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《必修》4 Unit 5 Theme parks
【重点词汇】
1.theme:n. 题目;主题(曲)
The theme of the poem is love and peace.这首诗的主题是爱与和平。
theme park(依特定主题所建筑的)主题公园,(儿童)乐园;
theme song(美)(节目等的)主题曲,主题音乐
Love is a major theme of Robert Browning’s poetry.爱情是罗伯特·勃朗宁诗歌的主题。
2. amuse vt. 使发笑;使快活
amusing 引起乐趣的;逗人发笑的amused: adj. 快活的,;被逗乐的
amuse oneself 自我消遣;消遣。
A clown’s job is to amuse the spectators.小丑的工作就是消遣观众。
The thought seemed to amuse him.这个想法好像让他觉得好笑。
I need to amuse myself so I won't keep thinking about things.我需要自我消遣,这样我才不会始终想事情
The children amused themselves by playing hide-and-seek games.孩子们玩捉迷藏玩耍取乐。
3.various: adj. 不同的;各种各样的
It’s an ancient tale which appears in various guises in several languages.那是一个以几种语言叙述的古老的故事。
Uncleanliness is the root of various diseases. 不留意清洁是各种疾病的根源。
She's always going on about her various illnesses. 她老是唠唠叨叨地诉说她患的多种疾病。
These data have been collected from various sources. 这些数据是从各方面搜集来的。
1)动词:vary转变;使有变化;
2)其名词的搭配:a variety of=varieties of各种各样的
4.preserve:vt. 保存;疼惜;维持; n. 疼惜区;禁猎地;
We will do everything to preserve peace.我们将竭尽全力维护和平。
We need to preserve the forest.我们需要疼惜森林。
They were fighting in order to preserve their independence. 他们为了维护他们的独立而斗争
5. advance: n. 进展;前进; vt.vi. 前进;进展;.将……提前
Too much protein in the diet may advance the aging process.饮食中过多的蛋白质会使年轻的过程提前。
Let us join hands and advance together. 让我们携起手来, 共同前进。
This can become a driving force for social advance. 这能成为促使社会前进的动力。
You'll have to book (up) well in advance if you want to see an excellent floor show.假如你想看夜总会精彩的系列文娱表演,你得提前很多预订座位。
6. swing: n. 摇摆;摇摆;秋千; vi. 摇摆;摇摆
The sail of the little boat swung crazily from one side to the other.这艘小船的船帆发疯似地左右摇摆着。
She was swinging a bottle of wine by its neck.她当时正在握着瓶颈摇摆酒瓶。
Go to the neighbourhood park. Run around, push the kids on the swings.到四周的公园去吧。跑跑步,帮孩子们推一推秋千。
There they can swing and slide and go round and round for hours. 他们可以荡秋千、滑滑梯、处处跑,玩上好几个小时。
7.admission:n.允许进场;入场费;承认
Students apply for admission to a particular college.同学们申请某学院的入学许可。
Admission by ticket only.凭票入场。
By his own admission, he is not playing well.据他自己承认,他表现不佳。
admit让……进入;允许……进入;承认
They admitted him to be mad.他们承认他疯了。
He admitted t having taken the money.他承认拿了钱。
8.minority:n. 少数;少数民族
The nation wants peace,only a minority wants the war to continue.全国人民都要和平,只有少数人期望战斗连续。
A minority of the children wanted a dance,but the majority chose a picnic.少数孩子想举办一次舞会,而多数孩子选择了野餐。
Yes, there are some exceptions to this rule, but they are in the minority. 的确,对这个结果仍有一些人报以期盼,但是他们只是少数的。
Students who maintain or lose weight on campus may be in the minority, but they seem to stick together. 校内里那些保持或者减轻了体重的同学们可能是少数,但是他们好像团结在一起
【重点短语】
1.be famous for以……而出名
Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters .
She wants to be famous as a movie star. 她想当一个电影明星而成名。
2.no wonder: 难怪;不足为奇
Given these findings, it is perhaps no wonder that the job market is still so poor. 考虑到这些发觉,就业市场照旧如此不景气或许就不那么惊异了。
No wonder we love this guy. 难怪我们宠爱这个家伙
3.be modeled after:依据……仿照;仿造
It is modeled after the same pattern.它是依照同一模型制成的。
The boy modeled himself after his father.这个男孩以自己的父亲为榜样。
It will be modeled after the British health care system . 它将仿照英国的医疗保健系统.
4.get close to:接近;靠近
What kind of sample size do you need to generally get close to that actual? 为了得到接近实际的的结果,你一般需要什么样大小的样本?
People would get close to him, just to touch him. 人们靠近他只为了,只是为了于他接触。
5.in advance:提前
They will pay a hundred and thirty francs in advance. 他们将预付130法郎。
If there is any change about the time of the meeting, please notify us in advance.开会时间如有变, 请提前告知我们。
You'll have to book (up) well in advance if you want to see an excellent floor show假如你想看夜总会精彩的系列文娱表演,你得提前很多预订座位。
e to life活跃起来;糊涂
In doing this students learn to think critically and creatively as they decide how to make the music come to life.这样做同学的学习和制造性思考如何使他们打算音乐来生活。
We sat there impatiently waiting for her to come back to life. 我们不急躁的坐着等她糊涂
The wounded soldier came tolife again. 伤兵又糊涂过来..
As spring advanced, the flowers in the seed ranch began to come to life.春深了,苗圃里的花草又糊涂过来了。
【重点句型】
1. Whichever and whatever you like,there is a theme park for you!无论你宠爱哪一个,不管你宠爱什么,都会有一个适合你的主题公园!
【考点】Whichever whatever 引导的让步状语从句
wherever=no matter where
whenever=no matter when
however=no matter how
whatever,whichever,who(m)ever既可引导让步状语从句,又可引导名词性从句。whatever引导定语从句时=anything that。
no matter what,no matter which,no matter who (m)只引导让步状语从句。
(1)whichever 可以引导让步状语从句,此时相当于
no matter which。,
(2)whichever也可以引导主语从句和宾语从句。
意思是:无论哪一个。
(3)whoever, whatever 也是既可以引导让步状语从句,又可以引导名词性从句。
Whenever, wherever, however 一般多引导让步状语从句。
whichever和whatever在此引导让步状语从句,相当于no matter which和no matter what。
疑问词 +-ever与no matter+疑问词
“疑问词 +-ever”可分为两类,“疑问代词 +-ever”: whatever/whichever/whoever(宾格 whomever)和“疑问副词 +-ever”: wherever/whenever/however,其意义都是“不管/无论 +该疑问词的本意”。
(1)“疑问代词 +-ever”可引导两种类型的从句,即让步状语从句和名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句)。
A: 引导让步状语从句。此时 whatever/whoever/whichever分别等于“ no matter + what/who/which”。 B: 引导名词性从句。例如:此时它们都不能换成“ no matter + 疑问词”的形式。
Whoever smokes here will be punished. (主语从句)
Beggars will eat whatever they are given. (宾语从句)
2)“疑问副词+-ever”:wherever/whenever/however
一般只能引导一种类型的从句,即让步状语从句,此时它们分别等于“ no matter + where/when/how”。
Take whatever you want. 你可以拿你想要的任何东西。(≠no matter what,引导宾语从句)
Whoever (=No matter who) asks him for advice, he is always ready to help. (引导让步状语从句)不管谁来求助于他,他都乐于挂念。
Whichever (=No matter which) dictionary you want to buy, I’ll pay for it. (引导让步状语从句)无论你想买哪本词典,我都情愿付款。
2. It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true,whether you are travelling through space,visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character.无论你是在太空巡游,参观海盗船,还是邂逅你最宠爱的童话故事或者迪斯尼卡通里的人物,迪斯尼都会把你带到魔幻的世界,使你的幻想变为现实。
【考点】whether….or…. 1)whether...or...无论……还是……,可以引导让步状语从句。(2)whether...or...是……还是……,也可以引导主语从句和宾语从句。
Whether you believe it or not, he is a spy.
无论你信还是不信,他是一名间谍。
②Whether you like this idea or not I’m going ahead with it.无论你是否宠爱这个意见, 我将连续做下去。
3. Some s are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture. 有些公园由于有最大或最长的过山车而出名,另外一些则是由于呈现了某种文化景象而出名。
【考点】本句中的“some..., others...”意为“一些……另一些……”,连接了两个并列句,后一个句子省略了与前一句相同的部分“are famous”。
Some students are fond of being taught in a modern way with computer as an assistant, others of being taught in a traditional way using chalk and blackboard. 有些同学宠爱用电脑作为挂念的教学方法,其他同学则宠爱用粉笔加黑板的传统方式。
4. Theme parks---fun and more than fun
【考点】1)fun [fʌn] n.[U] 好玩的人或事,玩笑,消遣
funny adj.可笑的,好玩的,滑稽的
(1)Skating is good fun. 滑冰很好玩。
(2)Your friend is great fun. 你的伴侣真逗趣。
(3)The little cat is full of fun.
(4) It’s no fun spending the weekend doing nothing.
周末无事可做一点乐趣都没有。
5.Learning centres throughout the park let visitors try their own scientific experiments, as well as learn more about space travel, the undersea world and much more.学习中心遍及整个公园,旅客们可以做自己的科学试验,可以了解到更多的有关太空旅行和海底世界的有关学问,以及更多的其他学问。
6. Opened in 1987 ,Futuroscope is one of the largest space-age parks in the world. 开放于1987 年,观测将来主题公园是世界上最大的太空时代公园之一。
7. If driving ,Futuroscope is within easy reach of the freeway. 假如(你)开车的话,观测将来主题公园在高速大路很简洁到达的地方。
【重点语法】
构词法
一、转化法
英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
动词转化为名词
很多动词可以转化为名词,大多数意思没有多大的变化(如下①);有时意思有确定变化(如下②);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作(如下③)。如:
①Let’s go out for a walk.我们到外面去散闲逛吧。
②He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
③Let’s have a swim.咱们游泳吧。
名词转化为动词
很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。如:
①Did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗?
②Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。
③She nursed her husband back to health.她看护她丈夫,使他恢复了健康。
④We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。
形容词转化为动词
有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如:
We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
副词转化为动词
有少数副词可以转化为动词。如:
Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终将败露。
形容词转化为名词
表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①);某些形容词如old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数(如下②)。如:
①You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。
②The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
二、派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
前缀
除少数前缀外,前缀一般转变单词的意义,不转变词性;后缀一般转变词类,而不引起词义的变化。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,mis-,non-,un-等,在单词的前面加这类前缀经常构成与该词意义相反的新词。如:
appear 毁灭→disappear消逝 correct正确的→incorrect不正确的
lead带领→mislead领错 stop停下→non-stop不停
(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词),anti-(反对;抵制),auto-(自动),co-(共同),en-(使),inter-(相互),re-(再;又),sub-(下面的;次;小);tele-(强调距离)等。如:
alone单独的 anti-gas防毒气的
auto-chart自动图表 co-operate合作
enjoy使兴奋 Internet互联网
re-use再用 subway地铁
telephone电话
后缀
英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词,也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会转变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会转变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。
(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence,-(e)r/-or(从事某事的人),-ese(某地人),-ess(雌性),-ian(精通……的人),-ist(专业人员),-ment(性质;状态),-ness(性质;状态),-tion(动作;过程)等。如:
differ不同于→difference区分 write写→writer作家
Japan日本→Japanese日本人 act表演→actress女演员
mouth口→mouthful一口 music音乐→musician音乐家
(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n(多用于形容词之后),-fy(使……化),-ize(使……成为)。如:
wide→widen加宽 beauty→beautify美化
pure→purify提纯 real→realize意识到
organ→organize组织
(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al,-able(有力气的),-(a)n(某国人的),-en(多用于表示材料的名词后),-ern(方向的),-ese(某国人的),-ful,-(ic)al,-ish,-ive,-less(表示否定)-like(像……的),-ly,-ous,-some,-y(表示天气)等。如:
nature自然→natural自然的 reason道理→reasonable有道理的
America美国→American美国的 China中国→Chinese中国人的
gold金子→golden金的 east东方→eastern东方的
child孩子→childish孩子气的 snow雪→snowy雪的
(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度),ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。如:
angry生气的→angrily生气地
to到→towards朝……,向……
east东方→eastward向东
(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen(十几),-ty(几十),-th(构成序数词)。如:
six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六
four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十
三、合成法
合成法,即两个单词连在一起合成一个新词,前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。
合成名词
构成方式 例词
名词+名词 weekend (周末)
名词+动词 daybreak(黎明)
名词+动名词 handwriting(书法)
名词+及物动词+er/or pain-killer(止痛药)
名词+介词+名词 editor-in-chief(总编辑)
代词+名词 she-wolf(母狼)
动词+名词 typewriter(打字机)
动名词+名词 reading-room(阅览室)
现在分词+名词 flying-fish(飞鱼)
形容词+名词 gentleman(绅士)
副词+动词 outbreak(爆发)
介词+名词 afternoon(下午)
合成形容词
名词+形容词 snow-white(洁白的)
名词+现在分词 English-speaking(讲英语的)
名词+to+名词 face-to-face(面对面的)
名词+过去分词 man-made(人造的)
数词+名词 one-way(单行的)
数词+名词+形容词 two-year-old(两岁的)
数词+名词+ed five-storeyed(五层的)
动词+副词 see-through(透亮的)
形容词+名词 high-class(高级的)
形容词+名词+ed noble-minded(高尚的)
形容词+形容词 light-blue(浅蓝色的)
形容词+现在分词 good-looking(相貌好看的)
副词+形容词 ever-green(常青的)
副词+现在分词 hard-working(勤劳的)
副词+过去分词 well-known(出名的)
副词+名词 fast-food(特地供应快餐服务的)
介词+名词 downhill(下坡的)
合成动词
名词+动词 sleep-walk(梦游)
形容词+动词 white-wash(粉刷)
副词+动词 overthrow(推翻)
合成副词
形容词+名词 hotfoot(匆忙地)
形容词+副词 everywhere(处处)
副词+副词 however(尽管如此)
介词+名词 beforehand(事先)
介词+副词 forever(永久)
合成代词
代词宾格+self herself(她自己)
物主代词+self myself(我自己)
形容词+名词 anything(任何东西)
合成介词
副词+名词 inside(在……里面)
介词+副词 within(在……之内)
副词+介词 into(进入)
四、截短法(缩略法)
截短法,即将单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。
截头
telephone→phone aero-plane→plane omnibus→bus
去尾
mathematics→maths co-operate → co-op examination → exam
kilogram → kilo laboratory → lab taxicab → taxi
截头去尾
influenza → flu refrigerator → fridge prescription → script
五、混合法(混成法)
混合法,即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体,前半部分表示属性。
news broadcast → newscast新闻广播
television broadcast → telecast电视播送
smoke and fog → smog烟雾
helicopter airport → heliport直升飞机场
六、首尾字母缩略法
首尾字母缩略法,即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式,即各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音。
very important person → VIP(读字母音)要人;大人物
television → TV(读字母音)电视
Testing of English as a Foreign Language → TOEFL托福
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