单招高三英语语法专项复习——名词上课讲义.doc

单招高三英语语法专项复习名词精品文档单招高三英语语法专项复习教学案（一）一、名词的种类英语名词可以分为两大类：普通名词和专有名词。普通名词是某一类人、某一类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如：happiness，chair，family，gold。普通名词可进一步分为：1个体名词：表示个别人或事物的名称。例如：teacher，desk，book，car。2集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称。例如：class，team，people，furniture。注意有许多集体名词也可以用作个体名词，但是意义稍有不同。用作集体名词的时候指的是整体；用作个体名词的时候，指的是这个集体中的成员。My family _(be) a big one.(家庭)My family _(be) fond of watching football games.(家庭成员)3物质名词：表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的实物。例如：air，water，bread，paper，oil。4抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念，多指看不见摸不着的东西。例如：sadness，safety，care，thought，illness。而专有名词是个别的人、团体、地方、机构或事物的名称，其中实词的第一个字母必须大写。例如：Mary，the Peoples Republic of China，Sydney，Beijing Hotel。名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有_数、_数之分，表示可以数计的事物的名词。个体名词和集体名词一般是_(可 / 不可)数的。例如：a girltwo girls，a flowersome flowers。不可数名词表示的是不可以数计的名词，一般不分单数和复数。物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词一般是_数的。例如：coffeea cup of coffee，milka glass of milk。有少数名词既可作不可数名词，又可作可数名词，但意义有所不同。例如：不可数名词可数名词paper纸 文件；论文；报纸experience经验 经历room空间房间【即学即练】 （ ）1. Mr. Li has worked in this factory for many years. He has _ in this field. A. many experience B. many experiences C. much experience D. much experiences ( ) 2. Mr. Black is a famous professor. He has published a lot of _ in many foreign magazines. A. paper B. papers ( ) 3. There were too many people in the boat. They couldnt make any _ for her. A. room B. rooms二、名词的数数是个语法范畴，指名词的单、复数形式。(一)可数名词能用数目计算的，表示事物、人、概念的名词称为可数名词。可数名词的有单、复数形式，单数形式就是名词的原形。复数形式有两种：一种是规则复数，另一种是不规则复数。1规则复数形式 （1）一般情况在末尾加S desk -_, cat-_ bag-_ (2)以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词一般加_ box-_ brush-_ glass-_ watch-_ (3)以 “辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变 _ 为_, 再加_ family-_ story-_ country -_ 但以 “元音字母+y”结尾的名词只加_boy-_ toy-_ (4)以 “辅音字母+O”结尾的名词通常+_, hero-_ tomato-_ potato-_但少数缩略词只加_:kilo-_ piano-_ photo-_以“元音字母+O”结尾的名词只加_radio-_ zoo-_ (5)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为_,再加_ knife-_ half-_ wife-_ wolf-_但也有两例直接加s roof-_ 屋顶 belief-_ 信仰2.不规则复数形式 （1）单词本身元音变化或加ren或en tooth-_ woman-_ man-_ child-_ (2) 有些词单复同形 绵羊_ 鹿_ 中国人_, 日本人_ (3)只用复数的名词 眼镜_, 衣服_, 长裤_ (4)有些名词单数形式表达复数意义 警察 _ 人民_【即学即练】(1). Look at those _. (child) (2). I can see a _ standing near the door. (policeman)(3). Do you want some _ for dinner? (potato)(4). In autumn, you can see a lot of _ on the ground.(leaf)(5). He has two _.One is blue , the other is yellow.( box)(6) .Two _ live in this building .( family )(7). The police _(be) searching the forest for the lost boy now.( ) (8). Can you see the _ over there? _ are eating the grass in the garden. A. deers, They B. deers, It C. deer, They D. deer, It3.复合名词的复数形式 (1)将其中的主体名词变复数 a daughter-in-law two _, a looker-on some _ (2)如果没有主体名词，在词尾加s a grow-up some _, a go-between many _ 中间人 （3）由man和woman构成的合成词，同单同复 a man teacher five _, a woman doctor four _ 4表示民族的名词，单、复数形式主要有以下三种情况： (1)单复数形式相同。 a Chinese two _ a Japanesefour _(2)词尾加一s构成复数。 an American two _ a German three _(3)变man为men构成复数 an Englishmanfive _ a Frenchwomansix _【即学即练】（ ）1There are four _ and two _ in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans（ ）2Two _ would come to the village.A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors （ ）3. He has three _. They all love him. A. sister-in-law B. sister-in-laws C. sister-ins-law D. sisters-in-law(二).不可数名词不可数名词的计数：不可数名词本身不可以计数，如果要计数的话，就得借助一些可数名词作单位词，表达方式为：aan或数词+名词(可数)+of+名词(不可数)，例：a piece of bread。这类用作单位词的可数名词可分为以下四类： 1表示个数的单位词，如piece，item，article，bit等，它们几乎可以和所有的不可数名词进行搭配。 一块肉_, 一张纸_一块布_, 一条建议_2表示形状的单位词，如drop，grain等。 一滴血_ 一粒沙_3表示容积的单位词，如cup，bottle，glass等。 一杯牛奶_. 一瓶果汁_, 一杯茶_4表示度量单位的量词，如kilogram(公斤)， kilometer，一公斤猪肉_注：请思考：这类结构的名词复数形式的“s” 加在哪里？ two _( cup) of tea three _ (bottle) of juice.【即学即练】 ( )1. The boys have got _ al r e a d y. .A . two bread B. . two breads C. two pieces of bread D. .two piece of bread ( )2. Help yourself to some _. Thank you! I really like it. A. orange B. apples C. cakes D.snacks三、名词的格 在句中表示名词与其他名词所有关系、所属关系，称为名词的格(名词的属格)。 名词有主格、宾格和所有格三种格的形式，分别用作句子的主语，宾语或介词的宾语和表示所有关系。所有格是几种格的形式中唯一有词形变化的，分为一s所有格，of所有格和双重所有格三种。 、 1一s所有格 (1)名词单数加一s构成所有格，主要用于有生命的名词后。 _ coat格林先生的大衣 _ food狗粮 (2)以一s结尾的复数名词只加 构成所有格。 _ readingroom教师阅览室 _ gifts他朋友们的礼物 如果是复数，但不带词尾一s；则仍然加 s。 Peoples Daily人民日报 _ toys, 孩子们的玩具 (3)以一s结尾的专有名词既可加一s，也可以加一构成所有格。 DickensDickenss works狄更斯的作品 (4)复合名词词尾加s构成所有格。 a passerbys umbrella一位路人的伞 (5)并列名词根据语义而定，一件东西为两人所共有，在第二个名词后加一s。 Alice and Beths room爱丽丝和贝思的房间 _ desk 丽丽和露西的课桌 如果是分属两人所有，则在每个名词后加一s。 Alices and Beths rooms-(Alices room and Beths room) 爱丽丝的房间和贝思的房间 它们是丽丽的课桌和露西的课桌。They are _desks. 2of所有格 用of表示所有关系，一般用于表示无生命东西的名词，但也常常用于人名或其他表示有生命的名词。 the legs of the table桌子的腿 _ _ _ the magazine杂志的封面 3双重所有格 双重所有格，其构成的形式是of+名词一s或of+名词性物主代词。 a friend of my fathers _ _ _ _ _ 我的一个朋友【即学即练】 （ ）1.He told me that _ would come to his birthday party. A. many Jack friends B. many Jacks friend C. Jacks many friends D. many friends of Jacks ( ) 2. Do you know where the _ are? They are looking for them. A. boys bags B. boys bags C. boys bag D. boys bag ( )3. Do you know the two women over there? Yes, they are _ mothers. A. Tom and Jims B. Toms and Jims C. Toms and Jim D. Tom and Jim ( )4. This is _ dorm. Its very clean. A. Tom and Jims B. Toms and Jims C. Toms and Jim D. Tom and Jim 巩固练习 ()1. Jims bike is more expensive than _ Ahis brothers and sister Bhis brothers and sisters C his brothers and sister Dhis brother and sister()2 .Li ping tried hard to find a job in the sales department，but he had no_ Achance Btime Cmoney Dluck()3.Alice said she would be there at eight oclock but I thought she would not keep her _ Aright Bword Csaying D balance()4. _clothes are sold in Nanjing commercial Market. AMan and childs BMen and children C Mens and childrens DMens and childs()5. Even a child knows that_are made of_ Aglass; glass B glasses; glasses Cglasses; glass Dglass; glasses()6. Heres my card. Lets keep in _ Afriendship Brelation Cconnection D touch()7. Zhang Chao will go to the_to buy some books this afternoon. Abooks store Bbook store Cbooks store Dbooksstore()8._has been used to save his life. AEvery possible means BAll possible means CEvery possible mean DAll the possible means()9. The homework for Monday is to write a _composition about our school. Afivehundredword Bfivehundred words Cfivehundredsword Dfivehundreds words()10. I am very sorry, sir! But I was delayed by _ Asome heavy traffics Bheavy traffics Cheavy traffic Dany heavy traffic()11.In the computer times, people can get a lot of _from the Internet. Aideas Binformation Cphotos Dstories()12. My grandfather keeps a lot of _on his farm. Acows and sheep Bcows and sheeps Ccow and sheeps Dcow and sheep()13.Her little brother broke a _while she was washing up. Luckily, he didnt hurt himself. Aglass for wine Bwine glass Cglass of wine Dglass wine ()14. My Christmas present was given by_ Amy father friends Ba friend of my fathers Cmy father friend D a friend of my father()15.After standing for hours, the students were glad to take _rest. Aa few minutes Ba little minutess Ca little minutes Da few minutes()16.The Queen was very rude to her _. They had a hard life. Awoman servants Bwomen servant Cwoman servant Dwomen servants()17.I knew I shouldnt accept anything from such a person，but I found it difficult to turn down his_ Aoffer Bsuggestion Crequest Dplan ()18.Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at _ APeter and Helens BPeter and Helen CPeter and Helens DPeters and Helens()19.I have three foreign classmates. One is _， the other two are_ AJapanese; America BRussian; Germany CCanada; Australia DEnglish; Frenchmen( )20. Just then, I found her sitting in the corner reading _, with _ in eyes. A. a piece of newspaper; tear B. newspaper; tears C. a newspaper; tears D. newspapers; tear讲解部分参考答案：语法点拨一名词的种类 2. is, are 4. 可， 不可，可， 不可【即学即练】1.C 2. B 3.A二名词的数 (一)、可数名词 1. （1）desks, cats, bags (2) es, boxes, brushes, glasses, watches (3)y, i, es. families, stories, countries. s, boys, toys (4)es, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes. s, kilos, pianos, photos. s, radios, zoos (5)v, es. Knives, halves, wives, wolves. roofs, beliefs. 2. (1) teeth, women, men, children (2) sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese (3) glasses, clothes, trousers (4) police, people 【即学即练】(1). children, (2).policeman, (3).potatoes, (4).leaves, (5). boxes, (6). families (7). are, (8). C 3. (1) daughters-in-law, lookers-on (2)grow-ups, go-betweens(3) men teachers, women doctors 4. (1) Chinese, Japanese (2) Americans, Germans (3)Englishmen, Frenchmen 【即学即练】1.C 2.C 3.D（二）不可数名词 1. a piece of meat, a piece of paper, a piece of cloth, a piece of advice 2. a drop of brood, a grain of sand 3. a glass of milk, a bottle of juice, a cup of tea 4. a kilogram of meat 注：cups. Bottles 【即学即练】 1.C 2. A(三) 名词的格 1. （1）Mr. Greens, dogs (2) teachers , his friends , childrens (5)Lily and Lucys , Lilys and Lucys 2. the cover of 3. 我父亲的一个朋友， a friend of mine 【即学即练】 1. D, 2. A, 3.B, 4.A收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除