常用100词根说课讲解.doc

常用100词根精品文档常用100词根1. ag, act L=to do, to drive做，驱使词根ag来自拉丁动词agere的词干部分，意思相当于英语的to do（做）或to drive（驱使）。act是个英语核心单词，其实它的前身act是ag的同源异形词根，来自agere的动名词形式 actum的词干部分，基本含义也是to do或to drive。下面先分析几个由ag构成的常见派生词。agent ag=to do做；-ent n.=person人“person who does 办事者” n. person who works for another person or organization 代理人：a sales agent 代售商 agential agent;-ial a. a.代理人的；起媒介作用的agency ag=to do做；-ency n.=the quality or state of 表性质或状态“the abiliy or place of doing business 办事的能力或场所” n.power or force which causes a result 力量；作用：human agency 人力 the office of an agent;service organization 代理处；机构：travel agency 旅行社agenda ag=to do做；-enda（-a表复数）n.=things事情“things to be done要办的事项” n. list of things to be discussed or decided upon议事日程：the most important item on the agenda议事日程的首项agile ag=to do做；-ile a.=able能的“able to do能干的” a. able to do or move quickly or easily 敏捷的；灵活的：as agile as a monkey像猴子般灵活 agility agil(e);-ity n.敏捷；灵活agitate ag=to drive or keep moving 驱使，使运动；-itate（-ate）v.=make or cause使“cause to keep moving steadily引起不断的动荡” v. disturb鼓动：The audience were agitated by his speech听众被他的演说所鼓动。agitation agitat(e);-ion n. n.鼓动；激动不安agitator agitat(e);-or n. n.鼓动者以下介绍的是几个常用act的同根词。act act=to do 做“to do what is required 做要求的事” v. do something行动：to act at once立刻行动 function起作用：The brakes wouldnt act.刹车失灵。 take part in a play or film扮演：Who is acting Hamlet? 谁演哈姆雷特？ actor act;-or n. n.男演员；行动者actress act (o)r;-ess n. n.女演员re-act re-;act v. v.重做，再做；重演，再演overact over-;act v. v.演得过于夸张action act=to do做；-ion n.=the process or result表过程或结果 n. process of doing, or deed 行动，活动：Actions speak louder than words.行动比语言更有说服力。 result of doing, or effect 作用：the action of an acid on metal 酸对金属的作用 charge 诉讼：to bring an action against someone 起诉某人 actionable action;-able a. a.可控诉的active act=to do做；-ive a.=able会的 a. able to do活跃的，积极的：Although he is over 70, he is still active.他虽然年过70，但依然很活跃。 activate activ(e);-ate v. v.使活动activism activ(e);-ism n. n. 哲 能动主义；积极，活跃activist activ(e);-ist n. n.活动分子，积极分子activity activ(e);-ity n. n.能动性；活跃；复 活动actual act=to do做；-u-;-al a.=the act or fact 表行为或事实 a. existing in fact;real实际的；现实的：the actual amount of money实际金额 actualist actual;-ist n. n.现实主义者actuality actual;-ity n. n.事实，现存情况；现实性actualize actual;-ize v. v.实行，使现实化actuate act=to do做；-u-;-ate v.=to make or cause使 v. cause to do 驱动，激励：What motives actuated her? 什么动机驱使她这样做的？ actuation actuat(e);-ion n. n.驱动，激励；开动exact ex-=out出；act=to drive驱使“to drive out;driven out逼出来（的）” I v. demand or obtain by force 强求，索取：He exacted obedience from his students.他强要学生服从他。 a. correct and without mistake 准确的，精确的：to be exact in conduct行为一丝不苟 exacting exact v.;-ing a. a.苛求的，严厉的；强索的exaction exact v.;-ion n. a.强索；勒索；榨取exactitude exact a.;-itude n. n.精确（性）；严格，严谨react re-=back回返；act=to do做 v. do or act in reply反应：She was slow to react.她反应迟钝。 do against反动，反作用：to react against oppression 反抗压迫 reaction react;-ion n. n.反应；反作用；反动reactor react;-or n. n.引起反应的人或物；原 反应堆reactive react;-ive a. a.反应的；反动的interact inter-=between在之间；act=to do做“to do between two things在两者之间互动” v. have an effect on each other互相作用，互相影响：All things are inter-related and interacted on each other.一切事物都是互相联系又互相影响的。 interaction interact;-ion n. n.相互作用；相互interactant interact;-ant n. n. 化 反应物interactive interact;-ive a. a.互相作用的；计 交互的transact trans-=across or through穿过；act=to drive驱使“to drive through使通过” v. carry on;manage执行，办理：He transacted some businesss at bank.他在银行处理了一些事务。 transaction transact;-ion n. n.办理，处理；交易，业务transactor transact;-or n. n.办事人，处理者练习1：1. 词根辩识A.判断下列单词中，哪些含有词根ag，act： age aggression agitational agaze tractor factory actuary coactionB.判断下列派生词中act是词根还是单词： react re-act ex-actor exactor underact overact coact enact2. 举一反三根据例子写出后面单词的中文意思。A.例：agitate v.鼓动agitator n.鼓动者 act v.行动，行为actor n. exact v.强索，强征（捐税等）exactor n. activate v. 化使活化activator n.B. active a.积极的actively ad.积极地 interactive a.相互作用的interactively ad. reactive a.反动的reactively ad. counteractive a.抵制的counteractively ad.3. 望文生义根据已知单词的含义求出其同根词的含义。 已知：coact v.共同行动，合力工作（提示：co-=together）求：coaction n.coactive a. 已知：counteract v.抵抗，抵制；抵消（提示：counter-=against）求：counteraction n.counteractive a. 已知：retroact v.倒行；追溯既往（提示：retro-=backward）求：retroactive a.retroaction n.4. 同义相连请将左栏的单词和右栏中相对应的词义连接起来。A.含ag的名词派生词 coagenta.反作用剂；反抗力 subagent b.共事者；合作者 reagentc.副代理人 counteragent d.反应力；反应物 subagency e.分代理处B.含act的名词派生词 activablea.不活动的；不活跃的 exactableb. 化 能被活化的 inactive c.可强取的；可强求而得的 reactionaryd.倒行的；有追溯效力的 retroactivee.反动的5. 寻根问底指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。 coagency n.合作 agitprop v.宣传鼓动（提示：prop=propoganda宣传） coagulate v.（使）凝结；（使）合为一体 actuary n.（保险）精算师 enact v.制定（法律）；通过（法案）；颁布 underact v.表演（角色）不够充分2. am, amat L=to love爱常用词amiable和amateur分别来自同源异形根am和amat。am是拉丁动词amare的不定式词干；amat是这个动词的动名词词干，意思都相当于to love（爱）。amiable am=to love爱；-i-；-able a.=capable of可的“capable of being loved可爱的” a. lovable, or kindly可爱的；和蔼的：an amiable old lady可亲的老太太amateur amat=to love; -eur (-er) n.=person 人“persaon who does something for loving it (rather than for money)因爱好（不是为金钱）从事某项活动者” n. person who practices an art, sport or science for his own pleasure（艺术、体育、科学等）业余爱好者：radio amateur业余无线电爱好者 amateurism amateur;-ism n. n.业余活动amateurish amateur n.业余爱好者；-ish a.=like像的“like an amateur（rather than a professional hand）像业余的，不内行的” a. unskillful不老练的，外行的：He is still amateurish in playing golf.他打高尔夫球还不老练。 amateurishness amateurish;-ness n. n.外行amicable amic（来自 am 的同根名词 amicus）=person one loves, or friend亲爱者，朋友；-able a.=able to be能当的“able to be ones friend能做朋友的” a. in a friendly spirit, or peaceable友好的；和睦的：amicable settlement和解 amicability amicab(le);-ility n. n.友好；和睦amour am=to love爱；-our n.=the state or result表状态或结果“loving or the result of loving恋爱或恋爱的结果）” n. love恋爱 love affair桃色事件，偷情 amorous amo(u)r;-ous a. a.恋爱的；多情的enamour en-v.=to cause to be使；amour n.=love恋爱“to cause to be in love使恋爱” v. inflame with love使迷恋：Her beauty enam-oured the prince.王子被她的美貌迷住了。amatory amat=to love爱；-ory a.=related to与有关的 a. related to loving;expressing love恋爱的；爱慕的：amatory poems情诗练习2：1. 由此及彼通过分析已知单词的词素含义推断出另一单词的词义。 unhappy a.不幸的unamiable a. artist n.艺术家amorist n.2. 寻根问底指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。 amity n.和好；和睦 enemy n.敌人（提示：en-表示相反；em是am的变体） inamorata n. 意女情人，情妇 inamorato n. 意男情人3. anim L=life生命anim是常用词 animal的词根，源于拉丁名词 anima，含有 mind（思想），spirit（精神），soul（灵魂），life（生存）等与生命现象有关的概念，可以看成英语基本词life（生命）的对等词。animal anim=life生命；-al n.=thing characterized by有特征的东西“thing characterized by having life有生命的东西” n. any creature动物：Is it an animal, vegetable, or mineral?它是动物，植物，还是矿物？ any creature other than man除人以外的任何动物：the animals in the zoo动物园里的动物animalism animal;-ism n. n.动物性；兽欲animalize animal;-ize v. v.使动物化animate anim=life 生命；-ate a.=having有的“having life or spirits有生命的，有精神的”a. living有生命的：animate objects生物 full of life or spirits生气勃勃的：animate youth朝气蓬勃的年青人 v. give life to, or make alive使活跃：His jokes an-imated the conversation.他的笑话使交谈活跃起来。animation animat(e) v;-ion n. n.活跃；生气reanimate re-;animate v. v.使复活；激励animosity anim=life, spirit生命，精神；-osity（-ous+-ity）n.=special state or quality表特殊状态或性质“special spirit特殊的精神”“strong feeling强烈的感情” n. strong dislike;hatred敌意；仇恨：animosities between classes阶级仇恨magnanimity magn=great大；anim=spirit精神；-ity n.=the quality表性质“the greatness of spirit or mind精神上的大度” n. the spirit of being unusually generous, or generosity宽宏大量：He showed his magnanimity in forgiving you.他原谅了你，可见其宽宏大量。magnanimous magn;anim;-ous a. a.宽宏大量的equanimity equ=even平衡的；anim=spirit精神；-ity n.=the quality表性质“the spirit with an even quality平稳的精神品质” n. calmness or steadiness of mind沉着；镇定：He faced the disaster with equanimity.面对灾难，他泰然若定。equanimous equ;anim;-ous a. a.沉着的；镇定的longanimity long（来自形容词longus）=long长久的；anim=spirit精神；-ity n.=the quality表性质“the spirit with the quality of enduring long能长久忍耐的精神素质” n. endurance;forbearance忍耐性；坚韧性：He is remarkable for his longanimity in struggle.他在斗争中以坚韧著称。longanimous long;anim;-ous a. a.坚韧的；忍耐的unanimous un=one一；anim=spirit, mind精神，思想；-ous a.=having有的 a. having one mind or sharing the same view思想一致的；观点统一的：The conference was unanimous in support of the decision.会议一致拥护这项决议。unanimity un;anim;-ity n. n.全体一致；无异议练习3：1. 同义相连请将左栏的单词和右栏中相对应的词义连接起来。 animalizationa.动物性 animatorb.无异议地 animalityc.动物化 unanimously d.动物性的 animalistic e.鼓舞者 animatedf.栩栩如生的2. 望文生义根据已知词根和词缀的含义求出下列单词的含义。已知：in-=not; -cule=small thing; re-=again求： inanimate animalcule reanimate3. 寻根问底指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。 animism n.泛灵论；万物有灵论 animus n.主导精神；意向 exanimate a.无生命的；无精神的exanimation n.死；意志消沉（提示：ex-=out） animadvert v.谴责，批评animadversion n.谴责，批评（提示：vert/vers=to turn） pusillanimity n.卑怯，胆小pusillanimous a.卑怯的，胆小的（提示：pusill=weak）4. ann, enn L=year年ann来自拉丁名词annus，意思为year（年）；enn是ann在添加前缀时产生的音变异体。ann在构词中常带有连接字母-u-或-i-，也可以把annu和anni作为词根异体看待。annual annu=year年；-al a.=of的 I a. of one year;yearly一年的；每年的：annual report年度报告n. book or pamphlet issued once a year年鉴；年刊：the annuals of the Historical Society历史协会的年鉴anniversary anni=year 年；vers=to turn 转；-ary n.=thing物“the date connected with the turning of a year与时间周转一年相关的日子” n. the date of a year on which something happened周年纪念日：the 400th anniversary of Shakespeares birth莎士比亚诞生四百周年纪念日annals ann=year年；-al n.=thing物；-s 表复数“many things of a year一年中的事情” n. yearly records;historical records编年史；历史记载：the war annals of the Red Army红军战史annalist annal(s);-ist n. n.编年史作者perennial per-=through通；enni=year年；-al a.“through a year通年的” a.lasting through the year常年不断的：perennial snow and ice终年不化的冰雪 overlasting长久的：perennial efforts持久努力perenniality perennial;-ity n. n.常年性；长久性annuity annu=year 年；-ity n.=thing connected with 表相关事物“money connected with one year 按一年计算的钱” n. yearly allowance or income年金；年收入：life annuity终身年金annuitant annuit(y);-ant n. n.领受年金者superannuate super-=over超；annu=year年age年龄；-ate v.=to cause to be使成为“to cause to be over-aged使成为超龄者” v. make to retire when one is over a certain age因超过年龄而令退休：He was superannuated as soon as he reached the age of sixty.他刚满六十岁，就被指令退休了。annu和enni还能与表示数目的前缀构成表示以“年”为单位的时间的单词。以下是常见的几个。semiannual semi-=half半；annu=year年；-al a.=of的 a. of a half year半年一度的：semiannual meeting半年一度的会议biannual bi-=two, twice二，两次；annu=year年；-al a.=of的a. of twice a year每年两度的：biannual examination每年两次的考试biennial bi-=two二；enni=year年；-al a.=of的“of two years二年的” a. lasting two years持续两年的：a biennial research course两年的研究课程biennium bi-=two二；enni=year年；-um n.=thing物“the time of two years两年的时间” n. period of two years两年练习4：1. 词根辨识比较biannual和biennial表示的不同时间概念。分析其词形的不同点。2. 望文生义根据已知词根和词缀的含义求出所给单词的含义。已知：tri-=three; quadr-=four; quinqu-=five; sex-=six;sept-=seven; oct-=eight; dec-=ten; cent-=hundred;mille-=thousand.求： millennial centennium sexennial septennium deceenial quinquennium bicentennial octennium quadrennial trimillennium5. anthrop GK=man人类anthrop是本书介绍的第一个来自希腊语的词根，它的词源是希腊名词anthropos，意思为man或human kind（人类）。在构词中，anthrop后面常跟着连接字母-o-，也可以把anthropo看作异形词根。anthropology anthropo=man人类；-logy n.=branch of science一门科学“the science about man研究人类的科学” n. the science dealing with the physical, social, and cultural development of man人类学anthropologist anthropolog(y);-ist n. n.人类学者philanthropist phil=to love 爱；anthrop=man 人类；-ist n.=person人“person who loves man 爱人类者” n. person who loves his fellow men, especially, who is engaged in helping the poor men博爱主义者；慈善家philanthropy phil;anthrop;-y n. n.慈善；仁爱philanthropic phil;anthrop;-ic a. a.博爱的misanthropist mis=to hate恨；anthrop=man人类；-ist n.=person人“person who hates his fellow men厌恶人类者” n. person who hates everybody and avoids being in the company of others离群索居者；愤世嫉俗者：A misanthropist can never become a philanthropist.愤世嫉俗者是成不了慈善家的。misanthropy mis;anthrop;-y n. n.厌世misanthropic mis;anthrop;-ic a. a.厌世的；厌世者的anthropoid anthrop=man人类；-oid a.=like像 a. like a man;in the form of a man类人的；有人形的：anthropoid ape类人猿anthropography anthropo=man人类；-graphy n.=the study学“the study about man 有关人类情况的学说” n. the study of the geographical distribution of human races人种地理分布学anthropogenesis anthropo=man人类；genesis=the origin起源 n. the study of mans origin and development人类起源和发展学anthropotomy anthropo=man人类；tomy=anatomy解剖学 n. human anatomy人体解剖学练习5：1. 望文生义根据所学的词根和词缀的知识写出下列单词的词义。 anthropogeography n. anthroposociology n.2. 寻根问底指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。 anthropomorphous a.有人形的；似人的anthropomorphize v.（把动物等）拟作人（提示：morph=shape） anthropophagy n.食人肉的习性anthrophagous a.食人肉的（提示：phag=to eat） anthropometry n.人体测量学（提示：metr=to measure） anthropocentric a.以人类为宇宙中心的（提示：centr=center） zoanthropy n. 医 变兽幻想（提示：zo=animal）6. arch GK=rule统治在政治术语anarchy, monarch, monarchy和oligarch中，有个常用词根arch。它来自希腊名词arkhos，意为rule（统治）。在派生词中arch常作ruler（统治者）或government（政体）解。anarchy an-(a-)=no, without无；arch=rule治理；-y n.=the state表状态“the state without rule or government缺乏治理，没有政府” n. absence of government or control无秩序；无政府状态：Any form of government is better than anarchy. 任何形式的政体都比无政府状态好。anarchic anarch(y);-ic a. a.无政府主义的anarchism anarch(y);-ism a. n.无政府主义anarchist anarch(y);-ist n. n.无政府主义者monarch mon=one, alone单一；arch=ruler统治者“only one ruler, or one who rules a country alone单独治理国家者” n. king of sovereign国王，君主：The monarch was ousted.国王被赶下台了。monarchal monarch;-al a. a.国王的，君主的monarchy mon-=one, alone单一；arch=ruler统治者；-y n.=the state表状态“the state or government of only one ruler单人统治的政体” n. government ruled by a monarch君主政体；君主国：China was once a monarchy.中国曾经是个君主国。monarchic monarch(y);-ic a. a.君主制的；君主国的monarchism monarch(y);-ism n. n.君主制度；君主主义oligarch olig-=few少，寡；arch=ruler统治者“one of a few rulers少数统治者之一” n. member of an oligarchy寡头统治成员：finan-cial oligarch金融寡头oligarchy olig-=few少，寡；arch=ruler统治者；-y n.=the state表状态“the state or government by a few rulers由少数人统治的政府” n. rule or government by a few, often for their own interests寡头政治；寡头统治的政府：Ancient Sparta was really an oligarchy.古斯巴达实际上是个寡头统治的国家。oligarchic oligarch(y);-ic a. a.寡头政治的polyarchy poly-=many多；arch=ruler统治者；-y n.=the state表状态“the state or government by many rulers多人的统治” n. rule or government by many heads多头政治matriarch matri=mother 母；arch=rule