有关食品安全的翻译讲课讲稿.doc

学习-----好资料
1. 食品安全与食品在消费环节（由消费者摄入）食源性危害的存在有关。由于食品链的任何阶段均可能引入食品安全危害，必需对整个食品链进行充分的控制。因此，食品安全必须通过食品链中所有参与方的共同努力来保证。
为了确保食品链每个环节所有相关的食品危害均得到识别和充分控制，整个食品链进行的沟通必不可少。因此，组织与其在食品链中的上游和下游的组织之间均需要进行沟通。尤其对于已确定的危害和采取的控制措施，应与顾客和供方进行沟通，这将有助于明确顾客和供方的要求(如在可行性、需求和对终产品的影响方面)。

Food safety is related to the presence of food-borne hazards in food at the point of consumption (intake by the consumer). As the introduction of food safety hazards can occur at any stage of the food chain, adequate control throughout the food chain is essential. Thus, food safety is ensured through the combined efforts of all the parties participating in the food chain.

Communication along the food chain is essential to ensure that all relevant food safety hazards are identified and adequately controlled at each step within the food chain. This implies communication between organizations both upstream and downstream in the food chain. Communication with customers and suppliers about identified hazards and control measures will assist in clarifying customer and supplier requirements (e.g. with regard to the feasibility and need for these requirements and their impact on the end product).

2. 民以食为天。食品是人类赖以生存和发展的最基本的物质条件。

我国目前的食品安全监管较发达国家而言，起步较缓、问题较多，造成我国食品安全问题屡禁不绝的重要原因还是在于我国食品安全缺乏完整的保障体系。我们认为，在今后较长的一段时间里，我国应当把在整体上建立我国食品安全的保障体系作为食品安全工作重点和战略目标来实现。
一、基本建立和逐步完善我国食品安全法律体系

二、建立和完善统一协调、权责明晰的食品安全监管体系

三、建立较为完善的食品安全应急处理体系

四、完善统一全面的食品安全标准和检验检测体系

五、建立和完善我国食品安全风险评估评价体系

六、初步建立我国食品安全信用体系

七、提高安全意识
Hunger breeds discontent. Food is a human existence and development of the most basic material conditions.

At present, China's food safety control, the more developed countries, starting a more moderate, more problems, resulting in China's food safety problems Lvjinbujue an important reason for China's food safety lies with the lack of a complete security system. We believe that the next longer period of time, our country as a whole should be the establishment of China's food safety system to protect food safety as a priority and to achieve strategic objectives.
First, the basic set up and gradually improve China's food safety law

Second, the establishment and improvement of coordination, clear responsibilities of food safety monitoring system

Third, the establishment of a more comprehensive food safety system to deal with emergency

Fourth, improve the comprehensive reunification of the food safety standards and inspection system

Fifth, the establishment and improvement of China's food safety risk assessment evaluation system

Sixth, the initial establishment of China's food safety credit system
3. Filler in Animal Feed Is Open Secret in China
在中国动物食品中加添加剂已是公开的秘密

By DAVID BARBOZA and ALEXEI BARRIONUEVO报道

ZHANGQIU, China, April 28 — As American food safety regulators head to China to investigate how a chemical made from coal found its way into pet food that killed dogs and cats in the United States, workers in this heavily polluted northern city openly admit that the substance is routinely added to animal feed as a fake protein.

4月28日，章丘，中国------美国食品安全检查官员前往中国，调查一种从煤炭中提取的化学物质是怎么样进入到宠物饲料中的。这种宠物食品已经导致美国的许多宠物猫狗死亡。

For years, producers of animal feed all over China have secretly supplemented their feed with the substance, called melamine, a cheap additive that looks like protein in tests, even though it does not provide any nutritional benefits, according to melamine scrap traders and agricultural workers here.

这个重度污染的北方城市的工人们公开承认这种物质是作为一种假冒蛋白质例行加入到动物食品中。几年来，全中国的动物食品生产者一直秘密地把这种叫三聚氰胺的物质添加到他们生产的食品中。这种物质是很便宜的添加剂，味道象蛋白质，按照三聚氰胺供货商和这儿的民工的说法，这种物质不含任何营养成份。

“Many companies buy melamine scrap to make animal feed, such as fish feed,” said Ji Denghui, general manager of the Fujian Sanming Dinghui Chemical Company, which sells melamine. “I don’t know if there’s a regulation on it. Probably not. No law or regulation（规章） says ‘don’t do it,’ so everyone’s doing it. The laws in China are like that, aren’t they? If there’s no accident, there won’t be any regulation.”

“许多公司购买三聚氰胺用来制造动物食品，比如鱼饲料”，纪登辉，福建三明Dinghui化学公司经理（该公司销售三聚氰胺）说：“我不知道是否有关于三聚氰胺的法规，可能没有。没有法律或法规说‘不要这么做’，因此每个人都这么干。法律在中国就是这样，不是吗？如果没有意外，将不会有任何法规”。

Melamine is at the center of a recall of 60 million packages of pet food, after the chemical was found in wheat gluten（麦麸） linked this month to the deaths of at least 16 pets in the United States.

这种化学制品被发现在麦麸中，联系到这个月美国至少16只宠物的死亡，6千万包宠物食品被召回，三聚氰胺是主因。

No one knows exactly how melamine (which is not believed to be particularly toxic) became so fatal in pet food, but its presence in any form of American food is illegal.

没人正确地知道三聚氰胺（人们不认为它是特殊有毒的物质）在宠物食品中是怎样致命的，但是，它在美国任何一种形式的食品中存在都是非法的。

The link to China has set off concerns among critics of the Food and Drug Administration that ingredients in pet food as well as human food, which are increasingly coming from abroad, are not being adequately screened.

美国食品和药品治理局对关于中国的这起事件表示担忧，批评家认为人类食用的食品与宠物食品的配方是一样的，而且目前正以增长态势从国外进口至美国，但这些产品并没有得到严格的筛选和检验。

“They have fewer people inspecting product at the ports than ever before,” says Caroline Smith DeWaal, the director of food safety for the Center for Science in the Public Interest in Washington. “Until China gets programs in place to verify the safety of their products, they need to be inspected by U.S. inspectors. This open-door policy on food ingredients is an open invitation for an attack on the food supply, either intentional or unintentional.”

卡洛琳史密斯，食品安全中心主任,日前在华盛顿大众营养科学健康中心的会议上指出：“.港口的检验人员比以往的任何时候少了许多。”“当中国按照程序把他们的产品提交检验，需要由美国的检验人员验证食品的安全性。对食品添加剂的这一开放政策是对食品供应的一种公然攻击,不论是故意或非故意.

Now, with evidence mounting that the tainted wheat gluten came from China, American regulators have been granted permission to visit the region to conduct inspections of food treatment facilities.

现在,有证据显示,在抽检的小麦谷朊粉来自中国，美国监管机构已经获准前往该地区进行检查食品的处理设施。

The Food and Drug Administration has already banned imports of wheat gluten from China after it received more than 14,000 reports of pets believed to have been sickened by packaged food. And last week, the agency opened a criminal investigation in the case and searched the offices of at least one pet food supplier.

FDA已禁止进口来自中国的谷朊粉，FDA已接获超过14,000报告认为,宠物的病因是由这种包装食品引起的。上周，该机构开设了案件调查小组，并搜查他的办公室至少有一宠物食品供应。

The Department of Agriculture has also stepped in. On Thursday, the agency ordered more than 6,000 hogs to be quarantined or slaughtered after some of the pet food ingredients laced with melamine were accidentally sent to hog（猪） farms in eight states, including California.

农业部也加强力度调查此事，周二，含有三聚氰胺的宠物饲料被误送到包括美国加州在内的8个国家，.该机构对超过6000头猪被隔离或宰杀。

Scientists are now trying to determine whether melamine could be harmful to humans.

科学家们正试图证实三聚氰胺可能对人体健康有害.

The pet food case is also putting China’s agricultural exports under greater scrutiny（彻查） because the country has had a terrible food safety record.

宠物食品案件使得中国的农产品出口受到更严格的审议,因为该国曾有过可怕食品安全记录.

In recent years, for instance, China’s food safety scandals have involved everything from fake baby milk formulas and soy sauce made from human hair to instances where cuttlefish were soaked in calligraphy ink to improve their color and eels were fed contraceptive pills to make them grow long and slim.

近年来，中国食品安全的丑闻不断，例如婴儿奶粉掺假事件，人的头发制成酱油，鱿鱼浸泡在书法油墨,以改善其颜色，鳗鱼用避孕药喂养以刺激生长等等。

For its part, Chinese officials dispute any suggestion that melamine from the country could have killed pets. But regulators here on Friday banned the use of melamine in vegetable proteins made for export or for use in domestic food supplies.

中国政府官员就来自中国的三聚氰胺可以杀死宠物提出异议， 但监管机构在周五禁止使用三聚氰胺的植物蛋白用于出口,或用于国内粮食供应。

Yet what is clear from visiting this region of northeast China is that for years melamine has been quietly mixed into Chinese animal feed and then sold to unsuspecting farmers as protein-rich pig, poultry（家禽） and fish feed.

但有一点很清晰,从中国东北的调查看来,三聚氰胺多年来一直在被混在动物饲料中,然后出售给毫无戒心的农民作为猪、家禽和鱼的一种富含蛋白质的饲料。

Many animal feed operators here advertise on the Internet, seeking to purchase melamine scrap. The Xuzhou Anying Biologic Technology Development Company, one of the companies that American regulators named as having shipped melamine-tainted wheat gluten to the United States, had posted such a notice on the Internet last March.

许多宠物饲料公司在互联网上发布广告求购三聚氰胺废料，被美国监管机构称为具有生产含有三聚氰胺谷朊粉的徐州安营生物技术开发公司的公司就是其中之一。

Here at the Shandong Mingshui Great Chemical Group factory, huge boiler vats are turning coal into melamine, which is then used to create plastics and fertilizer.

山东明水大化集团的工厂,庞大的锅炉正把煤转化成三聚青胺，,用来制造塑胶和化肥。

But the leftover melamine scrap, golf ball-size chunks of white rock, is sometimes being sold to local agricultural entrepreneurs，who say they mix a powdered form of the scrap into animal feed to deceive those who raise animals into thinking they are buying feed that is high in protein.

但是这些三聚氰胺的边角料,一种像高尔夫球大小的大块白色石头,有时就卖给当地的农业企业家,据说他们就是把这些边角料磨成粉末，变成饲料给欺骗那些饲养户，声称他们所买的饲料是富含高蛋白的.

Just saves money if you add melamine scrap,” said the manager of an animal feed factory here.

一个宠物饲料厂的经理说，这只是为了节约成本。

Last Friday here in Zhangqiu, a fast-growing industrial city southeast of Beijing, two animal feed producers explained in great detail how they purchase low-grade wheat, corn, soybean or other proteins and then mix in small portions of nitrogen-rich melamine scrap, whose chemical properties help the feed register an inflated protein level.

上周五，在章丘，中国北京东南方向的一个快速增长的工业城市，两个动物饲料生产者详细地解释了他们如何购买劣质小麦，玉米大豆或其他蛋白质，然后拌少量的富含三聚氰胺废料的化学物质,帮助饲料膨胀。

Melamine is the new scam of choice, they say, because urea another nitrogen-rich chemical — is illegal for use in pig and poultry feed and can be easily detected in China as well as in the United States.

三聚氰胺是新的骗局，他们说，由于含有尿素氮的化学品是禁止在猪和家禽饲料中使用的，无论在中国或者是美国，都很轻易被检测出来。

“People use melamine scrap to boost nitrogen levels for the tests,” said the manager of the animal feed factory. “If you add it in small quantities, it won’t hurt the animals.”

饲料厂的经理称：人们用废弃的三聚氰胺来增加氮含量进行了检测，如果只是添加少量的,它不会伤害到动物。

The manager, who works at a small animal feed operation here that consists of a handful of storage and mixing areas, said he has mixed melamine scrap into animal feed for years.

这家生产小动物饲料的工厂经理说，多年来，他都有把一小部分的三聚氰胺废料添加到在饲料中。

He said he was not currently using melamine. But he then pulled out a plastic bag containing what he said was melamine powder and said he could dye it any color to match the right feed stock。

他说,他目前也没有用到三聚氰胺. 但随后他拿出一张一个塑料袋子，里面装的据说就是三聚氰胺粉,并说这种物质可以作为染料使得产品的颜色与饲料的原料一样。

He said that melamine used in pet food would probably not be harmful. “Pets are not like pigs or chickens,” he said casually, explaining that they can afford to eat less protein. “They don’t need to grow fast.”

他说三聚氰胺用于宠物食品可能不会有多大害处。 猫不象猪或鸡,他无意间说道，猫可以尽量少吃蛋白质。他们并不需要快速生长。

The resulting melamine-tainted feed would be weak in protein, he acknowledged, which means the feed is less nutritious.

被三聚氰胺污染饲料就会削弱蛋白质的营养成分，他承认，这意味着饲料的营养更少。

But, by using the melamine additive, the feed seller makes a heftier profit because melamine scrap is much cheaper than soy, wheat or corn protein.

但是,用三聚氰胺添加剂饲料，卖方牟取高额利润，因为三聚氰胺废料要比大豆,小麦或玉米的蛋白质要便宜许多。

“It’s true you can make a lot more profit by putting melamine in,” said another animal feed seller here in Zhangqiu. “Melamine will cost you about $1.20 for each protein count per ton whereas real protein costs you about $6, so you can see the difference.”

“三聚氰胺这东西真的可以为你赚更多的利润”，章丘另一个饲料生产商说：“每一种动物的饲料中，一吨谷朊粉中用三聚氰胺废料这种添加剂的成本约1.20美元，而用真实的蛋白质，成本是6美元。所以你可以看到差别。”

Feed producers who use melamine here say the tainted feed is often shipped to feed mills in the Yangtze River Delta, near Shanghai, or down to Guangdong Province, near Hong Kong. They also said they knew that some melamine-laced feed had been exported to other parts of Asia, including South Korea, North Korea, Indonesia and Thailand.

饲料生产商往往将这种混有三聚氰胺的不干不净饲料运往长江三角洲,靠近上海,或到广东省、香港四周。他们说，他们知道有些含有三聚氰胺的饲料已出口到亚洲其它地区,包括南韩,北韩,印尼和泰国.

Evidence is mounting that Chinese protein exports have been tainted with melamine and that its use in agricultural regions like this one is widespread. But the government has issued no recall of any food or feed product here in China.

调查证据显示,中国出口蛋白质含有三聚氰胺,在农业为主的地区，这种现象很普遍， 但政府并没有对任何食品或饲料生产厂家发出召回命令。

Indeed, few people outside the agriculture business know about the use of melamine scrap. The Chinese news media — which is strictly censored — has not reported much about the country’s ties to the pet food recall in the United States. And few in agriculture here do not see any harm in using melamine in small doses; they simply see it as cheating a little on protein, not harming animals or pets.

事实上,从事农业经营以外的人很少了解到可以在饲料中使用三聚氰胺废料。中国新闻媒体，这是被政府严格控制的舆论，却并未报到多少关系到他们国家的宠物食品在美国被召回。 在这里小剂量的使用三聚氰胺，也看不出有任何危害；他们只把它看作掺杂少许的添加剂以替代蛋白质，而不是伤害动物或宠物。

As for the sale of melamine scrap, it is increasingly popular as a fake ingredient in feed, traders and workers here say.

当地的商人和工人声称，三聚氰胺废料作为饲料添加剂销售，却日益受到欢迎。

At the Hebei Haixing Insect Net Factory in nearby Hebei Province, which makes animal feed, a manager named Guo Qingyin said: “In the past melamine scrap was free, but the price has been going up in the past few years. Consumption of melamine scrap is probably bigger than that of urea in the animal feed industry now.”

在四周的河北省河北海星动物饲料厂，郭庆元经理说:在过去三聚氰胺废料是免费的，但现在价格一直在往上走，现在，三聚氰胺废料可能大大超过用尿素作为饲料添加剂。

And so melamine producers like the ones here in Zhangqiu are busy.

所以章丘这里生产三聚氰胺废料的厂家都很忙。

A man named Jing, who works in the sales department at the Shandong Mingshui Great Chemical Group factory here, said on Friday that prices have been rising, but he said that he had no idea how the company’s melamine scrap is used.

一个在山东明水大化集团销售部门名叫JING的人说，周五以来三聚氰胺价格一直在上升，但他说他已经不知道公司是否还在使用三聚氰胺废料。

“We have an auction（拍卖） for melamine scrap every three months,” he said. “I haven’t heard of it being added to animal feed. It’s not for animal feed.”

我们每三个月就拍卖一次三聚氰胺废弃物他说。 但我没有听到它被加到动物饲料中。这不是作动物饲料.
5.
But especially look into alternative catering companies. As I’ve been getting a lot of negative feedback from the employees that the standard of service and quality of the food has been getting worse.
但是特别要调查一下其它可选的餐饮公司. 因为我从雇员那里得到很多负面反馈.说服务的标准和食品质量越来越差了.
Also I think you need to have a word with our catering company about the quality of the food lately in the company cafeteria. I've been receiving a lot of complaints lately.
此外我认为你有必要和提供我们餐饮的公司就公司食堂的食品质量问题谈一谈.最近我听到好多抱怨.
You can laugh, but lots of people are concerned about GM food. GM food has its supporters. But until we know for sure, I'd like to be on the safe side.
你可以笑我，但是很多人都关注着转基因食品呢。转基因食品有它的支持者，但是在我们没有确定之前，我宁愿保险一些。
'食品质量安全'
1. How to Carry out Regulation of Food Quality and Safety Market Access for Food Enterprises
食品企业如何实施食品质量安全市场准入制度
2. Public awareness and demand for safer food in Hong Kong has risen sharply in recent years, prompted by a spate of scares.

2、消费者分析近年来，在恐慌心理爆发的影响下，香港公众对提高食品质量安全的意识和要求显著提高。
3. The result