上海牛津英语6B知识点梳理知识讲解.doc

上海牛津英语6B知识点梳理

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Module 1 City life
Unit1 Great cities in Asia
知识点梳理：
I 词组
1. at an exhibition 在展览会上
2. the capital of China 中国的首都
the capital city of Shandong province 山东的省会城市
3. north-east of Shanghai 在上海东北面
east/ west/ south / north of 在……的东、西、南、北面
north-east /north-west of 在……的东北、西北
south-east /south- west of 在……东南，西南
* in/on/to the east of
eg. Shanghai is in the east of China.
Korea is on the east of China.
Japan is to the east of China.
3. how far 多远
4. how 如何/怎样
5. how long 多久
6. in the past 在过去
7. other places 其他城市
8. from shanghai to Beijing 从上海到北京
9. read some information about Beijing 阅读关于北京的信息
10. the Great Wall 长城
* the Summer Palace 颐和园
* the Palace Museum 故宫博物院
11. more than= over 超过
* less than = under 少于
12. 15 million people 一千五百万人
*millions of, thousands of
13. huge department store 大型百货公司
*huge= very big
14. spicy food 辣的食物
15. in Asia 在亚洲Asia亚洲 Asian 亚洲人 亚洲人的 亚洲的
16. great cities= big cities 大城市
17. which city 哪个城市
18. by plane=by air; 乘飞机
by ship=by sea; 乘船
by train/ ferry 乘火车/ 渡轮
19. That’s right. 对的。
* That’s all right. 没关系，不要紧。
20. two days and a half = two and a half days两天半
21. like visiting those places 喜欢参观那些地方
like/ love/ enjoy/ doing Sth.
would like to do Sth.
22. in Tokyo 在东京
II. 词性转换
1. Japan (n.) 日本 — Japanese ( a./n. )日本的，日语，日本人
a Japanese, some Japanese
My uncle met some Japanese visitors yesterday. They came from Japan.
China (n.) 中国 – Chinese (a./n.) 中国的，汉语，中国人
a Chinese, a lot of Chinese
China is a great nation with millions of clever and brave Chinese.
2. Thailand (n.) 泰国 — *Thai (a./n ) 泰国的，泰语，泰国人
That Thai restaurant is looking for a good from Thailand.
3. exhibition (n.) 展览会，展览 — *exhibit (v.)
The Shanghai Exhibition Centre is on Yan’an Road.
4. build (v.) 建造 -- building (n.) 建筑物 –* builder (n.) 建筑工
Thousands of builders have worked hard to build such a wonderful building.
5. tourist (n.)游客—tour (n.) 旅游
Those tourists are welcomed by local tour agency.
6. information （Uncountable noun）
* a piece of information some information
Sam and Andy are looking for some information about forests.

III. 语言点/句型
1. south-east（东南）, north-east（东北） south-west (西南)， north-west (西北)这些斜方向方位词与中文表述相反。
2. east of 在(…范围外面的) 的东面
in the east of 在（…范围内）的东面.
eg. Tokyo is east of Shanghai. Shanghai is in the east of China.
Beijing is north of Shanghai. It is also in the north of China.
3. the capital of China 中国的首都
of 的两种含义
(a) of 表示“的”
the capital of China/ the map of my school/ the picture of me
of 表示”在…之中”（后用复数）
one/some/many/all/none of the boys.
eg. Beijing is the capital of China and it is also one of the great cities in Asia.
4. That’s right 那是对的
That’s all right 没关系
You are right 你是对的
All right 好吧
eg. A: Tokyo is the capital of Japan---------B: That’s right./ You are right.
A: I am sorry.--------------B: That’s all right.
A: Please open the door----B: All right.
6: 关于“半个的表达法”
half an hour (半小时)
one hour and a half （一个半小时）
an hour and a half
one and a half hours (注意复数)

两天半 two days and a half
two and a half days.
eg. it takes about two and a half hours to fly from Shanghai to Beijing.

7. by air = by plane 乘飞机:
by sea = by ship 乘船
eg. Tomorrow I will travel to Beijing by air,.
注意同意表达
go/travel/get to… by…==take a/an …to
eg. He goes to school by car.
He takes a car to school.

8 how, how far, how long 的特殊疑问句
how far ---“多远”问距离
It is about 1,400 kilometers. How far is it?
how ----“如何，怎样” （1.by +交通工具 2.作表语的形容词）
I go to school by bus. How do you go to school?
He became fit again. How did he become?
how long “多长时间” (对时间段提问)
*初中阶段用how long 的常见句型
-It takes sb time to do sth
-since +时刻点或从句
-for +段时间
-不带not 的until
eg. 1. It takes me about 2 hours to get there.
How long does it take to get there?
2. I have lived here since last year.
How long have you lived here?
3. I have lived here for 2 years.
How long have you lived here?
4. I did my homework until mid-night.
How long did you do your homework?
*5. (I won’t go to bed until I finish my homework.)
When will you go to bed?

9 more than 超过==over
eg. There are more than 12 million people in Shanghai.
There are over 12 million people in Shanghai.

10. 15 million 一千五百万
millions of 数以百万
eg. More than 70 million people visited Shanghai Expo and millions of them visited China Pavilion.

11 like/love/enjoy 后跟动词ing
People in Tokyo enjoy eating sushi.
like/love doing sth = like/love to do sth

12 there be 句型表示某地方或者某时间有…
eg. There are 15 million people in Beijing.
There will be much rain next month
注意there be 句型的各种时态
There was/were (过去时)
There will be/ is going to be （将来时）
There have/has been （完成时）
eg. There have been a lot of people in Shanghai already and there will be more in the future.
13. These are all great cities in Asia.
all “（三者以上）所有”， 放在be 动词后，行为动词前。
eg. Tokyo, Bangkok and Beijing all come from Asia and they are all my favourite cities
Unit 2 At the airport
I 词组:
1. arrive at the airport 到达机场
2. arrive in Los Angeles 到达洛杉矶
3. arrive home / here / there 到家/ 这儿/ 那儿
4. a silk scarf 一条丝巾=> several silk scarves 几条丝巾
5. plenty of space 大量的空间
6. departure time 起飞时间
arrival time 抵达时间
7. one and a half hours=one/an hour and a half 一个半小时
8. before one o’clock 一点之前
9. have to do sth. 不得不做某事
10. drive somebody to some place 开车送某人去某地
11. leave A 离开A地 / leave for B 出发去B地
leave A for B 离开A地去B地
12. over there 在那里
13. a boarding card 一张登机牌
14. a name tag 一张姓名牌
15. write down 写下
16. live in Los Angeles 住在洛杉矶
17. enough space 足够的空间
18. big enough 足够的大
19. too many sweets 太多的糖果
20. too much meat 太多的肉
21. one and a half hours = one hour and a half 一个半小时
22. buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
II. 词性转换:
1.fly v. 飞，飞行 → flight n. 航班
e.g. Next month, they will fly to the USA. Their Flight No. is MU6789.
2.depart v. 离开，出发 → departure n. 离开，启程
e.g. Our parents will depart tomorrow morning. The departure time is 9.00 a.m.
3. pass v. 通过→ passenger n. 乘客；旅客
e.g. You can’t pass. Stop, please!
All passengers must obey the rules.
4. trolley n. 手推车→ (复)trolleys
5. arrive v. 到达→ arrival n.到达
e.g. The arrivel time is 3.00 p.m. , so they won’t arrive at 1.00 p.m.
III. 语言点/句型
*1.Aunt Judy and Uncle Mike have lived in Los Angeles for six years.
① 现在完成时：sb. have/ has + V.p.p(动词的过去分词)
Sb. have/ has not V.p.p. (否定句)
Have/ Has sb. V.p.p.（一般疑问句）
② have been to 去过，到过……（已回）
have been in 住在……(+时间段)
have gone to 去，到……（未回）
e.g. I have been to America before. 我以前去过美国。
She has been in London for 2 years. 她已经住在伦敦两年。
Where is Mary? She has gone to the library. Mary在哪？她已经去图书馆了。
③ They have already done a lot of things.
Tom hasn’t read that book yet.
Have you checked your passport yet?
“already” 意为“已经”，用于现在完成时肯定句
“yet” 意为“还，已经，仍”， 用于否定句和疑问句。
④ V.p.p. 动词的过去分词：
bring—brought—brought get—got—got write—wrote—written
buy—bought—bought put—put—put pack—packed—packed
live—lived—lived do—did—done
2.Mrs Wang and Grandma are going to Los Angels , the USA, this Sunday to see Aunt Judy and Uncle Mike.
本例中使用了现在进行时表示“将来”的含义。这样的动词常常是：go, come, leave, move etc.
e.g. I am leaving now. 我要离开了。
The bus is coming. Hurry! 公交来了，快点。
*3.Grandma has bought Aunt Judy plenty of T-shirts and several silk scarves.
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.
e.g. 原句可以表述为：Grandma has bought plenty of T-shirts and several silk scarves for Aunt Judy.
4.However, they have not packed their suitcases yet.
however:可用于句首，句中，句末，前后常用“，”隔开，语气比but 弱。
but: 用于句中
e.g. She was ill, however, she still went to work.
She was ill ,but she still went to work.
5.What time does your plane leave for Los Angeles tomorrow?
leave sp. 离开某地
leave for sp. 出发去某地
e.g. They will leave Shanghai. 他们将离开上海。
They will leave for Tokyo. 他们将出发去东京。
Module 1 Unit 3
1
端午节
the Dragon Boat Festival
18
一只甜粽子
a sweet rice dumpling
2
跳进河里
jumped into a river
19
有肉的咸粽子
salty rice dumplings with meat
3
国家处于危险中
the country was in danger
20
没有豆的甜粽子
sweet rice dumplings without beans
4
在每年的那天纪念他
remember him on that day every year
21
我们最喜欢的粽子
our favourite rice dumplings
5
他的工作是给皇帝建议。
His job was to give advice to the king.
22
你想吃点粽子吗？
Would you like some rice dumplings
6
举行龙舟比赛
have dragon boat races
23
好的，请。
Yes, please.
7
吃粽子
eat rice dumplings
24
不用，谢谢。
No, thanks.
8
那年农历五月初五
the fifth day of the fifth lunar month of that year
25
我宁愿吃一片披萨
I’d rather have a piece of pizza.
9
一个粽子
a rice dumpling
26
一些布丁
some puddings
10
战争失败
lose a battle
27
一片饼干
a piece of biscuits
11
采纳他的意见
take his advice
28
一些三明治
some sandwiches
12
新皇帝不听他的
the new kind did not listen to him
29
给你的外国朋友写一封电子邮件
write an e-mail to your foreign friend
13
出生在大约两千年前
was/were born about two thousand years ago
30
告诉你一些关于……的事情
tell you something about
14
为什么人们要庆祝它？
why do people celebrate it?
31
我爱拍照
I love taking photos
15
以下是这个节日的故事
here’s the story of the festival
32
拍一些……的照片
take some photos of…
16
知道关于端午节的情况
know something about the Dragon Boat Festival
33
我将会送给你一些……
I will send you some
17
一只咸粽子
a salty rice dumpling
34
两种粽子
two kinds of rice dumplings

语法重点：
1. 一般过去时 ：
a. 概念：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
b. 常用的时间状语：
yesterday, last week/year…, in the past, …ago, in 2005, just now…
c. 结构： 主语+动词的过去式+…
e.g. He watched TV yesterday evening. 否定：He didn’t watch TV yesterday evening.
d. 动词过去式的构成：
规则变化：
1) 一般情况下在动词词尾直接加-ed. e.g. jump——jumped;
2) 以不发音的e结尾的动词直接加-d. e.g. love ——loved
3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，去y变i+ed; e.g. study——studied
4) 以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写最后一个辅音字母，
再加-ed. e.g. stop——stopped
不规则变化：参见教材P103
2. 词性转换
l celebrate v. 庆祝 *celebration n. 庆祝
l (be) born v. 出生 bear v. 生
n e.g. Alice was born in London in 2005.
l country n.. 国家; 乡下 countryside n. 郊外，郊野
l advice n.. 劝告; 忠告 advise v. 劝告, 忠告, 建议
l sad adj. 悲伤的 sadly adv. 悲伤地 sadness n. 伤心，难过
l die v. 死; 死亡 dead adj. 死的 death n. 死亡
l later adv. 以后; 后来 late adj. 迟的 / adv. 迟，晚
n e.g. 5 minutes later 5分钟以后 The boy was 5 minutes late.迟到了5分钟
l lose v. (lost, lost)输掉 lost adj. 失去的，迷失的
n e.g. I found my lost pen at last. 最后我找到了我丢失的钢笔。
l win v. (won, won)赢得 winner n. 获胜者
l danger n. 危险; 风险 dangerous adj. 危险的
l without prep. 没有 with prep. 有；和……一起
l send v. (sent, sent)发送,寄 sender n. 寄件人
l five num. 五 fifth 第五
l salty adj. 咸的 salt n. 盐
3. know sth. about sth./sb. 知道关于……的情况
4. would like to do sth. = want to do sth. 想要做某事
5. His job was to give advice to the king. 他的工作是给国王出谋划策。
a. 动词不定式 to give advice to the king 在句中做表语;
e.g. My hope is to become a nurse. 我的愿望是成为一名护士。
b. give advice to somebody 给某人提建议，相当于give somebody advice
c. advice 为不可数名词，一条建议：a piece of advice
6. It was the fifth day of the fifth lunar month of that year. 那一天是那一年的农历五月初五。
农历是中国传统的日历表示方法，在英文中要用序数词来表达农历某个月的某一天。
春节 （农历正月初一）： the first day of the first lunar month
元宵节（农历正月十五）： the fifteenth day of the first lunar month
中秋节（农历八月十五）： the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month
7. 表示伴随：with/without
介词with表示“带着……”，“带有……”。反义词为without。
e.g. Do you like coffee with or without milk? 你要喝奶咖还是清咖？
8. 表示对别人礼貌的邀请，如Would you like some…?
其肯定回答为：Yes,please.否定回答为：No,thanks.
9. 在表示两种相反态度的情况下可以说：I like…, but I don’t like…
10. I don’t like rice dumplings. I’d rather have a piece of pizza.
would rather do “宁愿, 宁可”, 后接动词原形，口语中常使用 ’d rather do的缩略形式，用于表示喜好、偏爱，相当于prefer to。
e.g. It is raining outside. I'd rather stay at home. 外面在下雨, 我宁可待在家里。
※ would rather do =’d rather do
否定: would rather not do sth. = ’d rather not do

Unit 4 Staying healthy
I 词组
1. stay healthy = keep healthy 保持健康
2. indoor activities 室内活动
3. outdoor activities 室外活动
4. like dancing 喜欢跳舞
5. like running 喜欢跑步
6. enjoy swimming 喜欢游泳
7. love sports 喜欢运动
8. love playing 喜欢玩
9. forget working 忘记工作
10. play and work 工作与玩耍
11. do puzzles 玩拼图游戏
12. go fishing 去钓鱼
13. go cycling 去骑车
14. go swimming 去游泳
15. go on a picnic 去野餐
16. watch television 看电视
17. see a film 看电影
18. read a book 看书
19. play computer games 玩电脑游戏
20. play tennis / badminton 打网球/羽毛球
21. play basketball in the playground 在操场上打篮球
22. play the piano 弹钢琴
23. make a model 制作模型
24. have a barbecue 进行一次烧烤
25. fly kites 放风筝
26. health problem 健康问题
27. have a headache 头疼
28. have a stomach ache 肚子疼
29. have a cold 感冒
30. have a fever 发烧
31. have a sore throat 喉咙疼
32. have toothache 牙疼 (注意没有“a”)
33. I’m afraid 恐怕（表示婉转语气）
34. too much + 不可数名词 太多
35. too many + 可数名词
36. too little+ 不可数名词 太少
37. too few + 可数名词
38. watch too much television 看太多的电视
(*watch television for too long)
39. watch less television 看少一点电视
40. wear enough clothes 穿足够多的衣服
41. *put on 穿上
42. wear more clothes 穿更多的衣服
43. eat too much spicy food 吃太多的辛辣食物
44. have exercise 做运动
45. once a day 一天一次
46. twice a week 一周两次
47. three times a month 一个月三次
48. go to bed late 晚睡
49. go to bed early 早睡
50. practise swimming 练习游泳
51. *practise doing sth. 练习做某事
52. help do the housework 帮助做家务
53. *help sb. (to) do sth./ help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事

II. 词性转换
1. act (v.) — activity (n.)— activities (pl.) — *active (a.)
e.g. We take part in all kinds of activities.
He is very active in class.
2. health (n.) — healthy (adj.) — unheal