现代大学英语精读4lesson3市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

优异精品课件文档资料第1页Why Historians DisagreeAllen F.Davis&Harold D.Woodman 第2页 Conflict and ConsensusRespectivelySingly in the order designated or mentioned第3页 Questions for considerationQuestions for consideration 1)What is history?The whole human past?The recorded 1)What is history?The whole human past?The recorded past?What historians write about the past?A record of past?What historians write about the past?A record of class struggles in the past?A collective human memory?A class struggles in the past?A collective human memory?A mirror to the present?A collection of interesting and mirror to the present?A collection of interesting and instructive stories?Propaganda?A totally timeless instructive stories?Propaganda?A totally timeless objective science like physics and mathematics?objective science like physics and mathematics?2)What is a historian supposed to do?What would you say 2)What is a historian supposed to do?What would you say are the most important characteristics of a good historian?are the most important characteristics of a good historian?3)Why do historians disagree?What controversies have 3)Why do historians disagree?What controversies have excited Chinese historians concerning either ancient or excited Chinese historians concerning either ancient or recent history?recent history?第4页Introduction to the TextIntroduction to the TextThis is a much condensed and adapted version of This is a much condensed and adapted version of the preface to the book called the preface to the book called Conflict and Conflict and ConsensusConsensus in in Modern American History Modern American History edited by edited by Allen F.Davis and Harold DAllen F.Davis and Harold DWoodmanWoodman，professors at Temple University and Purdue professors at Temple University and Purdue University respectivelyUniversity respectively，who also wrote the who also wrote the introduction.introduction.第5页Assumptions of New Historicism1.that there is no transhistorical or universal human essence and that human subjectivity is constructed by cultural codes which position and limit all of us in various and divided ways Historians occupy subject positions that are socially and linguistically constructed,created by various discourses of a given culture Power relations show that society controls its members through constructing and defining what appear to be universal and natural truths Any universalizing or totalizing claims are questionable.We should focus rather on the specificities of a particular historical and cultural context.第6页2.that there is no objectivity,that we experience the world in language,and that all our representations of the world,our readings of texts and of the past,are informed by our own historical position,by the values and politics that are rooted in them emphasizing the necessity for self-awareness,we must be constantly aware of the difficulties of seeing the past except through the lenses and cultural constructs of the present.第7页by way of(p1)by way of：through,by route of，e.g Taiwanese planes can now fly from the mainland to Taiwan by way of Hong Kong or Macao“By way of”can also mean“as a means of”，eg He sent her some flowers by way of an apology第8页to be immersed in：to be completely covered or submerged in a liquid；to be deeply involved or absorbed 第9页Presumably:adv.(Pa.2)probably,supposed to be true,likely by reasonable assumption although you are not certain1 It is raining heavily,which presumably means that their football match will be postponed.第10页QAll this _ that he agrees to accept our proposal.Otherwise,there would be no ground for cooperation.A.assumes B.presumes C.presupposes D.surmise第11页C Assume:主观臆断often without real proof;power or responsibility;展现出 a smile;假装 innocence;采取 a false name Presume:I to do我冒昧地，私自;推测although not certain;认定，推定，意味着An accused man is d innocent until proven guilty.Presuppose:assuming one thing is true in order to continue with what you are saying or thinking预先推测；以为先决条件Surmise:guess from the available evidence although not certain推测;猜测;疑惑第12页Turn out to be (Pa.2)prove to be;1 turn out well/fine/all right/satisfactory etc.It was a difficult time,but everything turned out all right.2 turn out to ones+n.Please make sure that all the presents will turn out to their satisfaction.3 turn out to be He turned out to be a teacher instead of a new student.4 As it turned out,第13页Contend v.(Pa.2)1 contend with/against/for:struggle,be in rivalry or competitionThey contend with each other for the top prize while getting along well.2 argue,assertHe contends at the meeting that the universe is expanding.第14页QoThis experience opened a new _ in his mind.A.perspective B.prospect C.factor D.aspect第15页Perspective:远景;a way of thinking视角,观点,想法Prospect:将要发生事,预期展望,景色,视野,（成功）可能性,（经济）前景;堪察(for)(v.)Factor:原因;Aspect:one of the parts of sths character or nature方面;建筑物方位;appearance or quality 外观,面貌B第16页Can not help but do sth(p3)ocannothelpbutdo cannotbutdo candonothingbutdo cannotdoanythingbutdo 不过：haveno choice/alternativebuttodo 第17页take sth.for granted:(Pa4)regard it as true or certain to happen 1 His parents take his success in the contest for granted.Take sb.for granted:treat his presence and actions as a due rather than a favor第18页What is history?百家讲坛 于丹 论语心得oCCTV Hundred Rostrums”is calling for an increased awareness of traditional Chinese culture.How do you comment on the craze of Chinese classics?oHow do you like Prof.Yudan?第19页oConfucianism:Confucius,Chinese philosopher whose Analects contain a collection of his sayings and dialogues compiled by disciples after his death.oTaoism:Zhuangzi and Laozi-two famous scholars of Taoism in ancient China第20页Admittedly adv.(Pa7):saying sth which weakens the importance or force of your statement He is admittedly a scholar.(without denial,by general admission)第21页Crude adj.(Pa7)1 not refined or manufactured 未提炼，粗糙crude oil crude ore2 not having grace,taste or refinement粗鄙/粗鲁crude manner3 not finished properly;badly worked out 粗制滥造，不完善第22页BThe _ parties were due,once again,to try to settle their differences.So a temporary ceasefire is ordered.A.aggressive B.belligerent C.combative D.contentiousBelligerent:hostile and aggressive好斗敌对;warring countries or groups交战国Aggressive:behaving in a forceful way because of an eager to succeed咄咄逼人Combative:aggressive and eager to fight or argueContentious:a issue causes a lot of disagreement or arguments;第23页World War I(1914-1918)oWoodrow Wilson第24页Zimmerman Note Pa 8 A coded communique from the German foreign Secretary,Arthur Zimmerman to the German minister in Mexico on Jan.19,1917,which is intercepted and decoded by British navy intelligence.第25页In that Pa.9 since,becauseThe increase of income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.第26页Take.into account/take account of.(Pa.9):note or consider;pay attention to 1 Youd better take all factors into account before making your decision.2 When seeking a job,he is likely to take account of his parents opinion.第27页Stem from(Pa.9)arise from;develop as a result of sth.else(not in continuous aspect不用进行时)1 His headaches stemmed from vision problems.2 Much of the instability stems from the economic effects of the war.第28页Concern oneself with/in/about(Pa.9)be busy with,interest oneself in1 He loves his wife,and concerns himself with her needs and desires.2 As a fan of the football player Yao Ming,he concerns himself in every account of him.To whom it may concernBe concerned for/about sb./sth.:worry,trouble,botherSo/As far as is/are concerned第29页Disproportionate adj.(Pa.10)out of proportion,relatively too large or small,etc.1 School students tend to give disproportionate time to games.2 The railway workers in New York were on strike because their pay is disproportionate to their work.第30页Be destined for sth./to do sth.(Pa.13)decoded in advance or by fate1 He was a soliders son and was destined from birth for the army.2 Deep in love as they were,they were destined never to meet again.第31页ooSummarySummaryooIt should be noted that although this essay is about why It should be noted that although this essay is about why historians differ in their opinions,actually the basic views historians differ in their opinions,actually the basic views can also be used to explain why people disagree generallycan also be used to explain why people disagree generallyAnd to understand why people disagree is the first And to understand why people disagree is the first necessary step toward learning to deal with themnecessary step toward learning to deal with themThis is This is particularly important today because We are confronted particularly important today because We are confronted with an information explosion and surrounded by people with an information explosion and surrounded by people who are trying to influence our thinking for their own selfish who are trying to influence our thinking for their own selfish reasonsreasons oo This is a piece of expository writing.The language used is This is a piece of expository writing.The language used is a little formala little formal，with impersonal structureswith impersonal structures，long sentences long sentences and formal wordsand formal words，which are typical of academic writingwhich are typical of academic writing 第32页TEM 4 1998oIt is now generally accepted that vehicles(cars,trucks,etc.)are a major source of air pollution in cities.You are to suggest only ONE way to solve the problem.oWrite on answer sheet a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:oONE WAY TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM第33页oPro-BritishoGarrisonoArtifactoBelligerentoHaberdasheroFoolproofoInterceptionoDiametrically第34页oCut-and-driedoExhilaratingoDisproportionateoDeemoValidityoSubmarineoPremiseoproximate第35页