环境工程专业英语课后习题部分答案培训讲学.doc

环境工程专业英语课后习题部分答案

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环境工程专业英语课后习题部分答案（第二版）
——钟理主编

Exercises 0
Write an article about yourself, including personal background, family, education, interests,
ambitions and others. Write as much as you would like to.

About Myself
My name is Qin Zheng. I am from Xiangshan, which is a small town in Ningbo District. It is very beautiful and nowadays a lot of films and TV programmes are shot there. More and more people went there for a holiday. The people there are laborious, virtuous and warm hearted. I’m much felicitated that I was born and raised up there. It is my hometown and I will love it forever.

My family has been engaged in farming for generations. My relatives are all farmers. My ancestors and my parents have plotted all their life on thin ground. In my family, my father, my mother and I, that’s all.

Now I’m in grade three, a third year student in Jiaxing University. Since I have made a lot of friends, I find life in this university both happy and rewarding. I live happily here. I like climbing mountains. I like singing, listening classical music. I like essay, also novel, but my favorite is essay. Unfortunately, although I have read so much, my writing is still not very good.

I hope that I can be an useful person for our society. But at the moment, my knowledge is still not rich enough. In order to realize my objectives in life, I will study hard and gain more and more skills and knowledge, such as speaking English and using computer. If I have enough money after graduation from school, I will study driving. It is good to have a good job when someone can drive a car or a bus.

Unit 1 (P.4)
1 Based on Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.
life expectancy ： 耐用期限，平均寿命
poverty-stricken ： 贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的
smog-laden air ： 烟雾弥漫的天空，烟雾缭绕的空气，阴霾天气
global conditions ： 全球状况
haves and have-nots ： 富人和穷人
underprivileged ： 社会地位低下的，相对贫困的，生活水平低下的，弱势的
savanna ：热带大草原，稀树草原
predator ：食肉动物，捕食者
environmental disruptions ： 环境破坏，环境失调

2 Put the following into English.
农药—pesticide / agricultural chemicals (including: pesticide, germicide, herbicide)
化肥—chemical fertilizer
有机废物—organic wastes
微生物—microorganism / microbe
衰减—attenuation
阻滞的—retardant / blocking
稀释—dilution
添加剂—additive
合成塑料—synthetic plastic
再生—regeneration

Unit 3 (P.19)
1 Put the following into Chinese.
(1) Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on the shelf too long become waste.
原材料放置过久会失去它们本身性能而变成废弃物。
(2) Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dragout time will reduce the usefulness of the process
chemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement.
不良的零件清洗或者不充分的接触时间将减少工艺过程中化学品的有用性，增加处理废弃物
的费用以及替换化学药品的费用。
(3) Lockheed successfully switched from an alkaline cyanide cadmium bath to an acidic
noncyanide cadmium bath.
洛克希德（公司）成功地将碱性氰化镉溶液槽改变为酸性不含氰化镉的溶液槽。
(4) Do not try to reinvent the wheel. Develop networking partners to share ideas.
不要进行重复研究。发展网络伙伴以分享思想。

3 Put the following into Chinese.
Waste reduction/waste/minimization: 减少废物/废弃物/最小化
In-process: 工程内，进程内
Housekeeping: 维持管理
Equipment modification landfills: 设备改造，填埋
Biodegradable solvents: 可生物降解溶剂
Volatile chemicals: 挥发性化学品
Management commitment: 管理层的承诺

Unit 5 (P.34)
1 Put the following words or phrase into Chinese.
primary pollutant 一次大气污染物
secondary pollutant 二次大气污染物
air stagnation 空气流动停滞，大气停滞
nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮(N2O)
nitric oxide 一氧化氮(NO)
nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮(NO2)
soot 煤烟
dust 灰尘
smog 烟雾
ozone 臭氧
herbicide 除草剂
pesticide 杀虫剂 / 农药

2 Put the following into English.
正常浓度 normal concentration
严重污染的 serious polluted / heavily polluted
决定因素 determining factor
光化学氧化物 photochemical oxidant
液体微滴 liquid droplet
放射性物质 radioactive substance
不完全氧化 incomplete oxidization / incomplete combustion
含硫的 sulfur-containing
风化 wind erosion / weathering
汽车尾气 automobile exhaust

Unit 6 (P.40)
1 Put the following into Chinese
(1) The most severe sequence of CO2 induced global warning would be melting of the polar
ice-caps and the subsequent rise of ocean levels and inundation of coastal plains.
由CO2 所引起的全球变暖的最严重后果是极地冰帽的熔化，以及随之而来的海平面上升所
引发的沿海平原的洪水。
(2) Although global warming from the already elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 has been
predicted by most climatic models, such a warming has not been empirically observed.
虽然大多数气候模型已经预测大气中CO2 浓度的增加将引起全球变暖，但对于这样的气候
变暖还没有实证观察过。
(3) Although they indicate trends in average surface temperatures and climate, they unfortunately
coincide with increased industrialization and pollution.
尽管这些资料表明了平均地面温度和气候的趋势，但不幸的是，恰恰遇上了这段时期内日益
增强的工业化和污染。

2 Put the following into English.
温室效应 effect of greenhouse
由二氧化碳引起的 caused by CO2
世界碳预算 world carbon budget
天气的自然波动 natural fluctuations in climate
全球变暖 global warming
厌氧的 anaerobic
甲烷 methane
臭氧层 ozonosphere
气候模型 climatic models
腐烂 decay

Unit 7 (P.47)
3 Put the following into English.
出口 outlet
多管高效旋风分离器 multitube high-efficiency cyclone
合成纤维 synthetic fabric
捕集效率 collection efficiency
机械洗涤 mechanical scrubbing
压力降 pressure drop
焚化炉 incinerator
气体离子 gas ion
捕集板 collection surface
碳黑 carbon black

Unit 8 (P.52)
1 Put the following into English.
尾气 off-gas
可应用性 applicability
工业规模 full-scale
土壤床 soil bed
生物过滤器 biofilter
固定资本 fixed capital
易生物降解的 easily biodegraded

2 Put the following into Chinese.
VOC 挥发性有机化合物
APC 大气污染控制
Regulatory program 调整项目
Financial support 财政支持
Operating cost 操作成本
Biodegradation capacity 生物降解能力
Environmental media 环境介质
Biological 生物学的
Technologies 技术、工艺
Inorganic air pollutants 无机大气污染物

Unit 10 (P.66)
1 Put the following into Chinese.
treatment facilities 处理设备
per capita per day 每人每天
municipality 市政当局, 自治市
population equivalent 人口当量
basement flooding 地下室浸水
runoff 排水
domestic sewage 生活污水
type of terrain 地形种类

Unit 11 (P.73)
1 According to Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.
unpalatable 味道差的
volatile chemicals 挥发性的化学药品
scale in hot pipes 热水管积垢
harbor pathogens 窝藏病原体
precipitate 使沉淀
turbid 混浊的
intermittent sources 间歇的污染源
fixtures 固定设备

2 According to Reading Material, put the following into English.
合成有机化合物 synthetic organic compound
微生物性能 microbiological properties
普遍接受 universal acceptance
食品加工 food processing
精馏 rectification
蒸发和冷凝 evaporation and condensation
土壤腐蚀 erosion of soil
过滤作用 percolating/ filtration
副产品 byproduct
脱盐 desalination

Unit 12 (P.81)
1 According to Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.
land disposal 掩埋处置
fecal coliform 粪大肠菌群
stringent effluent requirement 严格的废水排放要求
assimilation capacity 同化能力
practical outlets 可行的排出途径，现实出路
aquatic life 水生生物
detrimental to human health 对人体健康有害的
endogenous phase 内源〔生长〕期

Unit 13 (P.89)
1 Based on Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.
flow monitoring 流量监测
equipment age and reliability 装备老化及其可靠性
mechanistic facilities 机械设备
microbial activity 微生物活性
activated sludge 活性污泥
controlling respiration 控制呼吸
oxidation ditches 氧化沟
on-line automation 在线自动〔监测〕

2 Based on Reading Material, put the following into English.
手动控制 operator control/ manual control
最优化 minimize the effects
微处理器 microprocessor
统计分析 statistical analysis
质量衡算 mass balance
动力学 dynamics
氧化还原 oxidation and reduction /redox
停留时间 residence time
模拟 simulation
参数 parameter
水解 hydrolysis
积分 integral

Unit 23 (P.157)
1 Put the following into English.
吸声材料 sound adsorbing media
弹性介质 elastic media
蒸汽打桩机 steam-powered pile driver
耳塞 ear plug
劳动部 department of labor
环保局 Environmental Protection Agency （EPA）
环保法 environmental protection law

Unit 24 (P.163)
1 Put the following into Chinese.
preempted and defaced land 过早地遭受破坏的土地
personal conveniences 个人的便利生活条件
lavish dependency 过量依赖
solar collectors 太阳集热器
undue sacrific 过度牺牲
social attitudes 社会态度
patterns of living 生活方式

再生纸废水物化处理方法研究
摘要：通过对三种无机混凝剂（聚合氧化铝、聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸铁）和一种有机混凝剂（聚丙烯酰胺）在不同影响因素（投加量、pH 值、搅拌速度、搅拌时间）下，对再生纸废水物化处理效果的研究，选出各种混凝剂的最佳投加量、pH 值、搅拌速度和搅拌时间，结果聚合氧化铝在处理再生纸废水方面效果最好。结果表明：1%聚合氧化铝在pH 值为6～7范围内，投加量为8mL，以150r/min 的搅拌速度搅拌6 分钟，再生纸废水的浊度去除率可以达到90%以上，COD 的去除率可以达到80%上。
关键词：再生纸废水；聚合氧化铝；聚合氯化铝；聚合硫酸铁；聚丙烯酰胺

The Physical-chemistry Processing Method Research of Waste Water in the Process of
Producing Regenerated Paper
Abstract: By way of research three kinds of inorganic coagulants ( polymerization alumina,polymerization aluminum chloride and polymerization iron sulfate ) and one kind of organiccoagulant ( polyprogylene polyam ide ) under the different influence factors ( throwing thecapacity adding, pH's value, stirs speed, stirs time ), to waste water in the process of producing regenerated paper the physical chemistry processing effect, selects out that various coagulants optimum throwing the capacity adding, pH's value, stirs speed and stirs time, concludes to polymerization alumina at the aspect that deals with waste water in the process of producing regenerated paper effect is the best. Indicates: 1%polymerization alumina in pH's value is for 6 – 7 scopes at last, throws the capacity adding for 8mL, with 150r / min the stirring speed stirred 6 minutes, the haziness of waste water in the process of producing regenerated paper goes that removing rate can achieve more than 90%, and COD goes that removing rate can achieve more than 80%.
Key words: waste water in the process of producing regenerated paper;polymerization alumina;polymerization aluminum chloride; polymerization iron sulfate; polyprogylene polyam ide

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