【2022走向高考】高三英语一轮(外研版)复习：语法专项突破5.docx

其次部分　语法专项突破(五)
真题改编，语法填空
1．(2022·浙江·3改编)An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making ________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
答案：it　句意：加利福尼亚去年的平均降水量为18.75厘米，这使得去年成为自1850年建州以来最干旱的一年。这里用it来指代上句提到的last year。
2．(2022·福建·21改编)In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in ________， knives and forks.
答案：others　句意：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，然而在另一些国家，人们用刀叉。由句中关键词in some countries，再结合固定搭配some...others可知答案。
3．(2022·安徽·24改编)You can ask anyone for help. ________ here is willing to lend you a hand.
答案：Everyone　句意：你可以找任何人帮忙，这儿的每个人都情愿帮你。依据第一句的示意可知，说话人告知对方这儿的“每个人”都情愿帮他，用everyone表示“每个人”。
4．(2022·重庆·1改编)A smile costs ________， but gives much.
答案：nothing　句意：微笑不需要付出什么，但却可以赐予很多。由句中转折词but及“give much”可知应用nothing。
5．(2022·四川·1改编)She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge.
答案：neither　句意：她曾经住在伦敦和曼彻斯特，但是她一个也不宠爱，就搬到了剑桥。由句意可知，此处用neither表示“两者都不”。
6．(2022·江西·32改编)—When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?
—________. I'll be in all day.
答案：Either　句意：——“我什么时候可以打电话过来，上午还是下午？”——“(上午或下午)都可以。我一成天都在家。”either“两者中的任何一个(都可)”，符合题意。
7．(2022·江苏·34改编)Good families are much to all their members, but ________ to none.
答案：everything　句意：优秀的家庭对她的成员来说意味着很多，但是并不意味着一切。题干中的none表示“全无，没有一点儿”，和everything连用构成部分否定，意为“并不是全部”，符合题意。
8．(2021·江西改编)________ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.
答案：Nobody　考查代词词义。句意：一个人假如不宠爱一件事的话，他不行能娴熟操作该事40年。此处用nobody表示全部否定。
9．(2021·安徽改编)The project requires close teamwork. ________ will be achieved unless we work well together.
答案：Nothing　本题考查代词。句意：这一方案要求亲热的团队合作。除非我们一起好好工作，否则什么也完不成。nothing“没有什么东西”。由句意可知nothing符合句意。
10．(2021·重庆改编)Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ________.
答案：another　本题考查代词。句意：循环利用是疼惜环境的一种方式，重新使用是另外一种。another“另一个”，指“三者或者三者以上当中另外一个”。“循环利用”和“再使用”都是疼惜环境的方法，而且，方法还有很多，因此，此处表示三者或三者以上中的另一个，故用another。
11．(2021·四川改编)The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ________ on the small ones.
答案：that　that指代上文中毁灭的不行数名词或单数可数名词，表特指，其后有修饰语限制。题干的意思是：主街上交通灯的绿灯指示时间比小街上的绿灯指示时间长。由句子结构和句意可知，空格处应用that替代上文中毁灭的不行数名词traffic。
12．(2021·辽宁改编)To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ________ of her colleagues.
答案：that　考查代词的用法。句意：让德拉兴奋的是，她先是赢得了同学的信任，然后又赢得了同事的信任。that代指上文的不行数名词the trust。
13．(2021·浙江改编)Half of ________ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.
答案：those　本题考查代词的用法。句意：在那些16个国家的被调查者中有一半说他们首先要去找他们最亲热的伴侣去共享他们最深刻的愿望和最隐秘的恐惊。分析结构可知，此处要用代词指代那些被调查者。此处为特指，用those相当于the ones。
14．(2021·石家庄高中复习教学质量检测改编)Seeing a large crowd at the street corner, I became aware of ________ unusual happening.
答案：something　句意：看到街道的拐角处有一大群人，我意识到某些不寻常的事情发生了。unusual作后置定语修饰something，表示“某些不寻常的事情”，符合句意。
15．(2021·辽宁大连高三双基测试改编)—Excuse me, I want to have my car repaired, but I can't find a garage.
—I know where ________ is. Come on. I'll show you.
答案：one　句意：——“劳驾，我想修车，但是我找不到修车厂。”——“我知道一家修车厂。来吧，我给你指路。”one为同名同物表泛指，符合题意。
16．(2021·东北三省四市教研联合体高考模拟改编)Tom told me that he needed a chair and that soon he found ________.
答案：one　句意：汤姆告知我他需要一把椅子，很快他就找到了一把。依据前面的a chair可知，此处表示泛指，故用one。
17．(2021·山西高三四校第三次联考改编)—What do you think of the furniture on exhibition?
—Well, great! But I don't think much of ________ you bought.
答案：that　空处替代不行数名词furniture，且有后置定语you bought修饰，因此用that。
18．(2021·郑州毕业班质量猜想改编)The notes for vocabulary are very exact, which could help readers to break the language ________ directly and effectively.
答案：barrier　句意：词汇的注释格外精确     ，能够直接有效地挂念读者打破语言障碍。barrier“障碍”。依据句意可知barrier正确。
19．(2021·江西重点中学盟校高三联考改编)It was said that the government would consider lifting a ________ on immigration from other countries into the States, which launched a heated debate on the issue.(restrict)
答案：restriction　句意：据说美国政府将考虑解除其他国家的人移民到本国的限制，这个问题引起了激烈的争辩。restriction为restrict的名词形式，意义为“限制，约束”。
20．(2021·云南毕业班质检改编)After further studying those fossils, Dubois, a Swiss scientist, announced with ______ that the socalled “Java Man” was merely an extinct monkey.(certain)
答案：certainty　句意：在进一步争辩了那些化石之后，一位瑞士科学家Dubois确定地宣布，所谓的“爪哇猿人”仅仅是一种灭亡的猴子。certainty“确定，的确”，符合句意。
21．(2022·福建·26改编)—Could you tell me the ________ of making such tasty cakes?
—Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.
答案：trick　句意：——“你能告知我做这种美味的蛋糕的窍门吗？”——“哦，我只是依据厨艺书里的说明做的。”
22．(2022·安徽·29改编)—Why not buy a second­hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?
—That's a good ________.
答案：suggestion　句意：——“假如你没有足够的钱买新车，为什么不买一辆二手的呢？”——“是个好建议。”依据语境可知，前者是在给对方提“建议”。
23．(2022·湖北·21改编)Her ________(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.
答案：motivation　句意：她写作的动力就是她为妇女争取接受高等训练权利的猛烈欲望。依据句意可知应用motivation表示“动机；目的”。
24．(2022·湖北·22改编)When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now，” Joan's face turned red at the unexpected ________.
答案：compliment　句意：理查德说：“你现在更可爱，更秀丽了”。听到这意外的赞美，琼的脸变得绯红。依据句意，这里用compliment表示“赞美”。
25．(2022·天津·3改编)Wind is now the world's fastest growing ________ of power.
答案：source　句意：风现在是世界上进展最快的电力资源。source“资源”，符合句意。