2021高考英语(三月)阅读类自练(7)及答案(济南市).docx

2021高考英语（三月）阅读类自练（7）及答案（济南市）

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it’s because we have mirror neurons (神经元) in our brains.
Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate (仿照) it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”) , the same mirror neurons weretriggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball) .
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.
Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact (互动) . Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物) for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does—well, perhaps you’ll understand why.
1. Mirror neurons can explain　　　.　
A. why we cry when we are hurt
B. why we cough when we suffer from a cold
C. why we smile when we see someone else smile
D. why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late
2. The underlined word“triggered”in the third paragraph probably means“　　　”.　
A. set off　　　　 B. cut off　　　　　C. built up　　　　 D. broken up
3. We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons　　　.　
A. relate to human behavior and interaction
B. control human physical actions and feelings
C. result in bad behavior and social disorders
D. determine our knowledge and language abilities
4. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Ways to find mirror neurons.　　　 B. Problems of mirror neurons.
C. Existence of mirror neurons.　　　 D. Functions of mirror neurons.
【参考答案】1—4、CAAD　　

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release，including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks—burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near­infrared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.
The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn't new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.
That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR­absorbing group called o­nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so­so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.
So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that's even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive (易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light­absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What's more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.
1. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?
A. Temperature change. B. NIR light.
C. Acidity change. D. UV light.
2. Why is ONB unsatisfactory?
A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.
B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.
C. It has not come onto the market up till now.
D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.
3. Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?
⇨⇨⇨
A. protected B. formed
C. exposed D. combined
【要点综述】这是一篇科技文。怎样使用胶囊？如何让吃药更加平安、疗效更好？文章对此做了介绍。
1. B　信息理解题。依据第一段最终一句“Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near­infrared light (NIR，近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.”可知答案。
2. D　推理推断题。依据第三段最终两句“…ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown.”和“…and it could be poisonous to cells…”可知答案。
3. C　信息理解题。依据最终一段第五句“When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains.”可知此处用exposed，即C项正确。

【2021界广东省揭阳市一模】
完形填空。阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从 1―15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was a lazy morning during the Christmas week. We were enjoying breakfast when the doorbell rang. It was a little girl, standing at the doorway with a piece of paper and a face that carried an expression of want, rather a common 1 during Christmas.
She murmured that the paper was her booklist and that she was going around 2 money to buy her schoolbooks. My children went inside and brought some 3 for her. This kind of incident happens very often in my hometown, 4 during Christmas.
From where I was seated, I could see her clearly. She looked about ten years old and she wore a dress too big for her. She spoke in a 5 voice and looked at me straight in the eye. Something made me get up and 6 her.
In answer to my questions, she said that her mother made hoppers and she 7 them before going to school. But the hopper money was not adequate to 8 the list; therefore, she was going from house to house asking for help.
Her voice told me the story; her eyes told me that it was 9 . I said I'd buy her what was on the list.
We drove to a nearby bookstore. She sat 10 , with a strange look on her face. When the clerk was taking all the things on the list, the little girl kept staring as if confused. Perhaps she had never 11 so many new things before. They were merely exercise books, pencils, pens and such things. She whispered her 12 to us. Strange, I hadn't been aware that giving such 13 things to one in need, could bring me such a lot of happiness.
As we drove back, I could see the little girl in the mirror. All the gifts I had given in my life never 14 up a face so much. She was grasping the parcel, smiling to herself. The total event made us all very 15 . Our Christmas became more meaningful.
1
A. problem
B. sight
C. moment
D. experience
2
A. borrowing
B. receiving
C. begging
D. lending
3
A. clothes
B. books
C. food
D. coins
4
A. absolutely
B. casually
C. especially
D. hardly
5
A. strange
B. polite
C. serious
D. loud
6
A. care for
B. speak to
C. smile at
D. hold to
7
A. sold
B. needed
C. collected
D. used
8
A. buy
B. make
C. cover
D. control
9
A. painful
B. true
C. moving
D. interesting
10
A. happily
B. eagerly
C. anxiously
D. silently
11
A. possessed
B. bought
C. seen
D. accepted
12
A. surprise
B. satisfaction
C. thanks
D. pleasure
13
A. simple
B. wonderful
C. expensive
D. useful
14
A. lit
B. made
C. put
D. shut
15
A.confused
B. delighted
C. amazed
D. relieved
1.【答案】B
【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A。难题；B。视力，景象C。瞬间，片刻；D。阅历，经受。由其次段“This kind of incident happens very often in my hometown,”可知这是一种相当常见的景象。故选B。
2.【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词及语境的理解。A。借入；B。接收； C.乞讨，恳求；D。借出。第四段“she was going from house to house asking for help.”说她寻求挂念，但文章自始至终没提到女孩会还钱。因此，她是在乞讨而不是借。故选C。
3.【答案】D
【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A.衣服；B。书；C.食物；D.硬币。 由前一句“she was going around 2. begging money to buy her schoolbooks.”可知孩子们是去给她拿钱了。故选D。
4.【答案】C
【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。A.确定地，完全地；B.任凭地，偶然地；C.尤其，特殊；D.几乎不。有上下文可知，这种事情尤其是在圣诞节期间经常发生。故选C。
5.【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A.惊异的，生疏的；B.有礼貌的；C.严峻的，严峻的；D.大声的。由于“I said I'd buy her what was on the list。.”我同意去为她买单子上的东西，说明女孩说话时，很有礼貌。故选B.
6.【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词组及语境的理解。A.关怀，照看，宠爱；B. 对……说话；C.对……微笑；D.坚持，执着，紧握。下一段“In answer to my questions, she said……”说明我和她说话了。
7.【答案】A
【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A.卖，销售；B.需要；C.搜集；D.使用。由下一句可知她卖掉了妈妈制作的东西。
8.【答案】C
【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A.买；B.制作；C.掩盖，负担支付；够付(费用)；D.把握。由“therefore, she was going from house to house asking for help.”可知这些钱不足以支付买书的费用。故选C。
9.【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A.苦痛的；B.真实的；C.移动的；D。好玩的。由下一句“我说去给她买清单上的东西.”可知她的眼睛告知我这是真的。
10.【答案】D
【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。A.欢快地，幸福地；B.急迫地；渴望地C.焦虑地； D.安静地。由下文“with a strange look on her face. When the clerk was taking all the things on the list, the little girl kept staring as if confused.”的惊异表情和凝视，可以推断出女孩是安静地坐着。故选D。
11.【答案】A
【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A.拥有，把握；B.买；C.观看；D.接受。由“When the clerk was taking all the things on the list, the little girl kept staring as if confused.”可推断出她以前从未拥有过这么多新的东西。故选A。
12.【答案】C
【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A.惊异，惊诧；B.满足；C.感谢；D.欢快。由上一句，我们为她买了这么多东西，可推断出她是感谢我们。
13.【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A.简洁的；B.极好的；C.昂贵的；D.有用的。由“They were merely exercise books, pencils, pens and such things.”可知是简洁的东西。
14.【答案】A
【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A.lit up (使春风满面)；B.made up(构成)；C.put up (举起，张贴)；D. shut up(住口，关闭)。由“She was grasping the parcel, smiling to herself.”可知我一生中给出的全部礼物从没有使一张面孔如此的容光焕发。
15.【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A.困惑的；B.兴奋地，欣喜的；C.吃惊的；D.放心的，释然。由“Our Christmas became more meaningful.”可知整件事使我们都很欣喜。故选B。