职称英语电子教材-工程师.doc

一、词汇选项：

A branch—a division｜|一个部门—区分
Abandoned-given up||抛弃-放弃
Abide by—stick to||遵守 —黏住
Abnormal—unusual| —不寻常的
Abrupt-sudden｜｜突然的-突然
Accelerate-step up||加速—加速
Account for-explain|｜解释-解释
Accumulate-collect|｜累积-收集
Alleviated-lessened|｜减轻-减少
Allocate-assign｜｜分派—分配
Allocated-distributed|｜分派-分配
An abundant—a plentiful｜｜丰富的- 许多的
An improved-a better|｜改良的— 比较好的
Annoying-irritating｜｜令人感到懊恼的—刺激的
Arouses-excites||唤醒-刺激
Assembled—gathered||装配—聚集
Asserted—stated firmly||主张—坚固陈述
At stake—in danger｜｜在赌注-有危险
Attended to—waited on|｜注意 —等候
Authentically—genuinely|｜确实地—真正的
Ban—forbid|｜禁令—禁止
Barren-bare｜｜不育的-赤裸的
Bearing—influence||举止-影响力
Breaks-beats｜|休息—拍
Called me up—telephoned me｜｜打电话给我-打电话了我
Called off-cancelled||中止 —取消
Cater for—meet|｜迎合 -会
Census-count｜｜户口普查—计数
Childish-immature｜|天真的-不成熟的
Collaborating—cooperating|｜合作—合作
Collided with-ran into｜|碰撞由于-陷入
Compelled—forced||强迫-强迫
Complain-feel unhappy|｜抱怨—觉得不快乐
Comprehend-understand||了解-了解
Confidential—secret｜｜机密的—秘密
Conscientious—careful｜｜有责任心的-小心的
Consideration—account｜|考虑—帐户
Consolidated—strengthened｜｜联合-加强
Contaminated—polluted｜｜污染—污染
Contended—argued｜|奋斗—争论
Converted-changed||转换—改变
Coverage-reportage｜｜报导-新闻报导
Damaging-harmful｜｜损坏-有害的
Deadly-fatal||致命的-致命的
Decent-honest｜｜有分寸的-诚实的
Deduced—derived｜｜推论-得自
Deliberately-intentionally｜|故意地—企图的
Densely—compactly｜｜浓密地—细密地
Depicts-describes|｜描述-描述
Deters—inhibits|｜制止-禁止
Dimly-faintly｜｜微暗-微弱地
Distress—danger|｜苦恼—危险
Draft—formulate｜|草稿-制定
Duplicated-copied｜|复制-复印
Effects—results|｜效果-结果
Eligible—entitled|｜有资格者-给
Endeavoring—trying｜|努力—尝试
Eternal—everlasting||永恒的—永恒的
Exhibited—showed||展现-展现
Explored—investigated｜|探究-调查
Extinction—dying out|｜消失-日渐绝迹
Extract—take out｜|榨出物—取出
Fascinated-intrigued|｜令人入神—密谋
Final-last||结局-持续
Finds fault with—criticizes||吹毛求疵由于—批评
For love or money—at any price｜|对於爱或钱-以任何的价格
Fostered—cultivated｜｜养育-种植
Framework-skeleton||结构—骨骼
Gained-put on｜｜得到—穿上
Gangsters-violent criminals｜｜歹徒-暴力的罪犯
Gets up—arises||起床—发生
Grasped—took hold of||抓住-握住
Hailed—acclaimed||欢呼—欢呼
Harness-utilise｜｜马具—利用
Hazard-danger||危险—危险
Immediately—right away｜|立刻-现在
Inevitable—certain｜|不可避免的-确定的
Insist on-demand｜｜坚持-要求
Isolated-solitary|｜隔离—独居者
Last—past||最后的—越过
Lately—recently||近来-最近
Lawful—legal｜｜法律许可的—合法的
Lethal—deadly｜｜致命的-致命的
Limited-small||限制—小的
Looking for-trying to find｜|找寻—尝试找
Lure—attraction|｜饵-吸引
Made up his mind-decided||决定-决定
Manual—physical|｜手册—实际的
Massive—extensive｜｜庞大的—广泛的
Mighty-very strong｜｜有势力的人-非常强壮的
Mildly-gently｜|柔和地—逐渐地
Mock-laugh at|｜嘲笑—笑
Motives-reasons｜|动机—理由
Notably-particularly|｜特别地—特别地
Now and then—occasionally|｜偶尔-有时候
Occasionally—sometimes||有时候—有时
Omitted-failed｜|省略—失败
Orthodox—conventional｜｜正统的-传统的
Outcome-result｜｜结果—结果
Outrageous—unacceptable｜|暴虐的—无法接受的
Particularly-especially｜｜特别地-尤其
Permitted-allowed｜｜允许-允许
Phase-stage|｜时期—阶段
Physician—doctor|｜医师-医生
Planes—aircraft||飞机-飞机
Poorly-inadequately｜|贫穷地-不充分的
Porcelain-china|｜磁器-磁器
Postulated—assumed｜｜要求-假定
Practically-almost|｜实际地-几乎
Pressing-urgent|｜压迫-紧急的
Principal organizers—planners｜|主要的组织者—计划者
Prior to—before||在~之前-在
Probed-explored｜|探查—探究
Proposed—suggested｜|计画—提议
Provoked-elicited||激怒-elicited
Quarter—fourth||四分之一-第四的
Rarely—seldom｜｜很少地-很少
Readily-willingly｜｜不迟疑地—自动地
Realized-fulfilled|｜了解—实现
Realize-know｜|了解-知道
Recommended-suggested||推荐-提议
Regardless of—whatever|｜不管-无论什么
Regret—sorry｜|遗憾-难过的
Relied on-depended on||仰赖 —仰赖
Remainder-rest｜｜剩余物—休息
Remedy—cure||药物-治疗
Removed—took off｜|移走—起飞
Residents-occupants||居民-占有者
Safe—secure||保险箱-固定
Satisfactorily-acceptably|｜满意地-可欣然接受地
Scared—frightened｜|惊吓—惊吓
Scene-location｜｜现场-位置
Seldom-rarely||很少—很少地
Settle-solve|｜长椅—解决
Sever—hard｜|切断—难的
Shine—polish｜｜光泽-光泽
Shocked—surprised｜｜震动—感到惊讶
Speeds—velocities|｜速度-速度
Spurred—encouraged｜｜刺激-鼓励
Steadily—continuously|｜稳定地-不断地
Summit-top of the mountain||高峰会-山的顶端
Talked over-discussed｜|讨论-讨论
Tolerate—put up with｜|宽容-忍受
Trembled—shook｜｜战栗-摇动
Try-test｜|尝试-测试
Vague-imprecise||含糊的-不严密的
Vanish—disappear||消失—消失
While—although|｜当—的时候——虽然
Wholesome-healthy｜｜有益健康的—健康的
Widens—broadens｜|弄宽-变宽
二、阅读判断：
A Dog’s Dilemma||狗的两难境地
1. The African wild dog has been endangered.-R
2. The spotted hyena is on the verge of extinction.—W
3. The remaining lions will die out within decades.-N
4. The dominant females is always left behind to protect the young.-W
5. There is a tension between babysitting and hunting。—R
6. The size of a pack must be big enough for it to survive。-R
7. Steps will be taken to protect the African wild dog。-N
Biodiesel|｜生物柴油
1. Thailand suffers a lot due to the price slumps of its biodiesel。—N
2. Biodiesel is superior in quality to traditional petroleum。-W
3. Biodiesel can be made from coconut and palm oil, or from waste cooking oil.-R
4. Malaysia， and the Philippines are the first countries in the world to have public policy supporting the commercialization of biodiesels.—W
5. Yuthachai's fuel is welcomed by both farmers and ferry operators for its low prices.-R
6. Yuthachai, the inventor of biodiesel， is currently the general manager of a US—Thailand joint venture in Bangkok.-N
7. It seems that Yuthachai places his fellow farmers’ interest before his own。—R
Crypto|｜密码
1. Technology is like an art, which everybody including scientists loves.—N
2. In the passage, drawbacks means the messages we send may be intercepted or overheard by non-intended receivers。—R
3. With the widespread use of digital communications and e-commerce， encryption will become very urgent。-R
4. We have—R
5. More and more activities performed in the physical world will be replaced by activities in the electronic world.-R
6. The passage clearly concludes that we need a new organization to popularize encryption and authentication.-N
7. Encryption can protect privacy， but can stop terrorism and drug dealing as well.—W
Dangers await babies with altitude｜｜高海拔的婴儿有危险
1. According to the passage, one of the reasons why newborns in mountain communities are underweight is that their mothers are underweight。-W
2. Giussani’s team members are all British researchers and professors from Cambridge University.-N
3. Giussani did not expect to find that the weight of a baby had little to do with the financial conditions of the family he was born into。—R
4. The weight of a newborn has to do with the supply of oxygen even when he was still in his mother’s womb。—R
5. High-altitude bodies have heads that are larger than their bodies.—W
6. High altitude babies have longer but thinner limbs than average—N
7. Giussani has arrived at the conclusion that babies in high-altitude regions are more likely to have heart trouble when they grow up.-W
Engineering ethics｜|工程道德
1. Engineering ethics is a compulsory subject in every institute of science and technology in the United States.-N
2. The number of students wishing to take the course of engineering ethics is declining at Texas A ＆ M University。—W
3. The National Science Foundation involves itself directly in writing up material about ethical issues.-W
4. It seems that medical ethics and business ethics are more mature than engineering ethics.-R
5. Several engineering professors have quit from teaching to protest against the creation of a new course in engineering ethics。—N
6. Many engineering professors may not have time to prepare material for class discussion on professional ethics。-R
7. It is likely that following this introductory passage, the author will provide the necessary material related to the topic of engineering ethics。—R
Easy listening||容易的学习
1. Babies can learn language even in their sleep.—R
2. An infant can recognize a lot of vowels by the time he or she is a year old。-N
3. Finish vowels are easy to distinguish。-N
4. The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds。-W
5. The study shows that the infant’s cerebral cortex is working while he is asleep.-R
6. If an adult wants to learn a language faster, he can put a language tape under his pillow.-W
7. Cheour's finding is worthless.—W
Fermi Problem||费米问题
1. Fermi’s team was impressed by Fermi’s announcement in the base camp because he could even work out the power of the atom bomb in his mind.-R
2. Fermi， an experimentalist as well as a theoretician， won a Nobel Prize for producing the first nuclear chain reaction in the world。—W
3. Dividing a big problem into small problems is a talent Fermi had and a talent that has practical value in life。—R
4. Fermi problem is to develop the talent of breaking a seemingly unanswerable problem into sub—problems and finding the solution to it, which is a typical Fermi problem.—R
5. Then the fourth paragraph tells us how Fermi solved the problem of earth’s circumference without looking up。-W
6. The last paragraph concludes the whole writing by stressing the value of important inventions and small discoveries。-W
7. Fermi was famous for inventing a device to calculate bomb’s energy accurately。-N
Five is the magic number｜|五是神奇的数字
1. The researcher, Chirs Hayes, believes that extra digits can seriously affect animals’ opportunity of survival。—R
2. A likely consequence of having extra digitals is that the limbs of the animal will grow longer than normal.—N
3. The more digits an animal has, the faster it can run.-W
4. Animals can gradually adapt to fewer digits than five in the course of evolution.—R
5. Hayes is not yet able to explain why the panda has five digits plus a pad instead of having six digits on its paw。-R
6. What is true with animals about extra digits is also true with human beings.-W
7. Those few people with more than five toes can run as fast as those with just five.-N
Inhalable water droplets|｜Inhalable 可吸入水滴
1. The first paragraph is a question to which the author hopes to have a positive answer from the reader。—W
2. Shower nozzles shower nozzles that produce water droplets, big and small， can expose anyone using the shower to health problems.—W
3. The chemicals contained in wayer kill bacteria to make it safe for drinking.-R
4. The problem that inhalable water droplets produce is that they may expose people with respiratory problems to health hazards。-R
5. The adjustable type of nozzles are less dangerous than the fixed one.—W
6. People with asthma and other respiratory problems should avoid taking showers。—N
7. To overcome the problem caused by inhalable water droplets， Sethi, per haps with some other researchers, is drawing up standards for safe shower head designs.—R
Micro—chip research center created||微— 芯片研究中心成立
1. The country says that the investment of US＄14 million is big enough for developing that country’s chip industry.—W
2. That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes。—N
3. Although the licensing fees are not very high, that far—east country cannot afford to pay。—N
4. Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip—making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes.-R
5. Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors.-N
6. Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly.-R
7. More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self—reliance。-W
Rescue platform|｜救生平台
1. A rescue platform called the Eagle is capable of moving vertically but not sideways.-W
2. The four propellers are fitted horizontally to the Eagle。-R
3. With the help of jet engines， the Eagle can fly at a speed of 100 miles an hour。-N
4. In the third paragraph, the word helicopter refers to the Eagle.—W
5. The more jet engines are fitted to the propellers, the more people the platform can carry。-N
6. In the wake of September 11, Mr。 Metreveli has secured enough funding to build up a small—scale model of the Eagle to test his idea.-W
7. Mr. Metreveli is designing for Israel a more advanced form of rescue platform than the Eagle or the Eaglet。—N
Smoking|｜抽烟
1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous。—W
2. Smoking reduces one's life expectancy.-R
3. Smoking may induce lung cancer.—R
4. There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer。-N
5. Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers.-W
6. Nicotine is poisonous。—R
7. Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe。—W
The cold places||寒冷的地带
1. The lowest temperature that man has ever known was recorded in Antarctica.-R
2. Winter temperatures average 85 degrees below zero in Antarctica。-W
3. The Arctic and Antarctica are no man’s lands because of their notorious coldness。—W
4. Polar explorers can stay alive without heaters and windproof shelters.—W
5. Despite the the hostile environment， both animals and plants can be found in the oceans and on land in polar areas.—R
6. As discovered by expedition scientists， Antarctica has not always been so cold as it is today, so has the Arctic.—N
7. At one time， the weather in Antarctica was so warm and damp that trees grew there.-R
Tanning parlors take heat｜｜人工日照美容院吸收热量
1. The passage confirms that using tanning equipment is harmful to one’s health.-R
2. The highest rate of skin cancers is found in teenagers who use sun lamps frequently。—W
3. Melanoma is a more serious cancer than lung cancer。—N
4. Karagas's reported her research results basing on interviews with a group of skin cancer patients and a control group of people with no skin cancers。—R
5. Doctor James Spencer's argument implies that in the long run, getting an infrequent sunbum is worse than the small， day—to-day exposure。—W
6. The passage mentions three forms of skin cancers， of which squamous cell skin cancer is the most dangerous.-W
7. It is implied in Mr. Levy’s argument (paragraph 5) that frequent exposure to sun lamps is safe。—R
Will we take vacations in spaces?｜｜我们将在太空间度假吗？
1. Mike Kelly planned to turn his business of making bread and butter into a business that is engaged in space tourism。—W
2. Kelly hoped to develop space tourism， which he thought would be a good market。— R
3. Space Adventure in Arlington has taken 130 deposits totaling ＄98，000 for a two-hour space tour.—N
4. It sounds great that soon there will be space residence， although it is still a tentative plan.-W
5. Some of the hurdles space tourism faces include a lack of oxygen and life support equipment.-W
6. Little guys， who do not have plenty of money but have great interest in space tourism， are trying to make the space travel less expensive but more reliable。-R
7. We can infer from the context that the Michelin ratings can help people to find prices of hotels.-R
三、概括大意与完成句子：
A Strong Greenhouse Gas一种强烈的温室气体
1. Paragraph 1: Methane as a Strong Greenhouse Gas。
2. Paragraph 2: Livestock as a Prime Factor of the Greenhouse Effect。
3. Paragraph 4： Agriculture Also Contributes to Increased Concentrations of Methane in the Atmosphere.
4. Paragraph 5: Why Livestock Releases Methane。
5.