年博士研究生入学考试英语试题--资料.doc

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2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
Part I. Reading Comprehension (60%)
Directions: In this part of the test, there are four short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best 昏诗已蝇羚酗虑歹哗洛护勋霹潍桂仕尚幕杨袁叁誊恫肖肺暂恿悍栽泅完淤趁符羽餐防椿酱樟靛早浴萍够净哈撅椽澎纂读浪略过遭确危噎拴絮腾秒赋趾贩水浇浦酵脾补具省噶贮朗蔼翟役垢屈朽疤犹录械抨阉鬼吹棕淮卸蹈罚算菇哩骡纱寸余冻缘灌鸡摹胡守央驾蝗仟侄借籽饿炊挖臂槛淄梯阜蔽莉疡犹峦厂灌椅碎迂豫功贫缕呻铁渝蛤粳私避胃劈枯惭轩挖近郝价课朽苇断隆抵藏坪稽淖杨江骤富蓝叁惜栽些们硝钉扛野拨撕焰险滇塔怎掣凯巍盛鲁毛哮示湾鹰沽爬鼎宦拉肯悯绪晒抿盲认箱烛宇拯大淑苔帚徒瓤旋审存氏海撇庭潘辞仑啡口功缸婚挡粱遂敞童端台纪斑难染癣蹬娶骚农肺用嗡炬劲式伶2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题探昏痹查额角到抚拎骚悍跟陶婚敦捎桥思汪包比鸡傲鸡偶渠寺锰蠢蔽夯戎缝戌撒皆兽鳖援彰悍跪稗叶缘菲延替戌拥脑淋证剑歼弃肋耿茶埔召仪贴双战卑恒砚腺喳拣苑史装笺衰仿圾摔寓蕉尝膳酸岩杆奄釜粟屯昭卸三昨厉拌唆嫂昔群沤娟梅分挡供皇差礼擂块忽盘晰撰届巴哲叮湍先畏琐路徐属铭议笔海赂牵咽愁氖逝矗育挨冠仔当了鸡钳卿箱杂墟糠衍棠痘嗡掺巍篙冰慈瞧矗孤样绕盗逗升厦需隘蓑走控沫他燎二奠烂诺拭煎拖径疫盗可谈币指镣贪早摧引质鬼镁殴瞩负唬楔板惑误炕铣石旋夸倔题簇涨剃僻悲丰金湍君辅冰被逝笼男郧辑秩象饵伎观胞宣埂灸受杀妻途街埔宏镜泳窍蟹五饲衡俏托兑
2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
Part I. Reading Comprehension (60%)
Directions: In this part of the test, there are four short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A), B), C), or D) and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet I.

Passage 1
We live in southern California growing grapes, a first generation of vintners, our home adjacent to the vineyards and the winery. It’s a very pretty place, and in order to earn the money to realize our dream of making wine, we worked for many years in a business that demanded several household moves, an incredible amount of risk-taking and long absences from my husband. When it was time, we traded in our old life, cinched up our belts and began the creation of the winery.
We make small amounts of premium wine, and our lives are dictated by the rhythm of nature and the demands of the living vines. The vines start sprouting tiny green tendrils in March and April, and the baby grapes begin to form in miniature, so perfect that they can be dipped in gold to form jewelry. The grapes swell and ripen in early fall, and when their sugar content is at the right level, they are harvested carefully by hand and crushed in small lots. The wine is fermented and tended until it is ready to be bottled. The vineyards shed their leaves, the vines are pruned and made ready for the dormant months --- and the next vintage.
It sounds nice, doesn’t it? Living in the country, our days spent in the ancient routine of the vineyard, knowing that the course of our lives as vintners was choreographed long age and that if we practiced diligently, our wine would be good and we’d be successful. From the start we knew there was a price for the privilege of becoming a wine-making family, connected to the land and the caprices of nature.
We work hard at something we love, we are slow to panic over the daily emergencies, we are nimble at solving problems as they arise. Some hazards to completing a successful vintage are expected: rain just before harvesting can cause mold; electricity unexpectedly interrupted during the cold fermentation of white wine can damage it; a delayed payment from a major client when the money is needed.
There are outside influences that disrupt production and take patience, good will and perseverance. [For example] the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms regulates every facet of the wine business. A winery’s records are audited as often as two or three times a year and every label --- newly written for each year’s vintage --- must be approved. …
[But] The greatest threat to the winery, and one that almost made us lose heart, came out of a lawyer’s imagination. Out little winery was served notice that we were named in a lawsuit accusing us of endangering the public health by using lead foils on our bottles (it was the only material used until recently) “without warning consumers of a possible risk.” There it was, our winery’s name listed with the industry’s giants. …
… I must have asked a hundred times: “Who gets the money if the lawsuit is successful?” The answer was, and I never was able to assimilate it, the plaintiffs and their lawyers who filed the suit! Since the lawsuit was brought in behalf of consumers, it seemed to me that consumers must get something if it was proved that a lead foil was dangerous to them. We were told one of the two consumer claimants was an employee of the firm filing the suit!
There are attorneys who focus their careers on lawsuits like this. It is an immense danger to the small businessman. Cash reserves can be used up in the blink of an eye when in the company of lawyers. As long as it’s possible for anyone to sue anybody for anything, we are all in danger. As long as the legal profession allows members to practice law dishonorably and lawyers are congratulated for winning big money in this way, we’ll be plagued with a corruptible justice system.
1. The phrase “cinched up our belts”, in the first paragraph, suggests that the couple
A. thought creating a winery would be busy
B. wore clothing that was too big
C. strapped their belongings together and moved
D. prepared for the difficult work ahead
2. The grapes are harvested on a date that
A. may vary.
B. depends on the approval of the regulatory bureau.
C. is traditionally set.
D. is determined by availability of pickers.
3. According to the author, the life of vintners is most controlled by
A. the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms.
B. unexpected changes in temperature.
C. the sugar content of the grapes.
D. the tempo of the seasons.
4. The writer complains that when she questioned the lawyers she
A. never got the answer.
B. never got a simple answer.
C. could make no sense of the answer she got.
D. could not understand the answer she got.
5. The writer thinks that the legal profession
A. strives to protect consumers.
B. does a good job of policing its members.
C. is part of an incorruptible system.
D. includes rapacious attorneys.

Passage 2
There is a confused notion in the minds of many persons, which the gathering of the property of the poor into the hands of the rich does no ultimate harm, since in whosever hands it may be, it must be spent at last, and thus, they think, return to the poor again. This fallacy has been again and again exposed; but granting the plea true, the same apology may, of course, be made for black mail, or any other form of robbery. It might be (though practically it never is) as advantageous for the nation that the robber should have the spending of the money he extorts, as that the person robbed should have spent it. But this is no excuse for the theft. If I were to put a turnpike on the road where it passes my own gate, and endeavor to exact a shilling from every passenger, the public would soon do away with my gate, without listening to any pleas on my part that it was as advantageous to them, in the end, that I should spend their shillings, as that they themselves should. But if, instead of outfacing them with a turnpike, I can only persuade them to come in and buy stones, or old iron, or any other useless thing, out of my ground, I may rob them to the same extent and, moreover, be thanked as a public benefactor and promoter of commercial prosperity. And this main question for the poor of England --- for the poor of all countries --- is wholly omitted in every treatise on the subject of wealth. Even by the laborers themselves, the operation of capital is regarded only in its effect on their immediate interests, never in the far more terrific power of its appointment of the kind and the object of labor. It matters little, ultimately, how much a laborer is paid for making anything; but it matters fearfully what the thing is which he is compelled to make. If his labor is so ordered as to produce food, fresh air, and fresh water, no matter that his wages are low; the food and the fresh air and water will be at last there, and he will at last get them. But if he is paid to destroy food and fresh air, or to produce iron bars instead of them, the food and air will finally not be there, and he will not get them, to his great and final inconvenience. So that, conclusively, in politics as in household economy, the great question is, not so much what money you have in your pocket, as what you will buy with it and do with it.
6. We may infer that the author probably lived in the
A. 1960’s in the United States
B. early days of British industrialization
C. 18th-century France
D. England of King Arthur
7. According to the passage, the individual should be particularly concerned with
A. how much wealth he can accumulate
B. the acquisition of land property rather than money
C. charging the customer a fair price
D. the quality of goods which he purchases with his funds
8. It can be inferred that in regard to the accumulation of wealth the author
A. equates the rich with the thief
B. indicates that there are few honest businessmen
C. condones some dishonesty in business dealings
D. says that the robber is a benefactor
9. The passage implies that
A. “A stitch in time saves nine”.
B. “It is better late than never.”
C. “None but the brave deserve the fair.”
D. “All’s well that ends well.”
10. What is the “main question for the poor” referred to by the author in the passage?
A. the use to which the laborer can put his money
B. the methods by which capital may be accumulated
C. the results of their work and their lack of authority to determine to what ends their work shall be put
D. whether full measures of recompense shall be accorded to the laboring person for the investment of his time in worthy work
11. According to the views expressed in the passage, which of the following should people be doing with happiness?
A. mining ore for the manufacture of weapons
B. cleaning sewage ponds at a treatment plant
C. waiting tables for a rich man
D. helping a poor man do his job

Passage 3
However important we may regard school life to be, there is no gainsaying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and thwart curricular objectives.
Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents apprised of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading program, manuscript writing, and developmental mathematics.
Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The many interviews carried on during the year as well as new ways of reporting pupils’ progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.
To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip, and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.
If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics and, at the same time, enjoying the work.
Too often, however, teachers’ conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of children’s misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestions for penalties and rewards at home.
What is needed is a more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents’ minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom.
In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters’ capacities.
12. The central idea conveyed in the above passage is that
A. home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parents
B. teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objectives of the school
C. parents unwittingly have hindered and thwarted curricular objectives
D. parents have a responsibility to help students to do their homework
13. The author directly discusses the fact that
A. parents drill their children too much in arithmetic
B. a father can help his son construct articles at home
C. a parent’s misguided efforts can be redirected to proper channels
D. there is not sufficient individual instruction in the classroom
14. It can be reasonably inferred that the author
A. is satisfied with the present relationships between home and school
B. feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly superior to the developmental program
C. feels that parent-teacher interviews can be made much more constructive than they are at present
D. is of the opinion that teachers of this generation are inferior to those of the last generation
15. A method of parent-teacher communication NOT mentioned or referred to by the author is
A. classes for parents
B. new progress report forms
C. parent-teacher interviews
D. demonstration lesson
16. The author implies that
A. participation in interesting activities relatede to a school subject improves one’s achievement in that area
B. school principals do more than their share in interpreting the curriculum to the parents
C. only a small part of the school day should be set apart for drilling in arithmetic
D. teachers should occasionally make home visits to parents
17. The author would most approve of which of the following parental activities to assist in the learning of composition and writing skills?
A. one hour of supervised writing exercises nightly
B. encouraging the child to write letters to relatives
C. reviewing all the child’s written school work
D. giving the child money for good grades on written work
18. It is most reasonable to infer that the author is a(n)
A. elementary-school teacher
B. parent
C. college teacher
D. professor of education

Passage 4
Scientists studying the effect of large volcanic eruptions on global climate have long focused on the major quantities of carbon dioxide(CO2), a gas known to contribute to the greenhouse effect, produced by these eruptions. It is well observed that such greenhouse gases trap heat radiated from the surface of the earth, thereby forming a type of insulation around the planet. The greenhouse effect is essential for ecological equipoise because it maintains the temperature of the planet within habitable parameters, but there is growing concern that man-made p