小学六年级英语汇总(介词)教案资料.doc

学习资料I介词汇总1)at ,in, on, to，of, off(get off the bus), for2)above, over, on3)below, under 在下面4)in front of在前面, in the front of在的前部5) behind，at the back of 6) beside，next to, near, by(the window/ the river), at(the table)7)across, through，over8)out of, into9)betweenand fromto10)outside, inside, around11)with, without12)along沿着 Go straight along the main road.13)up, down Go up the hill.14)before, after15)during16)about, 14)like You look like your mother.15)past Its half past six.II容易混淆的介词：区别讲解例句表时间的介词at, on, inat表示“在几点几分”（单位最小）；on表示“在具体的某一天或某天上午（下午晚上等）”；in表示“在几天、周、月、年”。I get up at six oclock.It happened on a spring morning.There are seven days in a week.in the morning / evening / afternoon；at noon / night / dawn / sunrise / sunset / lunch / dinner / supper, etc.during, for, infor后加一个“表时间段的具体单位（常用复数）”；during强调“持续”或“某活动”期间；in指在一段时间内。She has lived here for six years.He was in Tianjin during the holidays.In those days he was poor.till, untiltill/until构成的短语修饰“持续性动词”，“非持续性动词”要用“否定式”。They waited till/until 10:00.They didnt leave until/till 10:00.after, since“after+时刻或时段”，“以后”，终点时间在过去或将来；而“since+时间点”，“自从以来”，终点在说话的时刻。Shell be back after eight oclock.Shes lived here since 2002.in, after“in+时段”，“以后”，用于将来时；“after+时刻或时段”，“以后”可用于将来时或过去时。Hell leave after 11:00.He left after 11:00.She left after a few hours.Shell be back in half an hour.表空间位置及方向方位的介词at, on, inat指一个“点”或“小地方”；in指一个“地区”或“大地方”空间内；on在某一平面或线上面。They arrived at the village at ten.Your pencil is in the desk.Your pencil is on the desk.on, above, overon“与物体接触”反义词为“beneath”；over“在正上方”反义为“under”；above“在的上方”反义词为“below”。Theres a book on the desk and a pen beneath the book.Theres a lamp over the desk and a bag under the table.Jacks bedroom is above mine on the second floor.over, across, throughacross“表面跨过”；through“从中间或从头至尾穿过”；over“从上空越过”。Hes swimming across the river.They walked through the gate.A plane is flying over the city.He is walking over the bridge.at, beside, by, next to, nearat靠得“最近”；beside“在并排一条线上”；by“在并排一条线上”；next to“在顺序上紧靠旁边”；near 靠得“最远”，不表明确方向或顺序。Lets meet at the school gate.The building beside the library is the shopping center.The boy standing by my side is from Shanghai.Whos sitting next to/beside Mr.Steve?about, round, around.about表示周围是随意的，不规则的；round或around(二者无多大差别)的周围则是较完整的一个圈。Dont leave the toys about the meeting-room.They are sitting round/around the table.to, for, atto “运动的方向，目的地”；for “动身出发的目的地”；at “有意攻击的目标”。Throw it to me.Hell leave for Shanghai.He threw the ball at that boy.up, downup指“往上，往北，大地方，靠拢”；down指“向下，往南，向小地方，往开走”但在一市区，去中心区用down,去郊区等用up。They are going up the hill.They are going down river.Im going down town shopping.on, in, toin表“在某地区内”；on表“接壤”；to表“在某地区以外”。Shanghai is in the south of China.Hunan lies on the north of Guangdong.Xichang lies to the south west of Chengdu.between,amongbetween指“两者之间”；among指“在三者以上之间”。Theres a river between the two villages.Theres a small house among the trees.besidesexceptexcept forexcept thatbutbut forbesides“除之外还有，”实际不排除；except“除外”表“排除”，不放在句首；except for表整体肯定补充细节，表除去整体中的一部分；except that“除了外”，后接从句；but通常与all, no, every, where, who what及有些它们的合成词连用；but for“要不是”，后面句子常用虚拟语气。I love music besides sports.The house is never used except in winter.The bus is empty except for an old woman.I dont know Peter except that hes an Japanese.Theres nothing but a chair in the room.But for your help,I wouldnt have finished my homework.表原因的介词of forfrom/out offromatof常与fond, proud, tired连用表情绪上的原因；for表奖惩痛苦出名的原因，或内在心里的原因；from/out of“出于某需要，动机，认识”等原因；from还可指自然，直接的原因；at常指感情上的原因。Im proud of having you as a friend.Hes famous for his writing.They are suffering from starvation.She fell ill from drinking unclean water.His mother is angry at his laziness.表方式的介词byon/inwithinthroughby表“用交通工具”或表“发出某动作”；on/in表用某交通工具；with用具体的“工具、材料”或伴随“抽象事物”；in用原料或语言；through通过具体过程，途径，手段，中介。I go to school by bus.I go to school on a bike.I write with a pen.Can you say it in English?You should write in ink(墨水).I learned it through a friend.1.表示地点位置的介词1)at ,in, on, to，forat (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在附近，旁边”in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在范围之内”。on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在上面”。to 表示在范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到”2)above, over, on 在上above 指在上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对；over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。on表示某物体上面并与之接触。The bird is flying above my head.There is a bridge over the river.He put his watch on the desk.3)below, under 在下面under表示在正下方below表示在下，不一定在正下方There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.4)in front frantof, in the front of在前面in front of意思是“在前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在的后面）。There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。)in the front of 意思是“在.的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of（在范围内的后部）。There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.我们的教室前边有一块黑板。Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom.我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里)5）beside，behindbeside 表示在旁边behind 表示在后面2.表示时间的介词1)in , on，at 在时in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in ones life , in ones thirties等。on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Years Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of , at the age of , at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day.2)in, after 在之后“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后；“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后；“after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。3)from, since 自从from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久；since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。since表示自（某具体时间）以来，常用作完成时态谓语的时间状语。since liberation（1980）自从解放（1980年）以来 They have been close friends since childhood他们从小就是好朋友。 （1）since the war是指自从战争结束以来，若指自从战争开始以来，须说sincethe beginning of the war。（2）不要将since与after混淆。比较：He has worked here since 1965（指一段时间，强调时间段）自从1965年以来，他一直在这儿工作。He began to work here after 1965（指一点时间，强调时间点）从1965年以后，他开始在这儿工作。4)after, behind 在之后after主要用于表示时间；behind主要用于表示位置。时间名词前介词用法口诀年前周前要用in具体日子要用on遇到几号也用on上午下午得是in要说某日上下午用on换in记清楚午夜黄昏用at黎明用它也不错at用在时分前说“差”可要用上to说过要用past3.表示运动方向的介词：across, through 通过，穿过across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关，为二维through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关，为三维。4.表示“在之间”的介词：表示“在之间”的介词在英语中属于方位介词，如in front of ，behind ，on， in， near， under， upbetween, amongbetween指在两个人或两个事物之间；among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。5.表示其他意义的介词1)on ,about 关于on 表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读；about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具by 以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；with 表示用 工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段；in 表示用方式，用语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；3)except, besides 除了except 除之外，不包括在内；besides 除之外，包括在内。Except for Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)27）near 靠近.。There are some flowers near the house.房子附近有一些花。28）of .的，属于.。This is a map of China.这是一张中国地图。29）off 离开.，在.之外。The young man got off the train quickly.那个年青人很快下了火车。I live in a village a little way off the main road.我住在离大路不远的一个村庄里。30）on 在.之上。My book is on the table.我的书在桌子上。31）out of 从.出来，在.之外。The dog run out of the house.狗从房子里跑出来。32）outside . 外边.They are waiting outside the gate.他们在门外等着。33）over 在.之上，遍于.之上，越过.。There is a light over the desk.桌子上方有盏灯。He is over sixty years old.他有六十多岁。34）past 越过.，过.，超越.。The students walked past the post office.学生们走过了邮局。It is ten past two.现在是两点十分。35）round 围着.，绕过.，在.周围。We sat round the table.我们围着桌子坐下。The earth goes round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。36）since 自. 以后，自.以来。He has made great progress in English since he came into the college.从他来到大学后，他的英语有了很大进步。37）through 经过.，穿过.。（立体层面）They went through the forest.他们穿过了森林。38）throughout 遍及.，在各处。The police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain.警察搜山寻找犯人。39）till 直到.，在.以前。He didnt come back till eleven oclock.他直到十一点钟才回来。Well be home till six.六点以前我们都会在家。40）to 到.，向.，趋于。How long is it from here to the station？从这儿到车站有多远？41）under 在.之下，低于。There are some footballs under the bed.床底下有几颗足球。These students are under seventeen years old.这些学生们不到十七岁。42）until 直到，在.以前，Please wait for us until we come back.请等着我们回来。It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics paper.直到上周，我才交了数学论文。43）up 在.上面，在.上。He went up the stairs.他上了楼梯。44）upon 在.之上，迫近.。Its not polite to look down upon him.蔑视他是不礼貌的。45）within 在.之内。You must finish the work within two weeks.你必须两周内完成这项工作。46）without 没有，不，在.之外。We cant do it better without your help.没有你的帮助，我们就做不好。We couldnt live without air and water.没有空气和水，我们就不可能生存。仅供学习与参考