as possible. Thanks to messaging app giant WeChats new feature that allows users to send money electronically, 64 (grab) virtual red envelopes has never seemed so easy.Just in case you are one of the very few people still not on the bandwagon, heres 65 it works. Givers link their WeChat to their bank accounts, and then they can send specified amounts of money to their WeChat contacts through a personal message. They can also put the cash up 66 grabs in chat groups full of friends, and anyone who acts fast enough will get 67 share. Later, receivers can transfer the funds from their WeChat back into their own bank accounts. In theory, this sounds like a fun game. Im always for some harmless fun in life, so my natural 68 (respond) would be: Why not? Moreover, Ive always believed that its human nature to want free stuff, regardless of whether you actually need it or not. This may not be a good quality, but its not against the law, so I wont get all