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阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2022·山东省济南市高考模拟】
To win an Oscar is an achievement at any age.To do so at 22，like Jennifer Lawrence，is just amazing.Recently，the American star won Best Actress at this year’s Academy Awards for her role in the film Silver Linings Playbook.According to Time magazine’s Richard Corliss，Lawrence is a rare young actress who lends mature intelligence to any role.
Though Lawrence has found great success through her big screen work，she wasn’t sure what she really liked doing before the age of 14.She thought she’d go to college and maybe find a career as a doctor or a travel agent.
Lawrence’s two brothers were star athletes and one of them was a straightA student.Unlike them，she suffered through school，never finding where she belonged.However，during a trip to New York，Lawrence suddenly realized that she wanted to be an actress.When she was enjoying the beautiful city，a model seeker asked if he could take her picture，and the next day he called her in for an audition (试镜)．
“I read the script and it was the first time I had that feeling like I understand this，” Lawrence said.“Within 20 minutes in the cab ride from the hotel，I decided I didn’t want to be a model.In fact，I wanted to be an actress.”Having appreciated this young lady’s performance，the agency was so impresed with her reading that they signed her on the spot.But she insisted on finishing high school so she could pay her full attention to her acting career.
Lawrence burst onto the Hollywood scene last year with The Hunger Games，which established her as the highestgrossing (票房最高的) female action hero of all time.Rolling Stone called her “the most talented young actress in America”．
1．Which of the following is true of Jennifer Lawrence?
A．She achieved her dream by chance.
B．She used to be a wellknown model.
C．She was awarded by the Academy Awards.
D．She wanted to be an actress at an early age.
2．What can we know about Jennifer Lawrence from Paragraph 3?
A．Her parents were really strict with her.
B．She seemed not to fit in with her school life well.
C．Her school performance made her today’s fame.
D．Her two brothers were doing well in all school subjects.
3．Lawrence made up her mind to be an actress because of________.
A．a model interview
B．her brothers’ examples
C．the taxi ride to her hotel
D．the beautiful scenery of New York
4．From the text we can know that Lawrence is an actress of great________.
A．confidence B．ambition
C．independence D．talent
5．What is the best title of the text?
A．Choosing Right B．Acting Wisely
C．Winning Young D．Following Dreams
语篇解读 本文主要叙述了好莱坞明星詹妮弗·劳伦斯凭借自己的才能和努力飞向幻想的殿堂的故事。
1．解析： 细节理解题。依据第一段的第三句“Recently，the American star won Best Actress at this year’s Academy Awards for her role in the film Silver Linings Playbook.”可知应选C。
答案： C
2．解析： 细节理解题。依据第三段的其次句“Unlike them，she suffered through school，never finding where she belonged.”可知她不是很适应学校生活，所以选B。
答案： B
3．解析： 细节理解题。依据第三段的内容可知，劳伦斯想成为一名演员的想法来源于一次模特面试，所以选A。
答案： A
4．解析： 细节理解题。依据第一段最终一句中的“a rare young actress who lends mature intelligence to any role”和最终一段的其次句“Rolling Stone called her ‘the most talented young actress in America’”．可知应选D。
答案： D
5．解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，Jennifer Lawrence年轻时凭借自己的才能和努力取得了成功。故最佳标题为Winning Young。
答案：C。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2021·潍坊5月模拟】
“Oh，you must have been a spoiled (宠坏的) kid.You must be really bossy.I wonder what you’re going to be like to deal with？” That’s often the response Angela Hult gets when people find out she’s an only child，she told ABC News.Despite such negative (消极的) remarks，Hult has decided to have only one child herself.And she’s not alone.
According to the US’ Office for National Statistics，women approaching the end of their childbearing years had an average of 1.9 children in 2004，compared with 3.1 for their counterparts in 1976.The percentage of onechild families in Britain had risen from 18 percent in 1972 to 26 percent in 2007.
But even though only children are becoming increasingly common，the traditional view that they’re selfish，spoiled and lack social skills holds strong.Even parents of only children，like Hult，are made to feel guilty about having only one child.Worried that they’re being selfish and endangering their child’s future，they flock to online discussion forums seeking advice.Soon，however，they ask themselves：is this social prejudice really reasonable?
“There have been hundreds and hundreds of research studies that show that only children are no different from their peers (同龄人)，” Susan Newman，a social psychologist at Rutgers University in the US，told ABC News.
This raises another question：why are only children still viewed with such suspicion?
“There is a belief that’s been around probably since humans first existed that to have just one child is somehow dangerous，both for you and for the continuation of your race，” Toni Falbo，a professor of educational psychology，told the Guardian.“In the past a lot of children died.You’d have had to be crazy to only have one.”
Times，of course，have changed and infant mortality (婴儿死亡率) has largely reduced.So what do only children themselves say?
Kayley Kravitz，a blogger for The Huffington Post，grew up as an only child and highly recommends the experience.“Being an only child taught me the most valuable skill of all：the ability to be alone，” she said.
1．Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
A．Are only children lonely?
B．Are only children common?
C．Are only children dangerous?
D．Are only children different?
2．What does Susan Newman mean?
A． Only children are as good as their peers.
B．Only children are more selfish and spoiled.
C．Parents feel guilty about having only one child.
D．Parents will endanger their only child’s future.
3．What is the common belief since human existed?
A．The infant death rate always stays high.
B．People are crazy to have only one child.
C．It’s easy for only children to earn their living.
D．It’s hard to continue the family line with only one child.
4．An only child like Kayley________.
A．must be difficult to persuade
B．can possibly learn to be alone
C．should value special skills
D．need ignore bad experience
5．What’s the author’s attitude towards having only one child?
A．Neutral. B．Negative.
C．Positive. D．Doubtful.
语篇解读 本文是一篇谈论文。尽管在英国越来越多的孩子都是独生子女，但很多人对独生子女的看法却照旧如故，认为他们自私、娇气、缺少社交技能。对此，独生子女们有他们的看法。
1．解析： 标题概括题。本文主要争辩了独生子女是否就是英国传统观念中的自私、娇气，缺少社交技能的人，所以D项最适合做文章的标题，故选D。
答案： D
2．解析： 细节理解题。依据第四段Susan Newman所说的话可知，成百上千的争辩表明独生子女和别的孩子没有什么区分，故选A。
答案： A
3．解析： 细节理解题。依据文章第六段中的“There is a belief that’s been around probably...both for you and for the continuation of your race”可知，自从人类存在以来，人们就认为只生一个孩子不论对你自己还是对种族的连续来说都是很危急的，故选D。
答案： D
4．解析： 细节理解题。依据文章最终一段中“Being an only child...the ability to be alone”可知，选B。
答案： B
5．解析： 观点态度题。文中提到不同人对于独生子女的不同观点，但并没有直接提到作者自己的看法，由此可知，应选A，中立的。
答案： A。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
If you were walking around a supermarket and saw a woman with a shaved head, a ring through her nose, a tattoo（纹身）design on her arm and she has a small child in her shopping trolley, what would your opinion be? Do you think this kind of body decoration is attractive or ugly? Different people have different ideas. The following are some examples of body decoration from around the world.
In many parts of Africa, it is thought that an attractive girl should have really shinny skin.
On Bali, a little island in Indonesia, they believe that a beautiful woman or handsome man must have perfectly straight, flat teeth. The Balinese believe that teeth with pointed edges make you look like an ugly wild animal. So when a girl or boy becomes a teenager, he or she is taken to a special person in their village who will file off teeth points to make them smooth and flat. There is no anesthetic（麻药）and this tooth filing is really painful. It is a kind of test. If you can stand it without screaming or crying too much, then you are thought ready to become an adult.
In Myanmar, there is a small group of people who are called the “Papaung”. They believe that a woman can only be really beautiful if she has a long neck. I mean a VERY long neck. Now you might think that you are either born with a long or short neck and that there’s nothing whatever you can do about it. But you would be wrong! At around the age of 5, a Papaung girl has heavy metal rings fitted around her neck, tightly between the chin and shoulders. Each year more rings are added and very, very slowly their weight pushes the shoulders down, in this way making the neck look longer. A Papaung woman will wear her neck rings all her life, never once taking them off.
So now I’m sure you will all agree that different people have different ideas about what is beautiful.
26. What is mainly talked about in paragraph one?
A. Women’s design. B. Beautiful body decoration.
C. Body decoration. D. Attractive decoration.
【答案】C
【解析】大意归纳题。第一段讲的是假如你在超市里见到一个剃光头，穿鼻环，胳膊上有纹身并且在购物车里推着一个小孩的女人，你会有什么看法。你认为这样的装饰是有魅力的还是丑陋的。由此可见答案选C。
27. What does the underlined word “trolley” mean?
A. schoolbag B. luggage C. basket D. shopping cart
【答案】D
【解析】词义猜想题。由在超市里和“she has a small child”可以推断出，孩子是在购物车里。
28. On Bali, it is believed that _________.
A. a person with straight, flat teeth looks ugly
B. a person with sharp teeth looks ugly
C. a teenager’s teeth points must be filed off with anesthetic
D. no one will scream or cry when having his teeth points filed off
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。由“The Balinese believe that teeth with pointed edges make you look like an ugly wild animal.”可知在巴厘岛牙齿尖的人被认为是丑陋的。
29. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Many people think that a woman with a ring through nose is neither attractive nor ugly.
B. Most African people think that a girl with shinny skin is beautiful.
C. It is thought that a beautiful woman should have straight, flat teeth on Bali.
D. Some people think it beautiful that a woman has a long neck in Myanmar.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。本文并没有讲到人们对于穿鼻环的女人有什么看法，只是举这个例子来说不同的人有不同的观点。所以A得说法不正确。
30. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Different ideas about beautiful.
B. Body Decoration.
C. Who is a beautiful woman?
D. What is beautiful?
【答案】D
【解析】标题归纳题。通过本文介绍巴厘岛和缅甸人对于秀丽的不用看法以及最终的“different people have different ideas about what is beautiful.”可以总结出文章的标题是“什么是秀丽？”
完形填空
阅读下面短文，把握其大意， 然后从21-40各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，
选出最佳选项。
It was the old lady’s birthday. She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street，and a little boy，Johnnie，__1__her letters from the ground floor on the rare__2__when anything came.
Today she was sure there would be something.Myra__3__forget her mother’s birthday，even if she__4__wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy，but？__5__，Enid，the daughter the old lady loved most，died two years ago. Since then Myra had been to see her mother three times，but her husband，Harold，never.
The old lady was eighty today. She had put on her best dress. Perhapsperhaps Myra might come. After all，eighty was a__6__birthday，another decade lined or tolerated just as you chose to look at it.__7__Myra did not come，she would send a present. The old lady was__8__of that. Two spots of colour__9__her cheeks. She was__10__like a child. She would enjoy her day!
Now，she stood by the window，__11__.The postman turned round the corner on his bicycle. Her heart beat__12__.Johnnie had seen him too and ran to the gate. Then clatter (咔嗒声)，clatter up the stairs. Johnnie knocked at her door. He had got her postfour envelopes. Three were unclosed cards from old friends. The fourth was closed，in Myra’s writing. The old lady felt a sharp pain of__13__.There was no parcel for her！Maybe the parcel was too large to come by letter post. That was it. It would come later by parcel post. She said to herself. She must be__14__.
Almost__15__she tore the envelope open.__16__in the card was a piece of paper. Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday Buy yourself something nice with the__17__，Myra and Harold. The cheque moved quickly to and for in the air to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. Slowly the old lady__18__to pick it up. Her present！Her__19__present！With__20__fingers she tore it into little bits.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了一个80岁老人在生日来临之际对自己唯一的亲人的殷殷期盼，但她最终盼来的确是一种无言的伤痛和无望。
1.A.took away B．brought up
C．moved off D．set down
解析 依据语境可知，此句是说老人把信件从“the ground floor”拿到“the second floor”。bring up意为“拿上来”，符合语境；take away意为“拿走，带走”，move off“意为“离开，动身”，set down意为“登记，放下”，均不符合语境。
答案 B
2．A. occasion B．opportunity
C．ceremony D．anniversary
解析 依据语境可知，此处是指在特殊的“场合”，与下文的other times作对比。occasion意为“场合”，符合语境；opportunity意为“机会”，ceremony意为“典礼，仪式”，anniversary意为“周年纪念日”，均不符合语境。
答案 A
3．A. mustn’t B．mightn’t
C．wouldn’t D．needn’t
解析 依据语境可知，此处是指老人坚信女儿确定不会遗忘自己的生日。表示“确定不会”时，应用wouldn’t。
答案 C
4．A. occasionally B．always
C．almost D．seldom
解析 依据下文可知，Myra由于工作繁忙，平常很少给妈妈写信。seldom意为“很少，不常”，符合语境；occasionally意为“间或，间或”，always意为“总是，始终”，almost意为“差不多，几乎”，均不符合语境。
答案 D
5．A. Unhappily B．Unfortunately
C．Unforgettably D．Unkindly
解析 依据常识可知，最爱的女儿Enid的离去自然是一件“不幸”的事情。unfortunately意为“不幸地”，符合语境；unhappily意为“不快乐地”，unforgettably意为“令人难忘地”，unkindly意为“薄情地，不客气地”，均不符合语境。
答案 B
6．A. casual B．remote
C．special D．conventional
解析 依据常识可知，“人生70古来稀”，80岁生日自然尤为“特殊”。special意为“特殊的”，符合语境；casual意为“任凭的，临时的”，remote意为“遥远的，疏远的”，conventional意为“传统的，常见的”，均不符合语境。
答案 C
7．A. Even if B．So that
C．In case D．Now that
解析 句意为：即使Myra不来，她也会送一份礼物。由句意可知，前后分句之间为一种让步关系，所以应用表示让步关系的连词even if，意为“即使”。
答案 A
8．A. proud B．capable
C．sure D．afraid
解析 依据下文的描述可知，老人坚信她的女儿即便不来也会送她礼物。be sure of为固定短语，意为“坚信，确信”，符合语境。
答案 C
9．A. sharpened B．weakened
C．widened D．brightened
解析 依据下文中的“She would enjoy her day！”可知，此处应指老人红光满面，面露喜 色。brighten意为“使闪亮，使欢快，使露喜色”，符合语境。
答案 D
10．A. excited B．alarmed
C．inspired D．satisfied
解析 依据语境可知，老人此时兴奋得像个孩子。excited意为“兴奋的，感动的”，符合语境。
答案 A
11．A. thinking B．imagining
C．welcoming D．watching
解析 依据上下文语境可知，此句是指老人久久地站在门口，期盼着礼物的到来。因此选watching最符合语境，意为“守望，远眺”。
答案 D
12．A. steadily B．wildly
C．nervously D．randomly
解析 依据语境可知，此处应选wildly，该词是一种夸张的表达，旨在体现老人无法掩饰的、因迫切而慌乱感动的心情。
答案 B
13．A. discontent B．loneliness
C．disappointment D．annoyance
解析 依据上下文语境可知，此句是指老人的心情由从前“狂乱的兴奋”跌之“沉重的无望”，是一种修辞上的对比。disappointment意为“无望，懊丧”，符合语境。
答案 C
14．A. patient B．anxious
C．urgent D．mild
解析 依据语境可知，此句是指老人自我解嘲、自我劝慰的一种无奈的表达，同时也暗含着一丝苦涩的期盼，所以老人告诫自己还要“急躁一点儿”。patient意为“急躁的”，符合语境。
答案 A
15．A. immediately B．cheerfully
C．angrily D．unwillingly
解析 依据语境可知，此句是指老人对自己期盼的“礼物”格外无望，因此不情愿打开它。unwillingly意为“不情愿地，牵强地”，符合语境；immediately意为“马上，马上”，cheerfully意为“快乐奋兴地”，angrily意为“生气地”，均不符合语境。
答案 D
16．A. Pinned B．Folded
C．Lined D．Roped
解析 依据下文的“a piece of paper”可知，此处应选fold，意为“折叠，合拢”，表示“在卡片里折了一张纸”。
答案 B
17．A. card B．bonus
C．cheque D．cash
解析 依据下文中的“The cheque moved quickly”可知，此处应选cheque，意为“支票”，符合语境。
答案 C
18．A. bent B．leaned
C．struggled
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