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阅读理解专题卷43
After an extra day in space,the crew of Discovery returned to Earth,landing at Edwards Air Force Base in California early on Tuesday morning.The shuttle and its crew spent two weeks in space,most of it aboard the International Space Station.It was the first flight of NASA's spaceshuttle fleet since February 2003,when the shuttle Columbia came apart while reentering Earth's atmosphere.
NASA officials delayed Discovery's return for one day because of cloudy weather in Florida,where the shuttle was supposed to lanD. On Tuesday morning,mission controllers directed Discovery to a landing site in California,where the skies were clear.The crew members will have to wait until Wednesday to see their families when they all meet together in Houston at the Johnson Space Center.
Discovery had a very busy mission in space,compared to past missions.The space shuttle docked with the International Space Station most of the journey,delivering badly needed supplies and repairing damaged parts.The crew spent a lot of time testing new repair techniques on their own shuttle,conducting three different spacewalks(where astronauts exit the space shuttle to do work outside).On the third spacewalk,astronaut Steve Robinson went underneath the shuttle to remove material sticking out from between the spacecraft's protective tiles.
There were concerns in the last remaining days of Discovery's mission that a torn heat blanket—another shield against overheating in the space shuttle—may pose a problem to crew members. NASA officials and technicians worked on ways that the crew could fix the problem, but later decided it was not a risk.
With the shuttle and its crew safely back on firm ground, NASA is hailing this mission, labeled STS114,as a huge success. “I hope this shows people that we're coming back,” NASA spaceflight chief Bill Readdy said after Discovery's successful landing. “We've got some more work to do. We know what we need to do and we'll do it.
1．Which of the following isn't included in the jobs of the shuttle Discovery?
A. Delivering supplies to the International Space Station.
B. Conducting different spacewalks.
C. Testing new repair techniques.
D. Finding the cause why the shuttle Columbia came apart.
2． But for the cloudy weather, the shuttle Discovery would have landed_______.
A. in Florida a day earlier B. in Florida a day later
C. in California a day earlier D. in California a day later
3．Which is the most probable period of time that Discovery was aboard the International Space Station?
A. Six days. B. Two weeks.
C. Nine days. D. Two weeks and an extra day.
4．What's the best title for the passage?
A. Another Huge Success of Discovery
B. Welcome Back, Discovery
C. Discovery and International Space Station
D. Discovery Survives a Risk
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strong happened to the large animals; they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived; the large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction.
Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. That the seas are being over-fished has been known for years and researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) inanes fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative (保守的). One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around noise.
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the date support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
5．The aim of the extinction of large prehistoric animals is to suggest that _______.
A. large animal were not easy to survive in the changing environment
B. small species survived as large animals disappeared
C. large sea animals may face the same threat today.
D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
6．We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that _______.
A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%
B. there are only half as many fisheries are there were 15 years ago
C. the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount
D. the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old
7．By saying these figures are conservative (line 1, paragraph 3), Dr worm means that_______.
A. fishing technology has improved rapidly
B. then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded
C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss
D. the date collected so far are out of date.
8．Dr Myers and other researchers hold that _______.
A. people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer time
B. fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass
C. the ocean biomass should restore its original level.
D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation.
9．The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ _______.
A. management efficiency
B. biomass level
C. catch-size limits
D. technological application.
Making greener choices and encouraging healthy lifestyles can promote your health and benefit the environment．Here are some guidelines to follow:
Choose foods thoughtfully
Americans have never had such a variety or abundance of food to choose from．Besides so many choices, we now hear about our "food print", the amount of land needed to supply one person's nutritional needs for a year．Do we buy cherry tomatoes from Mexico or tomatoes grown locally in a hothouse? Do．we get the Granny Smiths from the fanners' market or the supermarket? Is organic produce healthier for us and the planet?
These are very complex issues that require analysis of many criteria, including the energy used in producing and transporting the food, as well as the type of soil and methods of raising the food．
Despite the complexities, there are some general guidelines you can follow．For instance, eat less meat or eat low on the food chain．Your doctor may have recommended you to restrict your consume red meat because of its too much fat content．Beyond that, there are environmental reasons, too. Raise food animals contributes substantially to climate change because a meat-based diet requires more land, energy and water than a plant - based one．
Drinking plenty of fluids is significant during hot weather or when exercising．But is bottled water the way to go? You may not think so when seeing the true costs．Based on a survey, manufacturing the 30 - plus billion plastic water bottles can produce more than 2．5 million tons of carbon dioxide and use here times the amount of water in the bottle．Adding in transportation, the energy used comes to over 50 million barrels of oil equivalent （等价物）．Consequently, skip the bottled water and drink tap water, both at home and at restaurants．Additionally, bottled water is not necessarily cleaner than tap.
10．In Paragraph 2 the author puts forward three questions mainly _____．
A．to prove Americans have less food to choose from
B．to show us the shopping habits of most Americans
C．to indicate Americans tend to buy food from abroad
D．to remind people to reconsider their food purchase
11．The doctor recommends eating less red meat partly because _____．
A．it contains too much fat B．it costs a lot in transportation
C．it is too low on the food chain D．it isn't related to climate change
12．According to the text, which of the following is true?
A．Americans all prefer to buy cherry tomatoes from Mexico．
B．The plant - based diet is responsible for the climate change．
C．Americans have a variety of food to choose from．
D．Organic produce is the only choice for Americans．
13．Based on the last paragraph, we know that _____．
A．bottled water is cleaner than tap water
B．tap water is economical as well as eco - friendly
C．bottled water is more available than tap water
D．tap water uses one - third the cost of bottled water
14．What is the best subtitle for the last paragraph?
A．Skip bottled water, carry tap B．Drink bottled water
C．Produce plastic water bottles D．Save water resources
“If music is the medicine of the soul(灵魂), let it play on,” said a famous person. I think he said so because probably he got some help from music. Music has some strange abilities. Medical scientists have found that a person that feels stressed can actually listen to some kind of music and become well.
The researchers said that since stress comes as a result of life events such as starting a new family, starting a new business, and starting a new job, one can actually listen to good music and feel good because good music touches the human mind in a positive way. Music helps you to forget the life events that make you worried and remember the important events that once happened in your life.
Depression(抑郁) is a disease cause by stress, smoking, social problems and so on. Depression is also caused by problems such as failure in business. Depression may bring us weakness, headache, and loss of concentration. Good music makes one remember happy moments or good days. If you play music about love, it makes you feel like falling in love again though you may have had several upset experiences. And such good feeling make you healthy.
Anxiety(焦虑) is another health problem that can be controlled by music. Anxiety is a side effect of some major health problems such as cancer of the liver and cancer of the breast. Good music makes you feel relaxed and removes the pains from these diseases and you feel all right.
Good music can send you to sleep. And you need to know that sleep puts your body in a healthy condition. Sleep takes away the effects of stress, depression and anxiety from a person.
15．According to the famous person in Paragraph 1, music can___________.
A. treat many kinds of diseases
B. help you keep healthy in your mind
C. take the place of medicine in treating illness
D. make you remember things happened in the past
16．Good music helps people remove stress mainly by _________.
A. letting people have a good sleep
B. making people think positively
C. showing something new to people
D. making people focus only on important things
17．Which of the following is NOT a reason for depression mentioned in the passage?
A. Stress B. Smoking C. Failure in business D. Loss of concentration
18．According to the passage, one who has cancer will most probably experience __________.
A. stress B. depression C. anxiety D. upset
19．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. The health benefits of listening to music
B. Stress can bring us many kinds of diseases
C. Some diseases have something to do with music
D. Tips for us to live a healthy and comfortable life
When you practice reading with passages shorter than book length, do not try to take in each word separately, one after the other. It is much more difficult to grasp the broad theme of the passage this way, and you will also get the stuck on individual words which may not be absolutely essential to a general understanding of the passage. It is a good idea to skim through the passage very quickly first to get the general idea of each paragraph. Titles, paragraph headings and emphasized words can be a great help in getting this skeleton outline of the passage. It is surprising how many people do not read titles, introductions or paragraph headings. Can you, without looking back, remember the title of this passage and the heading of this paragraph?
Most paragraphs of a passage or chapter have a 'topic sentence' which expresses the central idea. The remaining sentences expand or support that idea. It has been estimated that between 50% and 90% of all expositive（说明的）paragraphs in English have the topic sentence first. Always pay special attention to the first sentence of a paragraph, it is most likely to give you the main idea.
Sometimes, though, the first sentence in the paragraph does not have the feel of 'main idea' sentence. It does not seem to give us enough new information to justify a paragraph. The next most likely place to look for the topic sentence is the last sentence of the paragraph.
Remember that the opening and closing paragraphs of a passage or chapter are particularly important. The opening paragraph suggests the general direction and content of the piece, while the closing paragraph often summarizes the very essence（精髓）.
20．It is a good idea to skim through a passage quickly first ____________.
A. at about 315 w.p.m.（words per minute）
B. to get the general idea of each paragraph
C. so that you can take in each work separately
D. to make sure you get to the end at least once
21．The topic sentence of an expository paragraph in English _____________.
A. usually comes in the middle
B. is most likely to be found at the end
C. is most often at the beginning
D. is usually left out in expository writing
22．Most expository paragraphs in English have a clearly defined topic sentence. In such paragraphs the topic sentence comes first ________.
A. in about 5% of cases B in about 80% of cases
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