历年专四完形填空及答案教学提纲.doc

历年专四完形填空及答案精品文档2000年 一The difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious (26) the conditions of temperature and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in an open container and (27) it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but (28) to diffuse throughout the space available; it must (29) be kept in a closed container, as (30) a planets atmosphere. The distinction was a prominent feature of early theories (31) the phases of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory maintained that a liquid could be dissolved in a vapor without losing its identity, and another theory held that the two phases are( 32 )different kinds o f molecules(分子). The theories now prevailing (33) a quit e different approach by emphasizing what liquids and gases have in common. They are both forms of matter that have no permanent structure and they both flow ea silly. They are fluids. The( 34 )similarly of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat.(35) A closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands or (36) becomes less dense; some of it evaporates. (37), the vapor above the liquid surface becomes dense r as the evaporated molecules are added to it. The combination of temperature and d pressure (38) the densities become equal is (39) the critical point. Above the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer be( 40 ); there is a single, undifferentiated fluid phase of uniform density.26. A. in B. on C. under D. beyond 27. A. fills B. be filled C. filling D. to fill 28. A. intendsB. tends C. inclines D. contends 29. A. howeverB. nevertheless C. so D. therefore 30.A. in the event ofB. in the case of C. with a view toD. with reference to 31. A. having described B. described C. describing D. to have described 32. A. made up of B. consisted of C. constituted of D. made from 33. A. apply B. adapt C. take D. conduct 34. A. elementary B. crucial C. rudimentary D. fundamental 35. A. Suppose B. To suppose C. Being supposed D. Supposed 36. A. in a word B. in the meantime C. in other words D. in that case 37. A. Similarly B. In contrast C. Furthermore D. Instead 38. A. on that B. on which C. at that D. at which 39. A. known B. defined C. called D. referred to 40. A. classified B. recognized C. categorized D. distinguished2001The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages, full facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual ( 26 )and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-matter in his field of specialization.This is, as it were, his professional equipment.( 27 )this, it is desirable that he should have an inquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work ( 28 )is own, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to consult others ( 29 )his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding ( 30 )with printing techniques and proof-reading. If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to ( 31 )rapidly from one source language to another, as well as from one subject-matter to another, since this ability is frequently ( 32 )of him in such work. Bearing in mind the nature of the translators worksite. The processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking, ( 33 )that he should be able to speak the language he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage (34) a hindrance, but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can (35) with. It is, (36), desirable that he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages even if this is restricted to ( 37 )how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same ( 38 )to an ability to write his source languages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot, it does not ( 39 ). There are many other skills and ( 40 )that are desirable in a translator.26. A. application B. useC. utility D. usage 27. A. More than B Except fo C.Because of D.In addition to 28. A. of B. byC. for D. on 29. A. should B. whenC. because D. if 30. A. familiariy B. acquaintanceC. knowledge D. skill 31. A. change B. transformC. turn D. switch 32. A. lacked B. requiredC. faced D. confronted 33. A. essentialB. unnecessaryC. advantageous D. useless 34. A. over B. despiteC. rather than D. instead 35. A. deal B. concernC. work D. do away 36. A. however B. accordinglyC. consequently D. thus 37. A. knowing B. having known C. know D. have known 38. A. refers B. comes C. applies D. amounts 39. A. matter B. mind C. harm D. work 40. A. characteristics B. qualities C. distinctions D. features 2002年People thinking about the origin of language for the first time usually arrive at the conclusion that it developed gradually as a system of grunts, hisses and cries and ( 26 ) a very simple affair in the beginning.( 27 ), when we observe the language behaviour of ( 28 )we regard as primitive cultures,we find it ( 29 )complicated. It was believed that an Eskimo must have the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000 words ( 30 ) to get along reasonably well, much larger than the active vocabulary of an average businessman who speaks English.( 31 ), these Eskimo words are far more highly infleeted(词尾变化的) than ( 32 ) of any of the well -known European languages,for a( 33 )noun can be spoken or written in ( 34 ) hundred different forms, each ( 35 )a precise meaning different from that of any other.The forms of the verbs are even more( 36 ). The Eskimo language is, therefore,one of the most difficult in the world to learn,( 37 ) the result that almost no traders or explorers have( 38 )tried to learn it. Consequently , there has grown up, in communication between Eskimos and whites, a jargon ( 39 )to the pidgin English used in Old China, with a vocabulary of from 300 to 600 uninflected words. Most of them are derived from Eskimo but some are derived from English, Danish,Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. It is this jargon that is usually( 40 ) by travellers as “the Eskimo language”.26. A. must be B. must have been C. ought to be D. should be 27. A. However B. Therefore C. Probably D. Undoubtedly 28. A. whose B. that C.which D.what 29. A. conspicuously B. usually C. surprisingly D. sufficiently 30. A. so as B. so that C. as such D. as well as 31. A. However B. Moreover C. Though D. Therefore 32. A. the others B. all others C. these D. those 33. A. single B. singular C. plural D. compound 34. A. some B. several C. various D. varied 35. A. getting B. causing C. having D. owning 36. A. endless B. multiple C. uncountable D. numerous 37. A. with B. for C. owing to D.as 38. A. still B. indeed C. just D. even 39. A. alike B. similar C. related D. relevant 40. A. referred to B. talked about C. spoken D. told 2003年During McDonalds early years French fries were made from scratch every day.Russet Burbank potatoes were (26), cut into shoestrings, and fried in itskitchens. (27)the chain expanded nationwide, in the mid-1960s, it sought tocut labour costs, reduce the number of suppliers, and (28) that its friestasted the same at every restaurant. McDonalds began (29) to frozen Frenchfries in 1966and few customers noticed the difference. (30), the changehad a profound effect on the nations agriculture and diet. A familiar food hadbeen transformed into a highly processed industrial (31). McDonalds friesnow come from huge manufacturing plants (32) can process two million poundsof potatoes a day. The expansion (33) McDonalds and the popularity of itslow-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat.Thetaste of McDonalds French fries played a crucial role in the chainssuccessfries are much more profitable than hamburgersand was (34) praisedby customers, competitors, and even food critics. Their (35) taste does notstem from the kind of potatoes that McDonalds (36), the technology thatprocesses them, or the restaurant equipment that fries them: other chains useRusset Burbank, buy their French fries from the (37) large processingcompanies, and have similar (38) in their restaurant kitchens. The taste ofa French fry is (39)determined by the cooking oil. For decades McDonaldscooked its French fries in a mixture of about 7 per cent cottonseed oil and 93per cent beef fat. The mixture gave the fries their unique (40). 26.A.scaled B.stripped C.peeled D.sliced 27. A.As B.Due to C.Owing to D.With 28. A.ensue B.ensure C.enrich D.enable 29. A.switchingB.divertingC.modifying D.altering 30. A.Still B.AnywayC.BesidesD.Nevertheless 31. A.brand B.stuff C.commodity D.produce 32. A.thisB.that C./ D.what 33. A.into B.from C.in D.of 34. A.longB.only C.first D.lonely 35. A.distinctive B.distinctC.distinguishedD.distinguishable 36. A.possesses B.buys C.acquires D.grows 37.A.exact B.identical C.same D.alike 38. A.woks B.pots C.boilers D.fryers 39. A.adequateely B.massively C.plentifully D.largely 40. A.flavourB.fragrance C.smell D.perfume2004The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides(26) the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this(27) can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The ease with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a(28)of growing importance in industry where automation(29) round-the-clock working of machines. It normally(30)from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a(31) routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. (32) it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine(33)he has to change to another, (34)much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very(35).One answer would seem to be(36) periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. (37), recent research has shown that people on such systems will revert to go back to their(38) habits of sleep and wakefulness during the week-end and that this is quite enough to destroy any(39) to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to those permanent night workers whose(40) may persist through all week-ends and holidays.26.A.in B.with C.of D.over27.A.cycle B.period C.circle D.round28.A.problem B.difficulty C.trouble D.matter29.A.asks B.invites C.calls for D.reacts to30.A.takes B.spends C.demands D.asks31.A.former B.returned C.reversed D.regular32.A.Therefore B.UnfortunatelyC.In a word D.In comparison33.A.as B.when C.then D.than34.A.though B.so that C.while D.as35.A.efficiently B.good C.easily D.happily36.A.shorter B.better C.longer D.nicer37.A.So B.In short C.Similarly D.However38.A.new B.normal C.temporary D.favourite39.A.change B.return C.adaptation D.tendency40.A.wakefulness B.sleep C.preference D.habit 2005 A persons home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time. Depending on personality, most have in mind a(n) “(31) _ home”. But in general, and especially for the student or new wage earners, there are practical (32) of cash and location on achieving that idea.Cash (33) , in fact, often means that the only way of (34) when you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things (35) financially. There are obvious (36) of living at homepersonal laundry is usually (37) done along with the family wash; meals are provided and there will be a well-established circle of friends to (38) . And there is (39) the responsibility for paying bills, rates, etc.On the other hand, (40) depends on how a family gets on. Do your parents like your friends? You may love your family(41) do you like them? Are you prepared to be (42) when your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you expect to be back? If you find that you cannot manage a(n) (43) , and that you finally have the money to leave, how do you (44) finding somewhere else to live?If you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are (45) well-known to you already. Friends and the local paper are always (46) . If you are going to work in a (47) area, again there are the papersand the accommodation agencies, (48) these should be approached with (49) . Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the (50) of the first weeks rent, if you take accommodation they have found for you.31. A. ideal B. perfect C. imaginary D. satisfactory32. A. deficiencies B. weaknesses C. insufficiencies D. limitations33. A. cut B. shortage C. lack D. drain34. A. getting over B. getting in C. getting back D. getting along35. A. improve B. enhance C. develop D. proceed36. A. concerns b. issues C. advantages D. problems37. A. still B. always C. habitually D. consequently38. A. call in B. call over C. call upon D. call out39. A. always B. rarely C. little D. sometimes40. A. little B. enough C. many D. much41. A. and B. but C. still D. or42. A. tolerant B. hostile C. indifferent D. good-tempered43. A. agreement B. consensus C. compromise D. deal44. A. go about B. go over C. go in for D. go through45. A. seldom B. less C. probably D. certainly46. A. dependent B. a good source of information C. of great value D.reliable47. A. familiar B. cold C. humid D. new48. A. though B. while C. since D. as49. A. enthusiasm B. hesitation C. caution D. concern50. A. same B. equivalent C. equal D. simiarity2006年七There