人教版英语必修一第一单元知识点详解.doc

人教版英语必修一第一单元知识点修改贴切版词汇部分部短语归纳对写作有帮助的短语词语辨析1. add up/add up to 2。power（人或国家机构的能力权利)/energy(物理学上的）/force（自然界法律道德感情或军事力量）/strength（固有的潜力,着重指人的）3,have got to直接加notHave直接提前和have to借助助动词do，句中有频度副词时候只能用have to词形变化1. ignore vt. 忽视ignorance n. 无知ignorant adj。无知的2. dusk n。 黄昏； 傍晚dusky adj。昏暗的; 黑暗的3. add v. 添加; 增加addition n。 加， 附加additional adj。 添加的；附加的重点单词1. upset adj。 心烦意乱的，不安的;不适的 vt. （upset, upset) 2. concern v. 担忧; 涉及; 关系到 n。 担心,关注；（利害）关系3。 settle vt. 安家； 定居；停留vt。 使定居，安家；解决4。 suffer vt。& vi.遭受;忍受;经历 5。 disagree vt. 不同意重点词组1. add up合计 2。go through 经历；经受 3. on purpose 故意4。 get along with 与某人相处；（工作的） 进展 5. in order to 为了重点句子1. Mother asked her if / whether she was very hot with so many clothes on。 2。 I dont set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do 3。 it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face。重点语法直接引语和间接引语 拓展练习自测语言要点(模块）一、短语归纳1. 做个好朋友 to be a good friend 2。 做下列调查 make the following survey 3. 合计总分 add up the score4。 得分 get points 5。 心烦意乱地来到学校 come to school upset 6。 不理睬铃声 ignore the bell7. 使你那个德国朋友平静下来 calm down your German friend8. 关心你朋友 be concerned about your friend(s) 9. 松开了 get loose10. 不得不去户外遛狗 have got to walk the dog outdoors11. 帮他期末考试作弊 help him cheat in the end-ofterm exam12. 列出理由make a list of reasons / list the reasons 13。 记下一连串的请求 set down a series of requests14. 根据问卷调查 according to the questionnaire 15。 根据编辑的忠告 according to the editors advice16。 为了分担你的困难 in order to share your difficulties / troubles 17。 与老板相爱 fall in love with the boss18. 与我的同桌相处融洽 get along / on well with my deskmate 19. 关心青少年 be concerned about teenagers20。 为了和老板面对面地交流 in order to communicate with the boss face to face21. 信任政府 trust / believe in the government 22. 经历了太多的战争 go through too many wars23。 相邻的城镇 neighboring towns 24. 相邻的国家 neighboring countries二、。词语辨析1. cheat / fool【解释】 cheat 主要指盈利的买卖中或游戏竞赛中欺骗人，骗取人的钱等.fool “愚弄”,指利用人缺乏常识，心理脆弱来欺骗人。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 答案：1）。 cheated2）。 fool1）. You may get _ in that shop。 2). He cant _ her。 She sees through him every time。2。 calm / quiet / silent / still【解释】calm 天气、水、水面（表风平浪静）；（指人时）表示镇定自如.quiet 表“宁静”、“安静”、“寂静，侧重没有响声，没有噪音和没有动静。指人时侧重性格温和，文静。silent 表“沉默”、“不发言”、“不说话”，常常表示人不爱说话，沉默无语。still “不动的”,指人时侧重一动不动，；指物时指完全没有声音，突出静止不动【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1）. Please stand _ while I take your photo。 2）. Why do you keep _？ 3）. Everything was _。4). He remained _ in the face of the enemy. 答案： 1). still2)。 silent3)。 quiet4）. calm三。词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. ignore vt. 忽视ignorance n. 无知ignorant adj.无知的2。 dusk n。 黄昏; 傍晚dusky. adj。昏暗的； 黑暗的 3。 add v. 添加; 增加addition n. 加， 附加additional adj. 添加的；附加的4。dusty adj. 积满灰尘的 dust n. 灰尘四。重点词汇 1.survey n. 调查，勘察,检测The reporter made a survey of river pollution.短语make a survey of做调查。典例CCTV_ _public opinion about the poisonous milk powder.A. make a list of B .make a record of C. make a survey of D 。make fun of 问：其他三个词组是什么意思呢？2。 upset adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的;不适的 vt。 ( upset, upset）典例 1).James was upset because he had lost his ticket。詹姆斯很烦躁因为他把票弄丢了。2）. I was very upset because one of my friends was rude to me.我很心烦,因为我的一个朋友对我很无理。3)。 His cheating in the exam upset his teacher。他在考试中作弊,这使他老师很生气。4）。 The students really upset her。 学生们着实让她烦恼.注意:upset做动词的时候，主语必须是令人不安的因素。The bad news upset him.重点用法 1.be upset about/over/at 对感到心烦意乱 upset sth打乱（计划/安排）练习The hurricane came unexpectedly , witch _our plane。A. damaged B。 upset C。 harmed D。 gave up3.ignore v。 不理睬;忽视She saw him coming but she ignored him。拓展ignorant adj。无知的，粗鲁的，无理的；ignorance n. 无知,愚昧,不知道典例用ignorance ignorant ignore填空。1，他们一直蒙在鼓里，不知道他落了难。They remained_ of his cruel fate.2.。对于他的孤陋寡闻，我着实吃了一惊.I was surprised at his _.3小孩不乖时，别去理他，不久他就会不闹了._the child if he misbehaves, and he will soon stop.KEY:ignorant ignorance Ignore4。calm v. 使平静;使镇定 adj。平静的；镇定的；沉着的Jim tried to calm the frightened children .You should keep calm even in the face of danger。拓展：calm down 使平静下来,安静下来When she heard the news, she was so excited that nothing could calm her down.The crying children soon calmed down.Calm down, sir。 What is the trouble?5. concern v. 担忧； 涉及； 关系到 n。 担心，关注;（利害）关系典例 1）。 The news concerns your brother。 这消息与你兄弟有关。2)。 The boys poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康状况不佳，使他的父母亲忧虑。3)。 Thats no concern of mine. 那不关我的事。重点用法 as / so far as be concerned 关于；至于；就而言As far as English is concerned, he is the first in the class。就英语而言，他是全班第一的。be concerned about/for 关心 be concerned with与有关 We are all concerned about/for her safety。This text is concerned with basketball stars。练习 用concern的适当形式填空1）. There is an article that _ the rise of the prices. 2)。 The children are rather _ about their mothers health. 3）。 Officials should _ themselves _ public affairs。 答案: 1）. concerns 2). concerned 3)。 concern with6. loose adj。 松开的;松的He went to the dentist because he had a loose tooth.Check that the button has not come loose。loose构成的短语：come/get loose 松开，松动break loose 挣脱 letloose 松开，放开,使自由典例1.She usually wears hear_（松散的）。2。 Who has_ _ _ _ (放开了狗)?KEY：loose let the dog loose 7。series n。连续；系列He has a series of football posters.a series of一系列的，一连串的，一套【注意】a series of+复数名词 做主语的时候，谓语动词需要用单数形式。8。outdoors adv。 在户外；在野外The rain prevented them from eating outdoors。拓展：当outdoors做名词的时候意为：野外,郊外的时候通常和the连用The outdoors 户外野外。 outdoor 做形容词意为ie：户外的，室外的I am not really the outdoor type。9。 dusk n。 黄昏；傍晚You must return to your house before dusk。at dusk 在黄昏，在傍晚 The street lights go on at dusk。10。 entirely adv。 完全的，全然的，整个的I entirely agree with you。拓展：entire adj.整个的，完全的 She wasted the entire day on it.练习 用entire和entirely填空1. That is an_ different matter。2. The_ village was destroyed。11. dusty adj。 积满灰尘的The room was dusty.In summer the town becomes very dusty。拓展：dust n. 灰尘 A cloud of dust rose as the truck drove off。12。 settle vt. 安家；定居；停留 vt。 使定居，安家;解决典例 1）. He settled his child in a corner of the city 他把孩子安顿在城市的一个角落里。2)。 The family has settled in Canada。 这家人已定居加拿大。 重点用法 settle down 镇定下来 settle in 在定居练习 中译英1)。 题目这么难，谁能解决？答案: 1）。Since it is so difficult， who can settle this problem?13。 suffer vt。& vi.遭受；忍受；经历典例 1). Do you suffer from headaches？ 你常头痛吗? 2）。 Shes suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症。重点用法 suffer from/with/for sth 感到疼痛 不适 悲伤等； 受苦； 吃苦头：练习 中译英 1).我们在那场事故中损失很多金钱。2).他的脚痛得不得了。答案: 1). We suffered much money in that accident。 2）. He suffers terribly with his feet。14。 disagree vt。 不同意典例 1). Even friends sometimes disagree with each other. 即便是朋友也有时意见不一。2). We disagreed on future plans. 我们对未来的计划产生了分歧。重点用法 disagree with sb/what sb says/sbs decision 不同意某人的观点某人的话/某人的决定练习 中译英1). 中国的报道与日本的不符.2)。 他不同意让我早些回家。Key： 1)。 The reports from China disagree with those from Japan。 2）. He disagreed to let me go home early.五。重点词组 1。 add up 加起来典例 1）。 Add up your scores and see how many points you can get.把你的得分加起来,看看你能得几分。2）. Tom, what do ten， twenty and five add up to？汤姆，10，20和5加起来是多少？短语归纳 add （） to . （把什么）加入中 add up to 加起来是练习 用add的适当形式或构成的词组填空1)。 Will you _ some more students to this project？ 2). Small numbers _ a large one。 3）. 50 _ 50 equals 100. 答案: 1). add 2）. add up to 3)。 added2。have got to 不得不，必须辨析：相当于have to 不得不，必须 但是二者之间有一定的区别Have got to 的否定形式是直接在have后面加not，疑问句时候把have提前.而have to 则是要借助助动词do.当句中有频度副词出现的时候通常只用have to。Have got to很少用于过去时，而have to除了可用于过去时，还可以与情态动词，助动词连用。3. go through 经历；经受典例 1）. The country has gone through too many wars。 这个国家经历了太多的战争.2)。 I went through the students papers last night.短语归纳go ahead前进；请说（做)吧 go by走过,（时间）过去 go along with向前,(与）一起去go in for爱好,从事 go out外出；（灯,火）熄灭 go over越过；复习 go up爬上，(价格等）上升go on with 继续；进行；暂时使用练习 用go 构成的词组填空1）. It is wise not to _ with this plan。 2)。 Prices _ a little now. People are happy. 3）。 Anyway， dont always_ at night by yourself。4)。 I am tired. I want to _ now. 答案: 1)。 go on with 2). go up 3）. go home 4）. go to bed 3.on purpose 故意，有目的地典例 The boy broke Jacks window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack。那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想吓一下杰克。短语归纳 do sth。 on purpose： 故意做某事on purpose 表示故意地、有企图、有目的地练习用 purpose的相关词汇填空1). He didnt do it _. 2). What was your _ ？答案： 1)。 on purpose2）。 purpose4. get along with 与某人相处；（工作的) 进展典例1). Its very hard to get along with him 他很难相处。2)。 How are you getting along with your work？ 工作进展如何？ 短语归纳 get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 与相处得好/不好,进展顺利/不顺 get away离开,逃离get down下来；写下，取下 get back 回来;恢复；取回；重新上台练习 中译英 1）。 你现在和同事相处得好不好？ 2）。 她已重新获得从前那份工作。答案： 1）。 Are you getting along well with your colleagues? 2）。 Shes got her old job back。5. in order to 为了(可置于句首或句中）典例 1)。 She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早， 图的是得个好座位。2）。 I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her。 我同意她的建议是为了不让她伤心。短语归纳 in order that以便(后跟句子）so that以便（后跟句子)so as to为了(只能置于句中，不能置于句首）练习 中译英 1 他早早动身好按时到达。 2 她拼命干以便能到6点时把一切都准备好。答案： 1He left early in order to/so as to/in order that/so that he should/would/might arrive on time. 2. In order to get everything ready by 6 oclock， she worked hard。六.重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料)1. While walking the dog， you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car。遛狗时，你不小心把狗松开了,狗被汽车撞了。解释此句含有一个省略句While walking the dog,省略了主语you以及are。当时间或者条件状语从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词的时候,从句可以使用“when/while+doing/done结构。 While working ， she stopped to talk with me at times.工作时，他有时候停下来和我说话。注意当时间或条件状语从句的主语是it时，也通常将it 和be 省略。If (it is )possible， I will go to see my grandparents this week. 如果可能的话，这周末我将要去看望我的祖父母。2. I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。解释本句中含有It is/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他成分的强调句型。强调句型It is/was+that可以对句子里德主语，宾语，表语状语等进行强调，若强调的主语是人,后面的that也可以换为who/whom。It is she who is going to speak at the school meeting。是她要在校会上发言。It was in the street that I met my teacher last week。上周，我是在街上遇见了我的老师。注意a,强调句中谓语动词用is还是was由后面的句子时态来确定。 b，除了强调部分是人作主语或宾语的时候用who/whom，其余一律用that。 c,强调句的一般疑问形式为:Is/Was it that that/who/whom? d，强调句的特殊疑问形式为：特殊疑问词+is/wasit that？ e,判断一个句子是不是强调句的方法就是把句子中的It is/wasthat/who/whom去掉，看句子结构是否完整,完整的话就是，不完整就不是。试判断： It was at 7 am that Marry got to school. It was 7 am。 when Marry got to school.3。 Its no pleasure looking through these any longer但观看这些已不再是乐趣解释句中it为形式主语，doing为动词ing短语，做真正的主语。It is no use/good/need doing ath。 或者It is not any use/good/need doing sth. It is of little use/good/need doing sth.。It is useless doing sth .均表示做某事没有必要。4。 Mom asked her if （whether） she was very hot with so many clothes on.妈妈问她穿那么多衣服是不是很热.解释 with复合结构: with + 宾语+ v. ing / v。 ed / to do / adj。 / adv。 / prep。 phrases由“介词with+宾语+宾语补足语” 构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等，另外，该结构也可以作为定语使用。宾补可以是分词（现在分词和过去分词），不定式，介词短语，形容词或者副词。下面简述几种情况：1） 如果在该结构中的分词表示的动作是由前面的名词或代词发出的，构成主谓关系,该分词用现在分词形式。2) 如果分词表示的动作与前面的名词或代词构成动宾关系(被动关系），该分词用过去分词形式.3） 宾语补足语也可以使用介词短语，形容词或副词来充当，表示宾语所处的状态。4）动词不定式充当宾补则表示将来的动作。典例1。with + 宾语 + 副词，如： With Mr Li away，we have got more room.2.with + 宾语 + 介词短语，如: The man came in ， with a book in his hand. 3。with + 宾语 + 现在分词，如： With summer corning ， the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.In some part of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.4.with + 宾语 + 过去分词，如: The thief was brought in， with his hands tied back。With his hair cut, he looks much younger. 5.with + 宾语 + 不定式，如： With so many problem to solve, I have to work hard。With Mr Smith to teach them English next term, they will be greatly improved in spoken English. 练习 中译英： 1。 那房子昨晚发生火灾，结果里面的东西都烧光了.2。 下学期史密斯先生教他们英语，他们的口语会大有提高。3。 随着冬天的到来,天气越来越冷。答案：1。 The house caught a big fire last night , with nothing left in it. 2。 With Mr Smith to teach them English next term , they will be greatly improved in spoken English. 5。 I dont set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do 我不愿意像大多数人那样在日记中记流水帐解释 as引导的从句为比较状语从句，意为“像大多数人那么做。as 用作连词，可引导下列状语从句:1）。 引导状语从句，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语的同时性 As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening。 随着他年纪越来越大，他失去了对所有事物的兴趣,除了园艺。2). 引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管，虽然，即使”(从句需倒装）Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt。 尽管天气冷，我哥只穿了一件衬衫。3)。 引导方式状语从句,表示“以方式”.As water is to fish， so air is to man。我们离不开空气,就像鱼儿离不开水。 Why didnt you take the medicine as I told you to? 为什么你没有按我说的服这药？4）. 引导原因状语从句 (=since; because)，“由于，因为。 As you were not there， I left a message. 因为当时你不在那，所以我给你留了便条.5） 引导比较状语从句.She is as tall as you. 她和你一样高。练习 中译英 1。 随着年龄的增长我越来越对科学感兴趣.2. 由于雨下得很大，你最好穿上雨衣。3。 他学习很努力，但考试还是没及格。 答案: 1. As l get older l get more interested in science 2。 As it is raining hard,youd better put on your raincoat 3. Hard as he worked，he failed in the exam6. It is/was thetime that 第几次解释 that从句中的谓语动词一般用完成时态。 1）. It is the first time that he has heard this song.练习 中译英1 这是他第二次来中国.2这是我第一次举办画展。答案：1. It is the second time that he has come to China. 2. It was the first time that I had held an art exhibition.