商务翻译.docx

翻译Unit11. International trade, also known as world trade, foreign trade or overseas trade, is the exchange of goods and services between countries.国际贸易， 又称世界贸易、 对外贸易或海外贸易， 是国与国之间商品和服务的交换交换。2. Trade may occur because of economies of scale, that is, the cost advantages of large-scale production.贸易可能源于规模经济， 即大规模生产带来的成本优势。3. Visible trade refers to exports and imports of goods, while invisible trade refers to an exchange of services, labor or other non-physical goods between countries.有形贸易即产品的进出口， 而无形贸易则指服务和资产的交换。4. If a country s exports exceed its imports, it has a trade surplus and the trade balance issaidto be positive. If imports exceed exports, the country has a trade deficit and its tradebalance is said to be negative.如果出口大于进口， 即为贸易顺差， 称为出超； 如果进口大于出口， 则为贸易逆差， 称为入超。5. A tariff is a tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a customs area which usually coincides with the area of a country.关税即当货物跨越关境边界时征收的税， 关境通常就是国境。6. A quota is a limitation in value or in physical terms, imposed on import and export of certain goods for a certain period of time.配额是对某一商品在某一特定时期的进出口加以价值或数量上的限定。7. 各种形式的贸易壁垒主要来源于政府干预(government intervention)。Various forms of trade barriers are largely derived from government intervention.8. 近年来中国经济迅速增长， 贸易结构也相应改变很大。Chinas economic growth has been tremendous in recent years and its trade structure has correspondingly undergone considerable transformation.9. 当前国际贸易中最大的困难是非关税壁垒， 如进口配额、 出口管制等。The major difficulties in international trade today are the non-tariff barriers like quota sdttl and export controls.10. 大多数贸易协定是多边协定， 而非双边协定。Most trade agreements today are multilateral rather than bilateral.Unit21. In order to take the initiative, the seller may reproduce the buyers sample, and send it back to the buyer as a type sample. After the buyer confirms this sample, sale by buyers sample is changed into sale by the sellers counter sample.为了采取主动，卖方可根据买方样品加工出类似样品交买方确认。买方确认后，凭买方样品买卖变为凭卖方对等样品买卖。2. FAQ means a quantity of a product that is offered not on a particular quality specification but on the basis that is equal to the average quality of the current group or recent shipment. 良好平均品质是指不按特定商品规格，而以近期的一批货物或装船货物的平均品质为基础提供的一批货物。3. Tolerance means the permissible range within which the quality supplied by the seller may be either superior or inferior to the quality stipulated in the contract.公差指卖方交货品质优于或劣于合同规定质量的许可范围。4. It is very difficult to measure accurately some agricultural and mineral products like corn, wheat, coal, etc., then a “more or less clause”, also called “plus or minus clause”, may be used to allow some tolerance in the quantity.有时难以保证装运商品的数量与合同规定完全相符，因此会使用溢短装条款或称增减条款以允许数量差额。5. Unless there is a stipulation that the quantity of the goods must not be exceeded or reduced, or the goods are to be calculated by number of package, 5% more or less of the goods in quantity should be accepted.如果未规定商品质量不能增加或者减少，则可有5%的增减幅度。6. Packing should be designed according to the need of the cargo. Bulk cargoes require little packing. General merchandises require adequate packing of various types.包装应按货物的需要来设计。散装货几乎不用包装，大路货需要不同类型的合适包装。7. 我方对产品质量很满意，想知道它们是怎么包装的。We appreciate the quality of your products but would like to know how they are packed.8. 豆子是以散装或尼龙袋供应的。The beans are supplied in bulk or in gunny bags.9. 我方采用纸箱而非木箱，因为纸箱同样适用于海上运输，但成本更少，重量更轻。 We have now adopted carton packing instead of wooden cases as the former is just as seaworthy as the latter while the cost is less and the weight lighter.10. 每罐装330毫升零度可口可乐，每24罐装一纸箱。Pack the Coco Cola Zero in tins of 330ml each, 24 tins to a carton.Unit31. A unit price consists of four parts: currency unit, unit price figure, measuring unit and price terms.单价由四部分组成： 计价货币、 单位价格金额、 计量单位和价格术语。大连理工大学出 版社2. In ISO 4217 Currency Code List, the currency code is composed of the countrys two character Internet country code plus an extra character to denote the currency unit.在国际标准化组织4217货币代码表中， 货币代码由国家网络代码的两个字母和代表计价单位的另一个字母组成。3. Total amount equals to the unit price multiplied by the quantity of the goods. It is often shown in the contract not only in Arabic numbers but also in English words.总值等于单价乘以商品的数量。 合同中的总值不止用阿拉伯数字表示， 还用英语表示。4. Theoretically, use of hard currency as payment currency is more favorable to the exporter, while the importer prefers to pay in soft currency.理论上来说， 以硬通货币作为支付货币对出口商来说更有利， 而进口商更愿意用软货币。5. Foreign exchange rate is the price relationship between the currencies of two countries or the price of one currency in terms of the other.汇率就是两国货币间的价格关系或一种货币相对于另一种货币的价格。大连理工大学出 版社6. Plain commission is often represented by a capital letter “C” followed a percentage of commission rate, which is inserted into the price term, for example,“USD200.00 per M/TCIFC2% London.明佣通常用大写字母“ C” 加上佣金的百分率， 嵌入价格术语中来表示， 如“CIF伦敦价每公吨200美元含2%佣金。 ”7. 该报盘以我方最终确认为准。The offer is subject to our final confirmation.8. 你方如果不把价格降到市场价格水平就没有希望做成买卖。It will be hopeless to get the business if you dont bring your price into line with the world market.9. 请报最优惠的CIF伦敦价， 包括3%佣金在内。Wed like to have your most favorable CIF London price, including 3% commission.10. 价格是上海工厂交货价每公吨300英镑。The price is GBP 300 per metric ton EXW Shanghai.Unit41. Trade terms, also called price terms or delivery terms, are an important part of a unit price in international trade, standing for specific responsibilities and obligations of both the buyer and the seller.贸易术语，又称价格术语或交货术语，是国际贸易中单价条款的重要组成部分， 代表买卖双方各自特定的责任和义务。2. FCA requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable.FCA 要求卖方在需要时办理出口清关手续。3. Under CPT, the seller must contract for and pay the costs of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination.CPT下，卖方必须订立运输合同，自付费用将货物运至指定的目的地。4. Under CIP, the seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyer s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.CIP下，卖方还必须订立保险合同以防买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险。5. When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination. 在CPT, CIP, CFR或CIF 适用的情形下，卖方的交货义务在将货物交付承运人， 而非货物到达指定目的地时，即告完全履行。6. 卖方必须支付在需要办理海关手续时，货物出口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他 费用。The seller must pay, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.7. CFR适用于海洋运输和内河沿运，而CPT则适于任何运输方式。CFR is only applied to sea and inland waterway transport while CPT may be used for any mode of transport.8. 卖方必须按照销售合同提供货物和商业发票。The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale.9. 自卖方交货之时起，买方必须承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time the goods have been delivered.10. FOB是指卖方在指定的装运港，将货物交至买方指定的船只上，或者指（中间 销售商）设法获取按该种交付方式交付的货物。FOB means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or procures the goods already so delivered.Unit61. A liner operates over a regular route, stops at fixed ports according to an advertised schedule. Its freight is relatively fixed with loading and unloading charges included.集装箱运输可以提供整装整交的门到门服务、 整装散交下的门到站服务、 拼装散交下的站到站服务和拼装整交下的站到门服务散交下的站到站服务和拼装整交下的站到门服务。2. Multimodal transport means the carriage of cargoes by at least two modes of transport on the basis of a multimodal transport contract and only one multimodal transport operator (MTO) is responsible for taking the cargoes from the consignor and delivering them to the consignee.这是指在一份多式联运合同下， 采用两种或两种以上运输方式， 由一个多式联运经营人负责将货物从发货人运至收货人的运输方式。3. There are basically two ways to set time of shipment: One is to clearly specify a period of time and the other is to create a link between the time of shipment and the time of receipt of L/C, M/T, T/T or D/D.在 FOB或 CFR或CIF合同下， 装运港通常由卖方提出， 在得到买方确定后， 在合同中做出规定同中做出规定。4. Partial shipment, also called shipment on installments, means that the goods under one contract are shipped in different terms or by different lots.分批装运又被称为分期装运， 是指一个合同项下的货物分若干期或若干批装运。5. The seller shall notify the buyer in a shipping notice the contract number, name of commodity, quantity, name of vessel, date of shipment, etc. immediately after effecting shipment so that the buyer can make preparation for receiving the goods at the place of destination.卖方应在装运通知， 通知买方合同号， 商品名称， 数量， 船名， 装运日期， 装运等后运等后， 买家可以在目的地的接收货物的制备。买家可以在目的地的接收货物的制备6. 我方得到通知， 无法提前装运， 只能延期到下个月。We have received notice that delivery has to be put off to early next month.7. 对于CIF合同， 我方一般规定装运港为“中国港口” ， 这样便于在就近口岸装运。As a rule, we stipulate “China Port” as the port of loading, so it will be convenient to ship the goods at a near port.8. 我方可以把货物从汕头经香港转运到大阪。We can have the goods shipped from Shantou to Osaka via Hong Kong, where they can be transshipped.9. 如合同规定“4到6月3等批每月装运一批” ， 则每批装运都形成一份独立的合同。As the contract provided, goods are requested to be shipped in three equal monthly installments daring April to June ,each forms a separate contract.10. 货物将于5月初到达你方港口， 届时我方将电话通知你方。It will reach your port of destination in early May. We shall give you a call to let you know.Unit71. Cargo transport insurance is a contract whereby the insurer, on the basis of premium paid, undertakes to indemnify the insured against losses.货物保险即承保人在获得保险费的情况下对所保货物承担损失的补偿的契约。2. The losses can fall into total loss and partial loss. Total loss of goods can further be divided into actual total loss and constructive total loss. Partial loss can be either general average or particular average损失可以分为两种： 全部损失和部分损失。 全部损失可以进一步分为实际全损和推定全损。 部分损失可分为共同海损和单独海损。3. General average is in use when both the ship and the goods on board are endangered and the captain, for the safety of the ship and the goods on board, intentionally and reasonably does some sacrifices or makes some expenses. Particular average means that a particular consignment is partially damaged.当船只和船上货物受到威胁时， 船长为了维护船只以及船上货物的安全， 故意合理牺牲部分货物或者产生费用理牺牲部分货物或者产生费用， 即为共同海损。即为共同海损4. It should be noted that “All Risks” does not, as its name suggests, really cover all risks. It excludes coverage against damage caused by war, strikes, riots, etc.应该指出的是一切险并非如其名所示， 真的包括一切风险。 一切险条款不包括由战争、 罢工、 动乱等造成的损坏。5. Open policy is a convenient method for insuring the goods where a number of consignments of similar export goods are intended to be covered.预约保单是对一系列准备投保的相似货物进行投保的简便方法。6. 由卖方按照发票金额的115%投保一切险。Insurance is to be covered by the seller for 115% of the invoice value.7. 我公司将按买方要求为这批货投保水渍险。Well cover the goods against WPA as required by the buyer.8. 我认为偷窃提货不着险已包含在贵公司的CIF报价中I think TPND is included in your CIF quotation.9. 我公司同意加保破碎险， 但其保险费由你方承担。We agree to add the coverage of Breakage Risk, but its premium should be borne byyour company.10. 请根据中国人民保险公司海洋运输货物保险条款按发票金额的120%向该公司投保水渍险。Insurance is to be covered for 120% of the invoice value against WPA as per of the Peoples Insurance Company of China.Unit91. Draft, also referred to as bill of exchange, is an unconditional written order issued by one person (the drawer) to another (the drawee), requiring the latter to pay on demand, or at a fixed time or determinable future time a sum of money to or to the order of a specified person, or to the bearer (the payee).汇票是一个人（出票人） 向另一个人（受票人） 签发的， 要求其在见票时、 某一特定时间、 或者在指定日期无条件支付确定的金额给某人或者持票人（受款人） 的票据。2. Sight draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee while time draft is payable at a later date e g 30 45 60 or 90 days after sight or a certain date is payable at a later date, e.g. 30, 45, 60, or 90 days after sight or a certain date.即期汇票要求受票人示票后立即付款， 远期汇票要求在见票后30、 45、 60、 90天或某一特定日期进行付款。3. According to the different means of sending the trust deed for payment, remittance can be divided into mail transfer (M/T), telegraphic transfer (T/T) and demand draft (D/D). 根据银行间转交信托书的方式， 汇付可分为信汇、 电汇和票汇。4. L/C is a written undertaking by a bank to the exporter at the request, and in accordance with the instruction of the importer to effect payment up to a stated sum of money, within a prescribed time limit and against documents. It is a kind of bankers credit.信用证就是银行根据要求， 按照买方指示承诺在某一特定时期内根据单据向卖方支付一定金额的书面承诺。 跟单信用证是一种银行信用。5. A confirmed L/C means that the confirming bank in the exporters country will pay if the issuing bank cannot pay. Thus, the exporter has double assurance of payment and is better protected保兑信用证是指如果开证行无法付款， 则由出口国的保兑行进行支付。 卖方具有获得货款的双重保证， 能得到较好的保护。6. In the case of D/P, documents will not be released to the importer until payment is made. There are D/P at sight and D/P after sight. In the case of D/A, documents are handed over to the importer upon his acceptance of the draft drawn by the exporter. Payment will not be made until a later date.付款交单需要实际付款后交单， 分为即期付款交单和远期付款交单。 承兑交单时， 进口商对出口商出具的汇票进行承兑后就能拿到单据， 隔一段时间再进行付款。7. 我们都让让步， 一半用信用证， 一半用付款交单怎么样？To meet each other half way, what do you say to 50% by L/C, and the balance by D/P?8. 据我所知， 你方按国际惯例， 也接受其他支付方式。大连理工大学出 版社As far as I know, you now do business according to international practice and also accept other kinds of terms of payment.9. 我方要求15%的预付货款于装运前一个月电汇至我公司。We demand a payment of 15% in advance be remitted by T/T to us one month before the date of shipment.10. 贵公司应凭我公司的跟单汇票于见票时付款。You should make payment against our documentary draft upon presentation.