宾语从句用法小结复习课程.doc

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宾语从句用法小结
宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的语法之一。中考经常会出现相关的题目。掌握宾语从句应注意引导词（连词），语序以及时态三方面要素。
下面的表格可以帮助大家理解这一部分内容
宾语从句句式
连词
语序
陈述句
that
不变
一般疑问句
If/whether
改为陈述语序
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词
改为陈述语序
宾语从句的时态问题
主句
一般现在时态
一般过去时态
从句
保留原来时态
改为过去的某个时态
客观事实和自然现象除外
所谓过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化
一般现在时态
一般过去时态
现在进行时态
过去进行时态(was/were doing)
现在完成时态
过去完成时态（had 过去分词）
一般将来时态
过去将来时态（would do.was/were going to do）

接下来我们一起来具体了解宾语从句的用法以及应注意点（你认为重要的或者容易出错的地方最好用红笔划出来）
一、 宾语从句的引导词
1. 当由陈述句来充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义常省略。
eg. I think (that) he is right.
I know (that) she is a Canadian athlete.
I’m sure (that) he will get the job.
I’m glad (that) you are trying to help others.
He tells me (that) he will work hard this term.
特别注意：宾语从句否定意义的转移。
若主句的谓语动词是think , believe , suppose, guess等词，而且主句的主语是第一人称时候，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。如：
I don’t think he has time to come to the party .
2. 当由特殊疑问句做宾语从句时，引导词由原来的特殊疑问词来充当。有意义不能省略。从句的语序要用陈述语序。句末的标点符号由主句决定。常出现的特殊疑问词：when, why, how, where, who、whom、whose、which, what等。
eg. 1) He asks. How can they get to school?
He asks how they can get to school.
2) Do you know? When did he buy this pen?
Do you know when he bought this pen?
3) Can you tell me ? What is your name?
Can you tell me what your name is?
3. 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”“是不是”“能否”等。
eg. 1) He asks me if/ whether he can come.
2) I’m not sure if/ whether she will help me.
3) Do you know if/ whether the train will arrive on time?
特别注意：
1）直接与or not连用时,往往用whether 不用if
eg. Let me know whether or not he will come 让我知道他是否能来。
2）介词之后用whether 不用if
eg. They are talking about whether he will win the game.
I’m worried about whether they will arrive on time.
3) 不定式前用whether 不用if
二、宾语从句要用陈述句语序
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。所谓陈述句语序就是指宾语从句中主语一定要放在谓语动词之前
(1)主句＋（that）从句（主语＋谓语……）；
(2 )主句＋if/whether从句（主语＋谓语…）；
(3)主句＋特殊疑问词+陈述句语序（主语＋谓语…）
eg. Do you know why winter is colder than summer?
Can you tell me what your name is?
特别注意：What’s the matter ? 作为宾语从句时有两种前况。当它的解释是“怎么了？”时，语序不要变化。当它的解释是 “ 这是什么物质？”时，要变为陈述句语序。如：
The teacher asked the students what the matter was.
The teacher asked the students what was the matter ?

三、宾语从句的时态
要遵循时态的一致性原则。宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句谓语时态的制约，这种现象称为“时态的呼应”
1.主句是一般现在时，宾语从句时态不受主句谓语动词的影响，根据实际情况而定。
eg. I know that she will leave China tomorrow.
Do you know why I could pass the exam last term ?
2.主句是一般过去时，宾语从句时态要用与过 去相关的时态。比如，一般过去时，过去完成时，过去将来时等等。
eg. Mr. King didn’t know when his son came home yesterday evening.
He wanted to know when the meeting would start.
She didn’t tell us where she lived.
3. 主句是一般过去时，但如果宾语从句 表示的是客观真理或自然现象，其谓语时态则仍然一般现在时。
eg. The teacher told us light travels much faster than sound .
He said that the sun rises in the east.
She said that her father is twenty-eight years older than her.
特别注意：若是主句出现 Could you tell me ? Would you please tell me ? 这样的句型，并不表示过去时只是表示比较婉转的语气，其后的宾语从句时态根据实际情况而定。不要混淆哦。做题目要特别注意。
eg. Could you tell me whether you will call me this evening?

四、宾语从句和状语从句的分辩
在某些情况下，同学们容易混淆宾语从句和状语从句。如if 引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句。可以用以下方法来处理：
  当if解释为“是否”时，其引导的是宾语从句。遵循宾语从句的时态规则。
  He doesn’t know if the famous singer will come tomorrow.
  当if解释为“如果”时，其引导的是条件状语从句。遵循的是“主将从一”的时态规则。
He will come if he has time tomorrow.
五、例题讲解
(1) He asked ____________.
A. that she was free the next week
B. if she has done her work
C. what did she do
D. what her name was
根据语序可以排除C,根据时态可以排除B,根据asked可以判断后面是疑问句，不可能用that 这个连词，因此选择D.
（2）Didn’t your teacher say _______________?
A. how long you would be away
B. the moon traveled round the earth
C. that Peter is very clever
D. that light travels faster than sound
根据say排除A,因为它后面只能跟陈述句，根据主句时态排除C, 而B,D都属于客观事实，应该用一般现在时态，所以只能选D.
六、实践操练
1．In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book．
A．that            B．how         C．what          D．if
2．—I don't know _____  Mr．Green will come to see us．
—He will help us with our English．
  A．why       B．when        C．how       D．where
3．—We never know _____  the old man is．
—They say he is a teacher．
A．what      B．who       C．which      D．where
4. —Do you know _____  ？I'm going to see him．
   —Sorry，I don't know．
A．where does Mr．Li live   B．where did Mr．Li live
C．where Mr．Li lives     D．where Mr．Li lived
5. I don't feel very well．Mum asked me _____ this morning．
A．what the matter is  B．what is wrong   C．what was the matter  D．what wrong was
6. Do you know ______?
A.What time will the plane take off
B. What time would the plane take off
C. What time the plane will take off
D. the plane will take off at what time
7. The manager came up to see _______.
A. what was the matter          B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is            D. what's the matter
8. The teacher didn’t begin her class  _________  the students stopped talking.
       A．until              B．because                 C．after               D．when
9. If it  __________  tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great wall.
       A．doesn’t rain         B．won’t rain        C．not rains     D．isn’t rain
10. .Could you tell me __________  we get to the plane?
       A．how          B．whether             C．where              D．what
11. The teacher says  __________  she will leave a message on the headmaster’s desk.
       A．if                   B．who               C．that                D．what
12. You must make your new house clean and safe __________  you move in.
       A．because              B．when              C．before              D．until
13. I was  ________ tired  _________  I couldn’t walk on.
       A．so…that                              B．too…to
       C．very…that                              D．very…to
14. I thought he  ________   to see his mother if he _________  time.
       A．will go…has                             B．will go …will have
       C．would go …would have                     D．would go …had
参考答案：D A ACC C A A A A CC A D
1. Wang Hai told me  __he didn't go cycling yesterday afternoon. (how, why)
2. Can you tell me __else is going to be on duty? (who, whom)
3. She said _____it wouldn't matter much.(that, if)
4. He always thinks  ___ he can do better.(how, who)
5. I hope he                      (come) back in a week.
6. Do it cost much money to fly to Beijing ? Could you tell me ?(合并为一个复合句)
Could you tell me ___ it ____ much money to fly to Beijing ?
7. I am good at swimming. Jack said.
_____________________________________
8. Are they from Germany? Tom asked.
_______________________________________
9. Did that girl break the window? Please tell me.
__________________________________________
10 How many girls are there in the room? Our teacher asked.
___________________________________________
11 Have your parents ever been to London? He didn’t know.
___________________________________________
12 There are 12 months in a year. Mum told me.
_____________________________________________
参考答案：1.why 2.who 3 that 4. how 5 will come     6.if, costs
7. Jack said that he was good at swimming.
8. Tom asked if they were from Germany.
9. Please tell me if that girl broke the window.
10. Our teacher asked how many girls there were in the room.
11. He didn’t know if your parents had ever been to London.
12. Mum told me that there are 12 months in a year
习题（一）
    1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
    A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
    2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
    A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been
    3 The students want to know whether they___ a dictation  today.
    A. had B. has . C. will have D. are
    4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
    A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
    5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
    A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled
    答案：1-5 A D C B C
习题（二）
    1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
    A. who B. what C. when D. that
    2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
    A. what B. if C. when D. where
    3 I hardly understand. ___ he has told me.
    A. that B. what C. which D. who
    4 She didn't know___ back soon.
    A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be
    5. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
    A. whether B where C. what D. when
      6. He asked me _____told me the accident.
    A whom B which C who D whose
习题（三）
    1. They don't know ______  their parents are.
    A that B what C why D which
    2. Please tell me ______ last year. 
    A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work
    C where your sister works D where your sister worked
    3. She asked me if I knew ______.
    A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was
    C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
    4. You must remember ________.
    A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
    C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said
    5 Did you know ____?
    A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for
    C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after
    6 Could you tell me ___?
    A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
    C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing
    答案：1-6 B D B A A C
习题（四）
    1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. （北京市东城区）
    A. that B. how C. what D. if
    2. —I don't know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us.
    —He will help us with our English. （杭州市）
    A. why B. when C. how D. where
    3. —We never know _____ the old m an is.
    —They say he is a teacher. （鄂州市）
    A. what B. who C. which D. where
    4. I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. （重庆市）
    A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when
    5. —Do you know _____ ? I'm going to see him.
    —Sorry, I don't know. （北京市海淀区）
    A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live
    C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived
    6. —W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer?
    —Sorry, I have no idea. （南京市）
    A. ／; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy
    7. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _____ this morning. （重庆市）
    A. what the matter is B. what is wrong
    C. what the matter was D. what wrong was
    8. —Where is Jack?
    —He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _____ . （南昌市）
    A. that B. which C. where D. there 
    答案：1—4 D A A D 5—8 C A C C
宾语从句专项训练
 I．从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。
1．I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow．_________ he comes，I'll tell you．
A．if；Whether B．whether；Whether
C．if；That D．if；If
2．I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow．
A．when does he come B．how will he come
C．if he comes D．whether he'll come
3．Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is？
A．what B．how C．whether D．where
4．Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help？
A．how did he mend B．what did he mend
C．how he mended D．what he mended
5．I want to know _________ ．
A．whom is she looking after B．whom she is looking
C．whom is she looking D．whom she is looking after
6．Do you know where _________ now？
A．he lives B．does he live C．he lived D．did he live
7．Do you know what time _________ ？
A．the train leave B．does the train leave
C．will the train leave D．the train leaves
8．I don't know _________ ．Can you tell me，please？
A．how the two players are old B．how old are the two players
C．the two players are how old D．how old the two players are
9．The small children don't know _________ ．
A．what is their stockings in B．what is in their stockings
C．where is their stockings in D．what in their stockings
10．I can't understand _________ ．
A．what does Christmas mean B．what Christmas does mean
C．what mean Christmas does D．what Christmas means
II．按要求转换句型。
1．Does Mr．Brown enjoy living in China？Could you tell us？（改写句子）
→Could you tell us _________ Mr．Brown _________ living in China？
2．“Does the girl need any help？”he asked me．（变为复合句）
→He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．
3．Jim is not a student．Tom is not a student，either．（合并为一个句子）
_________ Jim _________ Tom is a student．
4．When does the train leave？I want to know．（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
I want to know _________ the train _________ ．
5．They went home after they had finished their homework．（用not．．．until改写）
They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework．
6．Did Peter come here yesterday？Li Lei wants to know．（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday．

宾语从句专项训练参考答案：
I．1—5DDDCD 6—10ADDBD
II．1．if／whether；enjoys 2．if／whether；needed 3．Neither；nor 4．when；leaves 5．didn't；until 6．whether；came
宾语从句常用句式辨析
同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：
方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：
　　Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
　　We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.
　　方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
　　She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.
　　注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
　　Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Could you tell me how to get to the station？
　　方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：
　　The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
　　除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：
　　I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.
　　Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.
　　They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy.

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