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历年专四完形填空及答案
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2000年 一．The difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious (26) the conditions of temperature and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in an open container and (27) it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but (28) to diffuse throughout the space available; it must (29) be kept in a closed container, as (30) a planet's atmosphere. The distinction was a prominent feature of early theories (31) the phases of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory maintained that a liquid could be "dissolved" in a vapor without losing its identity, and another theory held that the two phases are( 32 )different kinds o f molecules(分子). The theories now prevailing (33) a quit e different approach by emphasizing what liquids and gases have in common. They are both forms of matter that have no permanent structure and they both flow ea silly. They are fluids.
The( 34 )similarly of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat.(35) A closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands or (36) becomes less dense; some of it evaporates. (37), the vapor above the liquid surface becomes dense r as the evaporated molecules are added to it. The combination of temperature and d pressure (38) the densities become equal is (39) the critical point. Above the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer be( 40 ); there is a single, undifferentiated fluid phase of uniform density.
26. A. in B. on C. under D. beyond
27. A. fills B. be filled C. filling D. to fill
28. A. intends B. tends C. inclines D. contends
29. A. however B. nevertheless C. so D. therefore
30.A. in the event of B. in the case of C. with a view to D. with reference to 31. A. having described B. described C. describing D. to have described 32. A. made up of B. consisted of C. constituted of D. made from 33. A. apply B. adapt C. take D. conduct
34. A. elementary B. crucial C. rudimentary D. fundamental
35. A. Suppose B. To suppose C. Being supposed D. Supposed 36. A. in a word B. in the meantime C. in other words D. in that case 37. A. Similarly B. In contrast C. Furthermore D. Instead
38. A. on that B. on which C. at that D. at which
39. A. known B. defined C. called D. referred to
40. A. classified B. recognized C. categorized D. distinguished
2001
The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages, full facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual ( 26 )and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-matter in his field of specialization.
This is, as it were, his professional equipment.( 27 )this, it is desirable that he should have an inquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work ( 28 )is own, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to consult others ( 29 )his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding ( 30 )with printing techniques and proof-reading. If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to ( 31 )rapidly from one source language to another, as well as from one subject-matter to another, since this ability is frequently ( 32 )of him in such work. Bearing in mind the nature of the translator’s worksite. The processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking, ( 33 )that he should be able to speak the language he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage (34) a hindrance, but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can (35) with. It is, (36), desirable that he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages even if this is restricted to ( 37 )how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same ( 38 )to an ability to write his source languages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot, it does not ( 39 ). There are many other skills and ( 40 )that are desirable in a translator.
26. A. application B. use C. utility D. usage 27. A. More than B Except fo C.Because of D.In addition to 28. A. of B. by C. for D. on 29. A. should B. when C. because D. if 30. A. familiariy B. acquaintance C. knowledge D. skill 31. A. change B. transform C. turn D. switch 32. A. lacked B. required C. faced D. confronted 33. A. essential B. unnecessary C. advantageous D. useless 34. A. over B. despite C. rather than D. instead 35. A. deal B. concern C. work D. do away 36. A. however B. accordingly C. consequently D. thus 37. A. knowing B. having known C. know D. have known 38. A. refers B. comes C. applies D. amounts 39. A. matter B. mind C. harm D. work 40. A. characteristics B. qualities C. distinctions D. features
2002年
People thinking about the origin of language for the first time usually arrive at the conclusion that it developed gradually as a system of grunts, hisses and cries and ( 26 ) a very simple affair in the beginning.( 27 ), when we observe the language behaviour of ( 28 )we regard as primitive cultures,we find it ( 29 )complicated. It was believed that an Eskimo must have the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000 words ( 30 ) to get along reasonably well, much larger than the active vocabulary of an average businessman who speaks English.( 31 ), these Eskimo words are far more highly infleeted(词尾变化的) than ( 32 ) of any of the well -known European languages,for a( 33 )noun can be spoken or written in ( 34 ) hundred different forms, each ( 35 )a precise meaning different from that of any other.
The forms of the verbs are even more( 36 ). The Eskimo language is, therefore,one of the most difficult in the world to learn,( 37 ) the result that almost no traders or explorers have( 38 )tried to learn it. Consequently , there has grown up, in communication between Eskimos and whites, a jargon ( 39 )to the pidgin English used in Old China, with a vocabulary of from 300 to 600 uninflected words. Most of them are derived from Eskimo but some are derived from English, Danish,Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. It is this jargon that is usually( 40 ) by travellers as “the Eskimo language”.
26. A. must be B. must have been C. ought to be D. should be
27. A. However B. Therefore C. Probably D. Undoubtedly
28. A. whose B. that C.which D.what
29. A. conspicuously B. usually C. surprisingly D. sufficiently 30. A. so as B. so that C. as such D. as well as
31. A. However B. Moreover C. Though D. Therefore
32. A. the others B. all others C. these D. those
33. A. single B. singular C. plural D. compound
34. A. some B. several C. various D. varied
35. A. getting B. causing C. having D. owning
36. A. endless B. multiple C. uncountable D. numerous
37. A. with B. for C. owing to D.as
38. A. still B. indeed C. just D. even
39. A. alike B. similar C. related D. relevant
40. A. referred to B. talked about C. spoken D. told
2003年
During McDonald’s early years French fries were made from scratch every day. Russet Burbank potatoes were (26), cut into shoestrings, and fried in its kitchens. (27)the chain expanded nationwide, in the mid-1960s, it sought to cut labour costs, reduce the number of suppliers, and (28) that its fries tasted the same at every restaurant. McDonald’s began (29) to frozen French fries in 1966—and few customers noticed the difference. (30), the change had a profound effect on the nation’s agriculture and diet. A familiar food had been transformed into a highly processed industrial (31). McDonald’s fries now come from huge manufacturing plants (32) can process two million pounds of potatoes a day. The expansion (33) McDonald’s and the popularity of its low-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat.
The taste of McDonald’s French fries played a crucial role in the chain’s success—fries are much more profitable than hamburgers—and was (34) praised by customers, competitors, and even food critics. Their (35) taste does not stem from the kind of potatoes that McDonald’s (36), the technology that processes them, or the restaurant equipment that fries them: other chains use Russet Burbank, buy their French fries from the (37) large processing companies, and have similar (38) in their restaurant kitchens. The taste of a French fry is (39)determined by the cooking oil. For decades McDonald’s cooked its French fries in a mixture of about 7 per cent cottonseed oil and 93 per cent beef fat. The mixture gave the fries their unique (40).
26. A.scaled B.stripped C.peeled D.sliced
27. A.As B.Due to C.Owing to D.With
28. A.ensue B.ensure C.enrich D.enable
29. A.switching B.divertingC.modifying D.altering
30. A.Still B.AnywayC.Besides D.Nevertheless
31. A.brand B.stuff C.commodity D.produce
32. A.this B.that C./ D.what
33. A.into B.from C.in D.of
34. A.long B.only C.first D.lonely
35. A.distinctive B.distinctC.distinguished D.distinguishable
36. A.possesses B.buys C.acquires D.grows
37. A.exact B.identical C.same D.alike
38. A.woks B.pots C.boilers D.fryers
39. A.adequateely B.massively C.plentifully D.largely 40. A.flavour B.fragrance C.smell D.perfume
2004
The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’ sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours’ wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides(26) the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this(27) can be modified.
The question is no mere academic one. The ease with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a(28)of growing importance in industry where automation(29) round-the-clock working of machines. It normally(30)from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a(31) routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. (32) it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine(33)he has to change to another, (34)much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very(35).
One answer would seem to be(36) periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. (37), recent research has shown that people on such systems will revert to go back to their(38) habits of sleep and wakefulness during the week-end and that this is quite enough to destroy any(39) to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to those permanent night workers whose(40) may persist through all week-ends and holidays.
26.A.in B.with C.of D.over
27.A.cycle B.period C.circle D.round
28.A.problem B.difficulty C.trouble D.matter
29.A.asks B.invites C.calls for D.reacts to
30.A.takes B.spends C.demands D.asks
31.A.former B.returned C.reversed D.regular
32.A.Therefore B.UnfortunatelyC.In a word D.In comparison33.A.as B.when C.then D.than
34.A.though B.so that C.while D.as
35.A.efficiently B.good C.easily D.happily
36.A.shorter B.better C.longer D.nicer
37.A.So B.In short C.Similarly D.However
38.A.new B.normal C.temporary D.favourite
39.A.change B.return C.adaptation D.tendency
40.A.wakefulness B.sleep C.preference D.habit 2005 A person’s home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time. Depending on personality, most have in mind a(n) “(31) ______ home”. But in general, and especially for the student or new wage earners, there are practical (32) of cash and location on achieving that idea.Cash (33) , in fact, often means that the only way of (34) when you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things (35) financially. There are obvious (36) of living at home—personal laundry is usually (37) done along with the family wash; meals are provided and there will be a well-established circle of friends to (38) . And there is (39) the responsibility for paying bills, rates, etc.
On the other hand, (40) depends on how a family gets on. Do your parents like your friends? You may love your family—(41) do you like them? Are you prepared to be (42) when your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you expect to be back? If you find that you cannot manage a(n) (43) , and that you finally have the money to leave, how do you (44) finding somewhere else to live?If you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are (45) well-known to you already. Friends and the local paper are always (46) . If you are going to work in a (47) area, again there are the papers—and the accommodation agencies, (48) these should be approached with (49) . Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the (50) of the first week’s rent, if you take accommodation they have found for you.
31. A. ideal B. perfect C. imaginary D. satisfactory
32. A. deficiencies B. weaknesses C. insufficiencies D. limitations
33. A. cut B. shortage C. lack D. drain
34. A. getting over B. getting in C. getting back D. getting along
35. A. improve B. enhance C. develop D. proceed
36. A. concerns b. issues C. advantages D. problems
37. A. still B. always C. habitually D. consequently
38. A. call in B. call over C. call upon D. call out
39. A. always B. rarely C. little D. sometimes
40. A. little B. enough C. many D. much
41. A. and B. but C. still D. or
42. A. tolerant B. hostile C. indifferent D. good-tempered
43. A. agreement B. consensus C. compromise D. deal
44. A. go about B. go over C. go in for D. go through
45. A. seldom B. less C. probably D. certainly
46. A. dependent B. a good source of information C. of great value D.reliable
47. A. familiar B. cold C. humid D. new
48. A. though B. while C. since D. as
49. A. enthusiasm B. hesitation C. caution D. concern
50. A. same B. equivalent C. equal D. simiarity
2006年
七．There
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