初一英语：情态动词canmustmay的用法知识讲解.doc

此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除学员编号： 年 级： 初一 课时数及课时进度：学员姓名： 辅导科目： 英语 学科教师： 学科组长/带头人签名及日期课 题情态动词授课时间：备课时间： 教学目标情态动词can，must，may的用法重点、难点掌握三个情态动词的用法考点及考试要求掌握情态动词的用法并能灵活运用教学内容Step 1: homework checking and dictationStep 2: 情态动词一、概念：情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成复合谓语，没有人称和数的变化。情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有： can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .二、can/could1. 表示能力（如体力和脑力方面），意为“能、会”Can you speak Chinese?Can you play basketball?2. 表示请求或者允许，多用在口语中，意为“可以、能”等客观条件的允许。用于疑问句中用来提出要求，用于否定句中表示不允许。Can you help me?You cant play the computer3. 表示可能，理论上的可能。He can be out now.It cant bu sunny all the time.4. 表示说话人的猜测、怀疑、不肯定等，主要用于否定句、疑问句、感叹句中，带哟感情色彩。How can yo be so rude!Can he be back?5. could可以作为can的过去式，也可以在提出请求时表示委婉。He could save the little boy.Could you help me?三、may, might1. 表示“许可、准许”，此时与can同义，可以互换使用You may/can go to the cinema this evening.注意：表许可时其答语可以用“Yes,you may.”但是由于用may做肯定回答语气显得生硬、严肃，因此一般用Yes, please. /Certainly. / Of course.这些回答显得热情、客气。拒绝对方时，其答语可以用No, you mustnt. / No, you cant. / Sorry, you cant. / No, please dont等-May I come in? -Yes, please-May I use your ruler? -Certainly. Here you are.2. 表示可能性时，常用在肯定句中，意为“可能、也许”He may be very busy now.He said that she might not be at work today.3. can和may都可以表示推测。Can通常用在否定句和疑问句中，may通常用在肯定句和否定句中。虽然两者都可以用于否定句，但是程度不同，cant的语气比may not更强。It cant be true.It may not be true.4. 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可以译为“祝愿”May you have a good time.May you be happy.5. might可以作为may的过去式，也可以在提出请求时表委婉；在表示可能性时，might的可能性比may更小注意：can和may的区别1. can和may都可以表示“许可”，在征求对方意见时用may比较多 May I go now?2. 在询问客观上是否可以时，用can Can we take the books out?3. 在两者都可以用时，may更客气一些4. 在陈述句中用can比较多 You can sit here.5. can还可以表示能力，may无此用法6. 在否定句中一般不用may not，常用cant表示不可能He cant be at home tonight.四、must1. 表示“必须、一定要”，多强调说话人的主观看法（表示客观需要时，常用_） 否定式mustnt表示“一定不要，禁止” You must see the doctor. Must you go soon? 对于must开头的一般疑问句，如果要做否定回答，可以用neednt, dont have to，不能用mustnt -Must I come over tonight? -No, you neednt2. 表示推测，意为“准是，一定是”，但是通常只用于肯定句，在否定句、疑问句中通常用cantIt must be true.Can it be true? It cant be trueStep 3：Practice一、用can，may，must的适当形式填空1. _ I ask you a question?2. Attending a ball _ be exciting3. Michael _ be a policeman, for he is mush too short.4. Are you coming to Jeffs party? -Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.5. He never takes a taxi. He _ be very poor.6. I thought you _ like something to read, so I brought you some books.7. Look! I _ stand on my hands.8. He _ have been to Shanghai.9. The play is not interesting. I really _ go now.10. She _ like this place.二、根据汉语提示给出下列句子的回答1. Must we hand in our exercise books today? _.(不，没有必要)2. Can I call you by your first name? _(是的，可以)3. Could I come here again tomorrow? _(是的，你可以来)4. Must we send in our pla this week? _(是的，必须交)5. May I use you pen? _(可以，给你)三、选择1. Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet.A shall B must C may D can2. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A wont ,cant B mustnt, may C shouldnt , must D cant, shouldnt3. A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do.A cant B couldnt C may not D might not4. Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course you _.A must B might C can D could5. How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only a part of the article?A can B must C need D may6. Oh, dear! What on earth _ this mean?A could B can C may D might7. Must I finish my homework today? -No, you _.A cant B neednt C mustnt D may not8. -_ I speak to Mary? -Speaking.A Must B Need C May D Shall9. This match problem is too hard. Nobody _ do it.A may not B may C cant D can10. Can you speak Japanese? -No, I _.A cant B mustnt C may not D neednt四、在空格处填入适当的词，一空一词Tom: Excuese me. _ you tell me the way to No. 3 Middle School?Wang Hai: _, Im a student there. Im going to school now. You _follow me.Tom: Thank you! Im new in No. 3 Middle School. My name is Tom. _ I know you name?W: Wang Hai. Why _ your parents send you to school for the first time?T: Well, I prefer doing things by myself. However, Im lucky today. You are so helpful. Thank you!W: Its a pleasure. We are schoolmates now. _ you please help me with my English?T: _! Im weak in Chinese, _ you teach me Chinese?W: Sure! Lets help each other.T: Good idea!W: By the way, how do you like Chinese traditional music?T: Very much! Erhu, dizi, and pipa sound really wonderful.W: There is going to _ a Chinese traditional music concert at the Capital Satdium. Ive got two tickets. Would you like to come?T: _ love to . thanks so much!W: Dont mention it!Step 4：more practiceHomework一、单项选择4. As we know, fish _ die out of water. A. may B. is going to C. can D. will5. Can you answer my question, Lily? Yes, I _. A. may B. need C. must D. can6. Excuse me, _ you tell me the way to the nearest bus station? -Sorry, I cant. Im a stranger here. A. can B. need C. must D. may10. After such a long journey, the children _ be very tired now. A. can B. must C. have to D. need11. Youve made the same mistakes again. You _ be more careful next time. A. can B. may C. had to D. should18. Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon? -Id love to. But Im afraid I _. I have too much work to do.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not19. -_ you like to go shopping with me? Yes, I _. A. Would, would B. Will, will like C. Would, would love D. Would, would love to1.Could I call you by your first name? Yes,you_.A.will B.could C.may D.might选C,为什么不可以选B或D2.You_walk for miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.A.must B.need C.may D.should选C,为什么不能选D,推测的可能性会大一些3.I wasnt sure whether I_offer to help or not.A.should B.might C.would D.needed选A 是不是因为虚拟语气?4._someone get into trouble,please dial 110.A.Should B.If C.Shall D.May选A,这种句型不太理解5.Why_it get colder when we go up a mountain?We are getting nearer to the sun!A.ought to B.would C.should D.must选C 为什么不选A1,can may 表示许可，（could是can表示“能够，有能力做某事”时候的委婉语），所以could不可以，同时might既是may的过去时，也是may的委婉语，用might回答别人，在这里不礼貌2.这题缺少上下文，所以答案不是唯一的，看个人理解，出题人出的不够严密呀3.不是虚拟语气，虚拟语气主要2种用法（1，表示与现实不符合的假设；2，在建议，请求等词之后的从句里使用）4 should可以表示“非常不可能的可能性”，并且用这个意思的时候一般倒装：Should anyone phone (ie If anyone phones), please tell them Im busy. 有人打电话来, 就说我很忙. 当然打电话110不是什么好事，说的可能性小点比较符合文法5 这里should表示“竟然” 如果是ought to 那就是理所当然拉，不需要问句形式了。只供学习与交流