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阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
“Experience may possibly be the best teacher,but it is not a particularly good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words,but they actually come from James March,a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organizational decision making. For years March(possibly the wisest philosopher of management)has studied how humans think and act,and he continues to do so in his new bookThe Ambiguities of Experience.
He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning:“Experience is respected;experience is sought;experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves(涉及)serious complications(简洁化),ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.
In one interesting part of the book,for example,he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting,he argues,we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says “The more accurately(精确地)reality is presented,the less understandable the story,and the more understandable the story,the less realistic it is.”
Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher,March is also a poet,and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short,it is demanding:Don’t pick it up looking for quick,easy lessons. Rather,be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.
1. According to the text,James March is .
A. a poet who uses experience in his writing
B. a teacher who teaches story writing in university
C. a researcher who studies the way humans think and act
D. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions
2. According to James March,experience .
A. is overvalued B. is easy to explain
C. should be actively sought D. should be highly respected
3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. Experience makes stories more accurate.
B. Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.
C. The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.
D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.
4. What’s the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book. B. To describe a researcher.
C. To explain experiential learning. D. To discuss organizational decision making.
【参考答案】1-4 CABA
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2021·合肥市二模，A)
Make A Difference Day is the largest national day of community service in the USA, which takes place on the fourth Saturday of October.
Who takes part in Make A Difference Day?
Anyone! Young and old, individuals and groups, anyone can carry out a volunteer project that helps others. It might be as ambitious as collecting truckloads of clothing for the homeless, or as personal as spending an afternoon helping an elderly neighbor or relative. USA WEEKEND covers volunteers and their projects in articles and photos.
How do I get started?
Look around your community. Are people hungry, homeless or ill? Are parks or schools dirty or neglected? No matter where you live, there's a need nearby. And on Make A Difference Day, millions of Americans are expected to roll up their sleeves to help others. You can act alone or enlist your friends, family and co workers.
You can also call the Make A Difference Day Hot Line, 1－800－416－3824, for information. Or use the ideas on this website for inspiration.
What do I do after I've selected a project?
Tell others what you're doing and enlist help. Several weeks before the day, tell us about your plans in the Make A Difference DAYtaBANK, a national listing of local projects that will be viewed by interested volunteers, other people looking for good project ideas and news media looking for good stories to tell. It will only take a few minutes to post your plans in the DAYtaBANK hosted by HandsOn Network.
Do it!
Carry out your plans to help others on Make A Difference Day. Be sure to take lots of pictures and share them on the Make A Difference Day Photo Album.
文章大意：本文是一篇应用文。介绍了美国最大的社区活动Make A Difference Day。期望大家乐观参与这一活动，挂念他人。
1．Where does the text probably come from?
A．A magazine. B．A website.
C．A newspaper. D．A festival brochure.
答案：B 细节理解题。依据How do I get started部分其次段的最终一句“Or use the ideas on this website for inspiration.”可知，答案B符合文义。
2．Make A Difference Day ________.
A．is celebrated every year all over the world
B．is a service provided by the community
C．is a celebration of helpful neighbors
D．is a national day of doing good in America
答案：D 推理推断题。依据文章第一段第一句“Make A Difference Day is the largest national day of community service in the USA”和Who takes part in Make A Difference Day部分第一句中“anyone can carry out a volunteer project that helps others”可知，答案D符合文义。
3．It can be inferred from the text that volunteers ________.
A．are chosen carefully by USA WEEKEND
B．need to dress up on Make A Difference Day
C．can get good project ideas from HandsOn Network
D．take pictures to send them to news media for money
答案：C 推理推断题。依据What do I do after I've selected a project部分其次句中“other people looking for good project ideas and news media looking for good stories to tell.”和最终一句“It will only take a few minutes to post your plans in the DAYtaBANK hosted by HandsOn Newwork.”可推知，答案C符合文义。
4．The main purpose of the text is to ________.
A．introduce the origin of Make A Difference Day
B．instruct people how to select a proper project idea
C．promote Make A Difference Day to other countries
D．encourage individuals to join in Make A Difference Day
答案：D 写作意图题。依据对文章的最终一部分Do it和全文的整体理解可知，本文主要的目的是鼓舞大家乐观参与Make A Difference Day这一活动，故答案D符合文义。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2021·合肥市二模，B)
Walking in a farmers' market often brings one to explore new food options, and now more locally farmed protein choices are available to help bridge the gap between our meals and the farms on which they originated. More and more local small farms are popping_up in opposition to factory farms.
Today's commercial farms do not fit the image that comes to mind while happily singing along to “Old McDonald”. Instead, most of the nation's food comes from CAFOs, Confined Animal Feeding Operations, where animals are kept in tightly enclosed conditions as they are fattened up and readied to be killed for food.
Fortunately, knowing exactly where one's food comes from has led to an increase in the availability of what is known as “grass fed” beef. Technically, all cattle are grass fed for at least a limited amount of time, but what makes the meat significant is that it is grass finished, not force fed corn, soy or grains. This change in diet makes all the difference since corn is not part of the cow's traditional diet, and therefore causes major health issues for it. To deal with the health issues, antibiotics (抗生素) are used and some of the antibiotics used to treat the cattle are similar to those given to humans, so they can decrease the effectiveness of medicine when a consumer is sick.
A healthier diet for the cattle leads the meat to lower in both fat and calories. And when cooking grass fed beef, you'd better use a slightly lower temperature to make it more delicious.
文章大意：本文是一篇谈论文。为了应对机械化农业的弊端，越来越多的小农业开头兴盛起来了，它们生产的农畜牧产品不仅丰富了人们的一日三餐，同时也更绿色、更健康。
5．The underlined words “popping up” (in the 1st paragraph) probably means ________.
A．improving B．fading
C．profiting D．appearing
答案：D 词义猜想题。依据文章第一句中“and now more locally farmed protein choices are available”可知，现在有更多的当地小农场喂养的动物可满足人们对蛋白质的需求，即当地毁灭了越来越多小农场，由此可知，appear与pop up意思最为接近，故答案D符合文义。
6．The song “Old McDonald” describes ________.
A．animals raised freely on local farms
B．animals kept in tightly enclosed conditions
C．commercial farms providing fast food
D．commercial farms providing unpopular foods
答案：A 推理推断题。依据文章其次段第一句“Today's commercial farms do not fit the image...”的提示和下文对商业农场喂养动物的方法的描述可知，the song “Old McDonald”所描述的喂养方式正好和商业农场相反，由此可推知，答案A符合文义。
7．Some medicines are less effective for beef consumers probably because ________.
A．some cattle feed on grains
B．all cattle diet on grass
C．some medicines are used to treat sick cattle
D．some antibiotics are used by both cattle and people
答案：D 细节理解题。依据文章第三段最终一句中“and some of the antibiotics used to treat the cattle are similar to those given to humans...”可推知，答案D符合文义。
8．We can infer from the text that ________.
A．food from local farms can help add to the variety in our daily meals
B．soy or grains are on the list of traditional diets of the cattle
C．corn for the cattle leads the meat to lower in both fat and calories
D．lower temperature makes grass fed beef more delicious
答案：A 推理推断题。依据文章第一段第一句“Walking in a farmers' market often brings one to explore new food options, and now more locally farmed protein choices are available to help bridge the gap between our meals and the farms on which they originated.”可推知，选项A“当地小农场的食物可以丰富我们的一日三餐”符合文义。B、C两项与原文不符；D项不是经过推理得出的，不符合题意，故排解。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2021·西安市标准化考练，C)
On a visit to Japan, Wangari Maathai learned the story of the hummingbird (蜂鸟) and the forest fire. While the other animals run in fear, the hummingbird flies above the fire time and again, leaving a few drops of water from its beak.
“Why do you bother？” the other animals shout at the hummingbird. “I'm doing the best that I can，” the hummingbird replies.
“It's such a beautiful story，” Ms. Maathai says, thinking of the world's environmental problems. “There's always something we can do with our little beak like the little hummingbird.”
In 2004 Maathai was honored with a Nobel Peace Prize for her work founding the Green Belt Movement (GBM), which hires villagers, especially women, to improve the environment. Since then, she's realized that people's values are what inspire them. If the values are good ones, good actions will follow.
“If you don't have good values, you'll develop vices (恶劣行径)，” says Maathai. “And if we give in to the vice, we destroy ourselves. We destroy the environment.” That's the message of her new book.
In 1971, Maathai received a doctor's degree from the University of Nairobi, the largest university in Kenya. She's now back in her homeland beginning work on the Wangari Maathai Institute for Peace and Environmental Studies (WMI) at the University of Nairobi. “They want to call it after me，” she says.
WMI will pay more attention to “learning by doing” and use knowledge to deal with real problems. “What Africa needs is people who are willing to get their fingers dirty and work with the people，” says Maathai.
Planting trees is one way people connect with the natural world. She continues to inspire others. “There is no lasting peace until we have peace with the earth itself，” she says.
文章大意：本文是一篇报道。疼惜环境人人有责，文章主要叙述了诺贝尔和平奖获得者Maathai疼惜环境的一些具体活动以及她关于疼惜环境的一些看法。
9．Why does Wangari Maathai think highly of the hummingbird?
A．It can create water from its beak.
B．It helps the other animals run away.
C．It tries its best to put out the fire.
D．It finds out a way to save the forest.
答案：C 细节理解题。依据其次段中“I'm doing the best that I can”和第三段“... thinking of the world's environmental problems. ‘There's always something we can do with our little beak like the little hummingbird.’”可知，Maathai对蜂鸟评价很高的缘由是蜂鸟会尽自己的全力去扑灭大火。故C项正确。
10．Those who work for GBM are mainly ________.
A．environmental experts
B．women villagers
C．people who had good values
D．people who love birds
答案：B 细节理解题。依据第四段第一句“... which hires villagers, especially women, to improve the environment.”可知，B项正确。
11．Which of the following is TRUE about Wangari Maathai?
A．She is from Japan.
B．She received a Nobel Prize.
C．She is a university teacher.
D．She has always raised the hummingbird.
答案：B 细节理解题。依据第四段第一句中“In 2004 Maathai was honored with a Nobel Peace Prize for her work founding the Green Belt Movement (GBM)”可知，B项正确。
12．According to Wangari Maathai, ________.
A．good actions lead to good values
B．people's values influence their actions
C．everybody has a possibility to develop vices
D．people who have bad values may have good actions
答案：B 细节理解题。依据第四段最终一句和第五段内容可知，Maathai认为，假如你没有好的价值观，就会有不良行为；假如我们屈从于错误的价值观的话，就会损害自己，破坏环境。故B项正确。
【2022高考英语江西省红色六校其次次联考】
完形填空。阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A little part of me thought about going to another checkout line．This one had the shortest 36 ，there was only one guy in it，but he was in a 37 and there seemed to be some difficulties 38．
We stepped in behind him．At first, he 39 to be having difficulty getting his groceries onto the counter．But after a while，I realized that what he was actually doing was 40 it into two parts．
I offered to help，but he and the checkout lady had it under 41 ．He asked Julie if she would mind putting his 42 basket away．Then he 43 for his wallet which was in a bag on one side of his chair．The 44 he was positioned and the fact he only had one usable arm 45 this troublesome for him，so I helped there．
The checkout operator came around and gave him his 46 and the goods he needed to have to hand．She 47 one bag of groceries over a handle at the back of his chair．
I offered to get the other bigger bag and he said，“No．48 you could do me a favor．Take that bag along to the entrance and give it to Angela．"
Angela，it 49，was collecting food for people who might 50 go hungry! I hadn’t even 51 her before.
This guy，in spite of the limitations，had bought more than twice as 52 shopping as he needed—and given the bigger bag away to help 53 people!
He didn’t let the fact that he needed help 54 him from being a help．He may have been limited 55，but his heart was more than able to overcome all that．
36．A figure B．space C．queue D．time
37．A．supermarket B．wheelchair C．helmet D．uniform
38．A．going on B．holding on C．paying off D．setting down
39．A．happened B．used C．seemed D．pretended
40．A．selecting B．wrapping C．handing D．separating
41．A．charge B．control C．improvement D．settlement
42．A．empty B．heavy C．large D．broken
43．A．felt B．in search of C．seized D．reached
44．A．spot B．direction C．distance D．way
45．A．caught B．carried C．made D．solved
46．A．basket B．bag C．wallet D．change
47．A．arranged B．hung C．loaded D．connected
48．A．And B．But C．So D．Or
49．A．turned out B．found out C．pointed out D．put out
50．A．already B．always C．otherwise D．fairly
51．A．noticed B．known C．understood D．greeted
52．A．many B．much C．few D．little
53．A．wealthy B．ordinary C．other D．normal
54．A．stop B．require C．lead D．persuade
55．A．financially B．morally C．mentally D．physically
【参考答案】CBACD BADDC DBBAC ABCAD
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