资源描述
【阅读理解】
Peanuts to This
Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stonefaced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. “What could be causing everyone to act this way？”
Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real task I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice: flip(掷)a coin. Heads—the commander, and tails—the peanuts guy. Ah! Tails，my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver.
Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear，“My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quiet! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?
Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this around. I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No redos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmaster's office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my opinion to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!
1．What did the author's classmates think about his report?
A．Controversial. B．Ridiculous. C．Boring. D．Puzzling.
2．Why was the author confused about the task?
A．He was unfamiliar with American history.
B．He followed the advice and flipped a coin.
C．He forgot his teacher's instruction.
D．He was new at the school.
3．The underlined word“burning”in Para. 3 probably means ________.
A．annoyed B．ashamed C．ready D．eager
4．In the end, the author turned things around ________.
A．by redoing his task B．through his own efforts
C．with the help of his grandfather D．under the guidance of his headmaster
【要点综述】本文叙述了作者作为一个外来移民初入美国学校时，由于对美国历史不了解而闹出的一个笑话，但作者通过努力最终最终提高成果并实现跳级。
1. B 推理推断题。依据第一段内容我们知道，由于作者对美国历史的无知，弄混了乔治·华盛顿的身份，所以同学们听了作者写的报告忍不住大笑起来。“bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.”可知大家觉得这个报告很荒谬。controversial有争议的；ridiculous荒谬的，可笑的；boring无聊的；puzzling迷惑的，不解的。
2. A 推理推断题。 依据其次段“Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country”可知，作者是从别的国家初到美国，所以对美国历史不了解而闹了笑话。
3. D 词义猜想题。 依据全文叙述可知，作者是通过投掷硬币来打算的答案，因此犯了常识错误。第三段中“I was totally lost.”说明作者不明就里，所以当其他同学读报告时，作者渴望知道为什么。annoyed 苦恼的；ashamed惭愧的；ready预备好的，情愿的；eager渴望的。
4. B 细节理解题。 依据第四段“Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year.”可知作者是通过throw oneself into(乐观从事)而实现转变的。所以选B。文中老师并没有给作者机会重做，所以A错误；从祖父那里得到建议是在选择华盛顿身份时，所以C错误；而校长是在作者成果提高后才接见的，所以D错误。
人物传记型阅读理解
专题导读
人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、共性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、大事等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或大事的进展为主线，空间或规律线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。这类文章常接受倒叙的写作方法，即首先用几句话来简洁介绍这个人，接着介绍这个人的诞生、成长过程，然后再记述他(她)一两件主要的事情或业绩，来反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操，最终作者会对他(她)进行评论，从而表达作者对他(她)的情感。
人物传记类文章一般较长，而且该类命题的题量也较多。文章中往往会毁灭关于该人物的大量细节信息，有些细节很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有些则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能得出。因此，该类命题既留意考查对特定细节理解的精确性，又留意考查推理推断力气。
另外，虽然人物传记类文章的时间、空间或规律线索较清楚，但是为了提高难度，命题者往往使用倒叙、插叙或补叙等手段有意打乱故事的陈述次序，使行文的跳动性增加，情节也更简洁化。
真题典例
【2011·山东卷】Arthur Miller(1915－2005)is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century.Miller’s father had moved to the USA from AustriaHungary，drawn like so many others by the “Great American Dream”．However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.
Miller’s most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system，with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth.In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got
into trouble with this system.Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he can’t do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go.Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success.He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.
When it was first staged in 1949，the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews，and it won the Tony Award for Best Play，the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award，and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.
Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury，Connecticut，on the evening of February 10,2005，the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.
( )1.Why did Arthur Miller’s father move to the USA?
A．He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.
B．He was attracted by the “Great American Dream”．
C．He hoped to make his son a dramatist.
D．His family business failed.
( )2.The play Death of a Salesman________.
A．exposes the cruelty of the American business world
B．discusses the ways to get promoted in a company
C．talks about the business career of Arthur Miller
D．focuses on the skills in doing business
( )3.What can we learn about Willy Loman?
A．He treats his employer badly.
B．He runs the Wagner Company.
C．He is a victim of the American system.
D．He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.
( )4.After it was first staged，Death of a Salesman ________.
A．achieved huge success
B．won the first Tony Award
C．was warmly welcomed by salesmen
D．was severely attacked by dramatists
( )5.What is the text mainly about?
A．Arthur Miller and his family.
B．The awards Arthur Miller won.
C．The hardship Arthur Miller experienced.
D．Arthur Miller and his bestknown play.
【解析】亚瑟·米勒是二十世纪最宏大的剧作家之一。《推销员之死》是他最出名的一部作品，曾获得年度最佳百老汇戏剧托尼奖、普利策戏剧奖和纽约戏剧评论奖。这是第一部获得全部三项大奖的作品。
1．B 细节理解题。由第一段“...drawn like so many others by the ‘Great American Dream’．”可知应选B。
2．A 细节理解题。依据其次段第一句话可知，《推销员之死》是对美国制度的有力的抨击，后面又告知我们在这金钱至上的制度中，仆人公因迷茫、失败最终自杀，即暴露了美国商业世界的残酷。故正确答案是A。
3．C 推理推断题。依据其次段对剧中主角Willy的介绍，尤其是“got into trouble”、“burnt out”、“painfully”、“at a loss”以及“kills himself”等关键词可以告知我们Willy是美国制度的牺牲品，故选C。
4．A 细节理解题。依据第三段第一句话“When it was first staged in 1949，the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews...”可知答案为A。
5．D 主旨大意题。从全文推断，文章主要介绍了亚瑟·米勒的家庭背景和他最出名的作品《推销员之死》，因此D为正确答案。
【陕西省2022五校联考】
阅读下列四篇短文, 从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
LAST week, the College Board announced that it was revising the SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) in an effort to make it more acceptable to test-takers, teachers, college admission officers and the public more generally. Test-takers who receive lower scores than they have hoped for are likely to be concerned about their academic future. It’s no wonder that it’s hard to discuss the test without negative feelings.
The SAT isn’t perfect. Like any test, it can be misused, and may reflect unequal educational opportunities. Even before the announcement of the SAT’s redesign, experts were discussing the test’s limitations. Writing in The New Yorker, Elizabeth Kolbert described its questions as limited: “Critical thinking was never called for, let alone curiosity or imagination.” But the SAT provides an effective measure of a person’s ability to reason through verbal(文字性的) and mathematical materials, a skill required in college. Although there are conflicting reports on the issue, a study published in the journal Educational and Psychological Measurement in 2011 found that the SAT can meaningfully add to the prediction of a student’s first-year college academic performance, above his grades in high school alone. The fact that the SAT can help predict this is, to me, an astonishing achievement that cannot be ignored.
We cannot afford to ignore tests because they fall short of perfection or make us uncomfortable. But there’s a better way to make the SAT more acceptable in the long run: We should expand the types of tests we use so as to more fully reflect what students can do. What if, in addition to the SAT, students were offered new tests that measured more diverse abilities? For future artists or musicians, there are tests that measure creative thinking —a largely ignored ability by the SAT. For future engineers, there are tests that measure their sense of space. And new measures of “personal intelligence” — the ability to reason about a person’s motives, emotions and patterns of activities — may also tell us something important about students’ self-knowledge and understanding of others.
53. Why is it difficult for the test takers to discuss the test without negative feelings?
A. The SAT is unacceptable for the test takers, teachers, officers and the public.
B. They may not get satisfactory scores and it influences their admission to college.
C. The SAT can’t reflect their creative thinking, curiosity as well as their imagination.
D. The board don’t know how to make the SAT more suitable for the test takers.
54. Elizabeth Kolbert may consider the SAT to be _________.
A. imaginative B. creative C. critical D. limited
55. According to the text, the author may disagree with the idea that _________.
A. the SAT can at some point predict how a student will do in the freshman year of college academically
B. the SAT helps measure students’ ability of reasoning through their creativity and imagination
C. the SAT will be more acceptable if creative thinking, sense of space and personal intelligence are tested as well
D. the SAT has many limitations and it may make a difference to students’ educational opportunities
56. The article most probably appears in the newspaper column __________.2-1-c-n-j-y
A. Sports B. Entertainment C. City News D. Education
【参考答案】53-56 BDBD
语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【辽宁卷题型】
M: Excuse me, madam.
W: Yes?
M: Would you mind letting me take__1__look in your bag?
W: Well, I'm afraid I certainly do mind, if it's all the same__2__you. Now go away. Hey, taxi! I've got a train __3__(catch)
M: I'm sorry. I'm just trying to do my job but I'm afraid you're making__4__rather difficult. However, I must insist on seeing__5__you have in your bag.
W: And what do you expect to find in there? Jewels?
M: Madam, if there's__6__that doesn't belong to you, you can leave right away and I'll apologize for the__7__(convenient)
W: Oh, very well. There you are.
M: Thank you. And ten men's watches?
W: Yes. I get very nervous__8__I don't know the time.
M: I see you smoke a lot, too, madam. Fifteen cigarette lighters?
W: Yes, I'm rather a__9__(heavy )smoker. And... and I happen to collect lighters.
M: I bet you do, madam. Well, I'm afraid I'm going to have to ask you to come__10__with me.
W: How dare you! I ...
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：1.a 2.to 3.to catch 4.it 5.what
6.nothing 7.inconvenience 8.if 9.heavy 10.along
语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【全国新课标卷题型】
On keeping a Diary in English
Keeping a diary in English is one of the__1__(effect) ways to improve our English writing ability.
__2__(compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes__3__time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English.__4__we persist in this practice, gradually we'll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many__5__. In the first place，__6__often happens that we have trouble finding appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us to put them into English properly.
As far as I__7__(concern), my__8__(suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a ChineseEnglish dictionary within easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is__9__great use to keep a diary in English for__10__development of our writing skills.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：1.effective 2.Compared 3.less 4.If 5.difficulties
6.it 7.am concerned 8.suggestion 9.of 10.the
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