高中英语笔记必修三、四、五教学内容.doc

高中英语笔记必修三、四、五精品文档高中英语笔记必修三、四、五必修三Unit1 1. starve v.及物动词 例：Millions of people starved to death during the war.(饿死)Starve for = be srarved of = long for极度渴望例：The homeless children were starving for/were starved of affection.(无家可归的孩子都渴望得到疼爱)不及物动词 例：Im starving .(仅用于进行时态)2. dressv.穿戴 作为及物动词时，不接表示衣服的名词，要接表示人的名词或代词，表示自己穿衣服的时候用反身代词 例：We dressed the children. 又：I dressed myself.Be dressed in 后接表示颜色或衣服的名词 例：She was dressed in red.3. award.n.表示奖赏或奖品，常与win/gain/ receive搭配v.表示颁发、授予、后接双宾语 例：The school awarded Merry a prize for her good work.4. the + 形容词、the + 过去分词 表示一类人或一类事物，或表示抽象概念做主语时谓语动词用复数；若指抽象概念，做主语时谓语动词用单数例：Nowadays, the young are always seeking the beautiful, which has been gone for ages.(现今很多年轻人【一类人】总是寻找那些已经消失多年的美丽【抽象概念】)5. do harm to sb/sth = do sb/sth harm对.有害 do good to sb/sth = do sb/sth good对.有利do no harm to sb/sth 对.无害例：Do more harm than good弊大于利 Do more good than harm利大于弊6. lead sb.to do sth引导某人做某事 lead sb.in (doing)sth 导致某人做某事例：The guide led us through the forest. 又：The teachers lead us in planting trees.7. 为某人提供某物的几种表达offer sth to sb = offer sb sth provide sth for sb = provide sb with sthsupply sth to sb = supply sb.with sth例：When I meet difficulty, my roommate will offer me help又：The government need to provide these old people with food and clothing.又：Electricity should be supplied enough everymonth.8. as if /as though引导表语从句或方式状语从句，可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气表示与事实有可能相反，用虚拟语气。例：He behaved as if/though nothing had happened.(状语)He looks as if/though he were ill.(表语)规则：与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去式（be 动词用were） 与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成式（如果从句有明显的过去时间，则用一般过去式） 与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去将来式（would/might/could + 动词原形）陈述语气表示很有可能的事实例： It looks as if/though it is going to rain.又；She spoke to me as if /though she knew me.9. in memory of = to the memory of例：He wrote the poem in memory of his friend.拓展：in honor of对.表示敬意 in need/want of需要 in charge of掌管 in praise of 称赞 In search of 寻找 in hopr of希望 in place of代替 in favor of支持 Unit 2 Healthy eating1. balancen.平衡 v.使.保持平衡keep ones balance保持平衡 lose ones balance 失去平衡be out of balance失去平衡（介词短语）the balance of nature生态平衡2. 现在分词作状语表条件、伴随、时间、原因、结果等例：Walking in the street,she met her old friend.(时间)Seeing nobody at home, she decide to eat outsides.(原因)The child fell, stricking his head against the ground.（结果）3比较级的否定形式表示最高级例：Nothing could be better. 又：I have nerver seen a better film. Nobody loved money better than he did.4.see/watch/notice/hear/feel + sb + do sth.(全过程) + doing sth.(一个动作) 例；I saw him put everything in his bag and go out.I saw him putting something in his bag.1. be/get tired of厌倦 be tired out精疲力尽 be tired from因.而疲倦例：I was tired out when I reached the top of the moutain. 又：I was tired from running fast.2. seem 的几种句式（意均为“好像”）seem（to be ）+ n.seem(to be) + adj/P.Pseem to do(不定式有时需用进行时或完成时)seem + like + n.It seems/seemed + that从句There seems to be.It seems as if/though.例：Marry seems (to be ) a clever girl. The children seems to be eating something.It seems that nobody knew what had happened. It seems like a good idea.It seems as if/though somebody is calling you.3. 比较下列句式have sb.doing sth容许某人做某事，常用于情态动词的否定动词之后例：I cant have them wasting their time in this way.让某人一直做某事 例：My mother have me doing housework all day.have sb/sth do 让某人/物做.（特指）have sth done叫别人做某事（不定指）使某事完成遭遇某种不幸have sth to do有某事要做例：I have some clothes to wash.(自己洗).I have some clothes wash.(叫别人洗)4. glare,stare,gaze的区别glare愤怒地看，怒视 例；They stopped arguing, and glare at each other.stare盯着、由于惊喜、害怕、生气、或沉思而睁大眼睛全神贯注地看。例：I told my son to stop staring at that woman ,it wasnt polite.gaze凝视，指短时间的注意 例：She gazed at him in amazement.5. before long 和long before的区别before long 不久以后，很快：多与将来时或过去时连用 例：Before long he had to move on.Long before 很久以前；跟完成时连用 例；He had taken a doctors degree long before. Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note1. permitv.允许，准许 n.许可证permit sb to do sth = permit sb doing sth = sb be permitted to do sth.允许某人做某事使某事有可能 例：If my health permits, I will go with you.2. spotv.找出、认出、发现（不用于进行时态）n.斑点、污点、红斑；地点例：She spotted her friend in the crowed.又：This is a nice spot for a house拓展：on the spot立刻、马上；现场的3Accountvi.解释 vt.认为 accountant.会计On account of因为 take into account考虑 on no account绝不4find oneself + 介词短语/分词 发觉例：He found himself walking in the direction of the park.1. 比较下列表示大量的用法many / a good(great) many / a large number of / large numbers of / scores of / dozens of等 + 复数名词much / a good(great) deal of / a large amount of 等 + 不可数名词a mass(masses) of / a large quantity of / large quantities of / plenty of / lots of /a lot of / a pile /piles of 既可接可数名词，又可接不可数名词2. take chances / a chance + on sth / of doing sth = take/run + a risk/risks + on sth/of doing sth冒险做某事7短语be lost in sth专注于某事 be lost in thought想得入神be lost to sth不再受某事物影响,将某事置之度外a green hand新手give sb a hand给某人帮助 the white/blue collor 白领/蓝领make/have a bet打赌 win/lose a bet赢/输掉打赌 take up/accept a bet接受打赌Unit 4 1. remain 连系动词 仍然是；保持不变可接名词作表语 例：The labour shortage remains a problem in society.可接形容词作表语 例：Three out of four of the men present remain single.接过去分词表被动 例：In fact, the work remained unfinished.接现在分词作表语 例：The students remain listening to the music接介词短语 例：People in some parts of African remain in deep poverty.剩余；遗留；继续存在 例：Very little of the house remained after the fire.与There 连用，意思是剩下的，余下的 例：There remains one difficult task for us to finish.接被动结构的不定式（to be done），意为“尚待”例：It remains to be seen whether you are right.remainingadj.剩下的 例：The remaining ten books belong to me.remainsn.剩余物 例：Linda drank the remains of her coffee.2. depend on的用法depend on/upon + n./whether + 从句 取决于例：Whether well go home tomorrow or not depend on whether it will rain or not.depend on/upon sb.to do sth.指望某人做某事例：You cant depend on him to come on time.(=his coming on time)depend on it that.指望 例：You may depend on it that he will join our club.It/That (all) depends.看情况而定3. 比较下列两种句型To begin with以.为起点；开始做.to start with以.开始；从.着手；由.作为开头例：Knowledge begins with practice.(认识从实践开始)又：A thousand Li journey starts with the first step.4. 短语in ones turn轮到某人 in turn依次，逐个 by turn轮流地on time准时 at a time每次 at times有时 in no time马上 at one time曾经at the same time同时In time 及时；迟早；最后 例：You will succed in time.又:Shell be back in time to prepare dinner.5. 倍数的表示方法A + 谓语 + 倍数 + as much / many / large / great / fast / far等 + as BA + 谓语 + 倍数 + adj. / adv. + than + BA + 谓语 + 倍数 + the + n.(size / height / weight / length.) + of + B6. be to do sth常用来表示不可避免将要发生的事，也表示按客观或受人指使去做某事：而be going to do 表示主观的打算，计划例：Im to play football tomorrow.(被迫，不得不)Im going to play football tomorrow.(自愿)7. 现在分词作状语表示多种意义例：Playing computer games all day, you will waste your valuable time.(条件)Her mother died, leaving her with her young brother.(结果)Walking in the street,I saw a friend of mine.(时间)Not feeling very well,Tom went to see the doctor.(原因)Unit 51. measuren.测量，措施；（常用复数形式）例：I took the measure of the deskv.测量，衡量 例：Lets measure the height of the ceiling.短语：in some/a measure在某种程度上 be measured in feet用英尺量In great/large measure在很大程度上 take measures to do sth采取措施做某事2. across , through, along 的区别across表示从物体表面穿过：through表示在空间里移动（内部）；along沿着细长的路走过例：Theyre building a new bridge across the river. 又：It took us two hours to walk through the forest. Go along the street and turn left at the first traffic lighe.3. manage to do sth = succeed in doing sth设法做成某事 try to do sth 尝试做某事（不一定成功）例：He managed to be here on time 又：He said he tried to be here on time.4. not until 的用法not.until 直到.才；句子或主句谓语动词一般为非延续性动词或be动词例：You neednt come until six.又：Dont get off the bus until it stops.until 直到.为止 句子或主句谓语动词一般为延续性动词。例：Go on until you reach the end.又：He worked until his boss backed.not until置于句首要用部分倒装 例：Not until I came back did she go away.5. 短语catch sight of = have sight of 瞥见，发现 lose sight of 忽略 in sight看得见，在眼前Out of sight看不见，在视线之外 at first sight 看一次就.lose ones sight失明Out of sight,out of mind眼不见，心不烦（眼不见为净）in the distance在远处 from a diatance从远处 at a distance隔开一段距离Keep sb at a distance疏远、冷落某人 keep ones distance from与.保持距离。Within walking distance在步行可及之处6. giftedadj.有天赋的，有才华的必修四Unit 1 Women of achivement1. conditionn.条件be in good condition状况良好/健康 例：The car is in very good condition.Be out of condition状况不好/身体欠佳 on this/that condition在这个/那个条件下On no condition 在任何状况下都不；绝不 make it a condition that.以.为条件On condition that.在.的条件下例：Her parents allowed her to go but made it a condition that she must get home before midnight.Well let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.You should on no condition visit that place.2. behavev.行为 behaviourn.行为；举止；表现不及物动词：行为，举止 例：The boy behaved bravely.及物动词：守规矩，举止适当而有礼貌（后常接反身代词）例：Please behave yourself.不可数名词 例：He was on his best behaviour at the party.常用搭配 behave honourably行为正大光明 behave rudely行为粗暴Behave (well / badly) to/toward sb.对待某人好/坏 例；He behaved badly to/toward the customers.3.Leave sb/sth doing sth让某人/物做某事例：They went off and left me sitting there all by myself.4.mean doing sth意味着 mean to do sth打算做某事例：Catch the first bus means getting up early.又:I meant to call you ,but I was too busy.5.warnv.警告Warn sb against sb/doing sth.告诫，提防 warn sb not to do sth警告某人不要做某事Warn sb that.警告某人. warn sb of sth.预先通知某人某事例：The doctor warned me not to drink.又：The doctor warned me against drinking.6.worth.的句型Be worth + n.值多少钱 be worth doing sth值得做某事 be worthy of + n.配得上.或值得.Be worthy of being done = be worthy to be done值得被做 Its worthwhile(to do)/doing sth值得做.例：The book is worth reading.=The book is warthy of being read.= The book is worthy to be read.= Its worthwhile reading/to read the book.这本书值得一读。7. once副词 一次；曾经 例：She once knew him.连词 一旦；一.就. 例：Once he arrives we can start. 短语：at once马上 all at once突然，忽然 once in a while偶尔；间或 once upon a time很久以前8. arguev.争吵，争论 arguementn.争论，争辩argue with sb about sth与某人争论某事 argue for sth为了.而辩论 argue against sth为反对.而辩论argue sb into/out of .力劝某人（不）干某事 argue that.(可用虚拟语气)争论例：He argued with the txic driver about the fare.9. intend for是为某人而准备的；打算使某人成为例：The flowers were intended for you. 又：He was intended for a teacher.10Care for 宾语是人或动物的名词时，可以表示喜欢或爱的意思，也可表示照顾，可用于肯定，疑问和否定句例：He cares for her deeply.又：They cared for the child day and night.宾语时物时表示喜欢或愿意，没有被动形式，只用于否定句或疑问句，常与would连用，也可接sb to be. 例：I dont care much for music.又：I wouldnt care for him to be my partner.care about 关心，在乎/计较 take care to do sth小心做某事 in the care of sb由某人负责，由某人保管例：They left the child in the care of a friend.11.deliver.v.接生，传递，Deliver a baby接生小孩 deliver sth to sb把某物递给某人deliver a speech.发表演讲Deliver ab from danger解放，解救 be delivered of a child=give birth to a child.生小孩12.second to次于，亚于second to none首屈一指的Unit 2 Working the land1. because,since,as,for的区别 语气becausesinceasfor 前三个是从属连词，引导原因状语从句；后一个是并列连词，引导并列句because表直接原因，所指原因通常是听话的人所不知道的，常用来回答why的提问，在强调句型中只能用because 例：It was because I missed the early bus that I was late for schoolsince侧重主句，从句表示显然的，或已为人知的理由，译为“因为，既然”例：Since he asks you, youll tell him why.as是常用词，它表示的原因是双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因或理由不是很重要，含义与since相同，但语气比since弱，没有since正式，常译为“由于，鉴于”例：We all like her as she is kind.for表示顺便带出一个事实，作为陈述的理由，并不是直接原因例：Summer is coming, for it gets hotter and hotter.2. make + it + 形容词/名词 + to do句型 使做某事变得.例：The fine weather makes it possible for us to go for an outing tomorrow.Feel , find, think, consider也有这种用法例：We found it pleasant to work with her. 又：We think it necessary for us to learn a foreign language.3. would rather的用法宁愿 直接接动词原形，注意否定式，疑问式及其回答例：Wouldnt you rather live in the country? -No ,I wouldnt .Id rather live here.表示“宁愿做.不愿做.”，后接than do sth(相当于would do sth rather than do sth)例：I would rather stay at home than go out(=I would stay at home rather than go out)后接从句，从句谓语动词用一般过去时表现在或将来，用过去完成时表过去。例：Id rather you came tomorrow than today.又：Id rather you hadnt done that.4. ridv.使.自由；摆脱rid sb/sth of sb/sth 把.从.解放出来 be/get rid of 摆脱拓展：rob sb.of sth抢劫某人某物 remind sb of sth提醒某人某事 expect sb of sth期望. Require sb of sth要求. convince sb of sth 使某人信服 ask sb of sth 询问某人某事5. equipv.装备equip sb for sth/to do sth使某人具备做某事的条件例：Your education will equip you to earn a good living.equip.with.用.装备.例:We should equip our children with a good education.6. affectv.影响（相当于 have an effect on） 例：Smoking affect/have an effect on health.使某人有悲伤或同情的感觉；感动 例：She was deeply affected by the news.7. build up 的用法变得强大，更多，更强壮 例：Traffic is building up on roads into the city.build oneself/sb lup使自己或某人健康，强壮 例：You need more protein to build you up.build sth up 逐步获得，发展，增加或加强某事物 例： build up a fine reputation.8. prefer的句型prefer sth选择某物 prefer A to B比起A更喜欢B prefer doing sth选择做某事prefer to do sth更喜欢做某事 prefer doing A to doing B宁愿做A也不愿做Bprefer to do A rather than B宁愿做A也不做B prefer sb to do让某人做 prefer that.选择做（虚拟）例：Our teachers prefer that we should pay attention to our had writing.9. more than的用法more than + 数词 = over more than one + 名词 做主语时谓语动词用单数more than + 形容词 非常，很 例：I assure you that I am more than glad to help you.Unit 3 A taste of English humour1. content形容词 满足的、满意的（content做形容词时不能充当定语，而常在系动词后作表语）名词 满足 例：I like the style of this book ,but I dont like the content.be content to do = be will to do = be ready to do乐意做某事To ones hearts content心满意足，尽情地 content oneself with 对.感到满足，满足于.例：My parents are content to live in the country.2. entertainv.取乐，娱乐；款待(意为“取乐”时与with搭配，意为“款待”时与to搭配)例：He entertained us for hours with his stories and jokes.又：They entertained us to dinner last night.3. failure 做为可数名词时意为“失败的人或事”；作为不可数名词时意为“失败”例：The failure of the bank caused a panic in the town.4. 多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序冠词（包括物主代词、序数词、基数词）、描述性形容词（brave,beautiful等）、表示形状的形容词（大小、长短、高矮）、表示年龄或新旧的形容词、表示颜色的形容词、表示国籍或出处或来源的形容词、表示材料或物质的形容词、表示用途或类别的形容词例：those large round black wooden tables.Unit 4 Body language1. majoradj.较重要的，较大的，主要的 例：The car needs major repair.v.主修.的科目（与in搭配）例：Mary is majoring in French.n.陆军少校2. close v.关闭 n.（指一段时间或活动）结束、终结 例：at the close of the year.adj.靠近、亲密的、小心的 adv.接近、靠近 例：They sat close togetherclose与closely的区别，前者意为“靠近，紧密”，后者意为“靠近，密切地，仔细”比close更近。3.be likely to = Its likely that 很可能，有希望例：He is likely to win. 又：Its likly that he will win.Likely,possible,probable的区别Likely是从表面迹象看出有可能；possible是指由于有适当的条件和方法，某事很有可能会发生或做到，强调客观上有可能，但常含有实际希望很小的意思；probable语气比possible强，指有根据，合情理，值得相信的事物，带