高考英语热点复习——书面表达.doc

2009年高考英语热点复习书面表达考情动态分析书面表达（高考25分）宗旨是测试考生的英语表达能力，看其是否能够运用学过的知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流。他不仅能测试出考生的词汇量、语法、书法等方面的能力，更能测试出考生组织文章、输出所学知识的表达能力。 从历年来的高考试卷来看，书面表达是指导（限制）性的写作：即按照题目（或一段文字或及幅图画）所给的条件、内容、要求、时间、地点、在限制的字数（100个词左右）内，去完成写作。它不同与其他命题写作文，可以随意发挥，也不是简单的翻译，而必须做到行文切题，紧扣中心思想，不漏要点，符合语法，并且意思连贯，文理通顺，语言准确得当。 一、书面表达解题方法与技巧：认真审题，理解题意 首先要看准文章的写作体裁，其次,才能定时态、定人称、定格式(因为不同的文体的格式不同)，然后再考虑语言，语气的运用。一般的记叙文，说明文，议论文等多用书面语；而应用文，如书信，口头通知，便条等多用口头语。记叙文、日记等一般可用过去时，而说明文、通知等一般要用一般现在时或将来时。 如果是看图写文，看懂每幅图之间的联系至关重要。 写要点。据每幅图写出一至两句话。因为每年高考书面表达一般控制在10句话，120个词左右。 连句成文。每句话写好后，用适当的连词连接起来，使之上下连贯，呼应，通顺，简洁。 查错漏。完稿后，检查一下有没有时态，语态，拼写错误并逐一加以改正。书写规范 卷面干静 任何一种形式的书面文字材料，都要求书写规范，拼写准确无误，字迹清晰，按书写规则大小写及移行正确。且记不要有铁丝网、地雷、篱笆之类的东西，卷面一定要讲究干净（不要用铅笔答题，要用圆珠笔、钢笔）。不同的书面表达形式有不同的格式，如书信、日记、通知等各有其特殊形式，都要按要求书写规范。 书写时除了注意移行规则外，还应注意字母写得圆滑饱满，有15%左右的倾斜度，每行写10个单词左右，词与词的距离要小、行与行的距离稍大些，写10行左右，这样字段既符合要求，也显得短小精悍。同时，还要注意文章的开头和结尾写好，要用最流行、最回味的语言和语句去写，这样更会得到评卷老师的好感。只有这样您才会得到满意而有理想的高分。 总之,书面表达必须在所提示的范围内,根据不同文体的特点和要求来解题,努力做到:要点全,句子通,条理清.指代明确,时态呼应,格式标准,书写工整,卷面干净.当然”冰冻三尺,非一日之寒”.因此,要写好书面表达,除了掌握一定的写作方法及技巧,还要特别注意平时知识的日益积累.因此.平时要多读,多写,多记一些句型并掌握词汇的用法,多背一些优美的句子及范文.只有具备了一定语言基础知识和语言组织能力,积累大量的语言材料,再加上平时的强化训练,同学们的写作水平就一定会大大地提高,在高考中就一定会写出更好的文章来。 为了帮助同学们在平时写作练习的时候时刻牢记这些写作的基本要领，特编顺口溜如下：细审题，巧构思，列要点，防遗漏。写日记，同汉语；书信，通知格式要牢记。看清图表细梳理，写人记事按顺序；完稿后查遗漏，整洁干净莫忘记。 二、高考英语书面表达高分策略：从遣词，造句，谋篇三个方面分析。 遣词的原则：使用高等级词汇及短语, 如果仅仅记住几个简单基础的词汇,而且一味的重复低水平的英语知识点,还远远没有达到大学的入学要求。这就要求考生在平时的训练和考试当中，有意识的强化“复杂，高级”这两个概念，使自己的作文能力区别于普通学生的作文，使自己一下子就站在一个比别人高的位置上，充分显示自己的实力。 平时学习过程中注意总结各种各样的词汇。以描述人物的词汇为例： 表达人物爱憎感情： like, love, be interested in, be fond of hate, dislike, be tired of, lose interest in happy, excited, pleased, satisfied, angry, sad, worried, disappointed, terrified, mad, frightened 介绍人物的影响及人们对人的评价： He became famous for his new theory. The people had come to love him as an inspiring leader. We regard Li Fei as our model. Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit. People spoke highly of him and all respected him. 常见描述人物性格，外貌和身体状况等的词语 good-looking /funny-looking /strong-looking /ugly-looking /dirty-looking /ordinary-looking /blue-eyed /white-eyed /warm-hearted /light-hearted /kind-hearted /near-sighted /far-sighted /foolish /stupid /silly /clever /smart /wise /bright / diligent /intelligent /lazy /hard working, etc. 造句的原则：句式多变，语法活用，句子是表达一个完整意思的最小当位，所以造句能力在英文写作中是非常重要的。好的英语句子能够生动，形象，准确的表达内容。所以要想写出漂亮的书面表达，必须从写好句子开始。 英语基本句型及造句: 主语+谓语+状语(介词,名词短语或从句) The sun rises up in the east and sets in the west. We get up early every morning. The meeting lasted 2 hours. 主语+不及物动词+副词 This kind of wine drinks well and sells well. The suit wears well. Glass breaks easily. 主语+谓语+介词+宾语 We all agreed on the terms. He hates to argue with his wife about such small matters. All these things are to be answered for. 主语+系动词+形容词 Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. He was so tired that he fell asleep the moment he went to bed. Your explanation sounds reasonable. 主语+谓语+直接宾语 I want your promise. Have your fixed my watch? This factory produces 1000 cars a week. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 He paid me a visit yesterday. He owed me 50 yuan. He wrote his family a letter yesterday. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (to do) I will get someone to repair the recorder for you. I didnt mean to hurt you. He invited me to teach at a well-known university. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (do) I often hear her sing the song. The boss made workers work 15 hours a day. Dont forget to have him come. 主语+谓语+现在分词 I heard her singing in the next room. We could feel our heats beating fast. Did you observe the birds flying around the trees? 主语+谓语+过去分词 I must have my watch repaired. We must get he task finished on time. Speak louder to make yourself understood by everybody. 主语+谓语+宾语(动名词) I suggested putting off the meeting. They all avoided mentioning the matter. We cant help laughing at the news. 主语+谓语+宾语(不定式) I cant afford to buy such a large house. Dont pretend to know what you dont. He feared to speak in her presence. 主语+谓语+宾语(名词/代词)+介词+宾语 Nothing can prevent us from going forward. Thank you for your help. He demanded an answer from me. 练习写好句子的方法一：合并句子 It was early in the morning. Mr. Smith was in his garden. He was watering flowers. Early in the morning, Mr. Smith was watering flowers in his garden. A girl was crossing a road. The girl was pretty. The road was wide. A pretty girl was crossing a wide road. 写好句子的方法二：改写句子 1) Mr. Green is a tall man, who wears a pair of thick glasses. (改成介词短语做伴随状语) 1) The book cost me 300 yuan. Mr. Green is a tall man with a pair of thick glasses. 2) The ice on the lake is too thin for us to skate on. (使用sothat结构改写句子) The ice on the lake is so thin that we cant skate on it. 练习方法三：一句多译 这本书花了我300元。 I spent 300 yuan on the book. I paid 300 yuan for the book. The price of the book is 300 yuan. It cost me 300 yuan to buy the book. 我不懂什么英语，李明也不懂。 I dont know any English, nor does Li Ming. I hardly know any English, nor does Li Ming. I hardly know any English, neither does Li Ming. I hardly know any English, no more does Li Ming. I hardly know any English, so it is with Li Ming. I know no more English than Li Ming does. I know as little English as Li Ming does. 一到家，我就把所见到的一切都记了下来。 On/Upon arriving home, I wrote down everything I had seen. As soon as I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen. The moment I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen. The instant I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen. No sooner had I arrived home than I wrote down everything I had seen. 昨天下午他才来。 He came here yesterday afternoon. He didnt come here until yesterday afternoon. Not until yesterday afternoon did he come here. It was yesterday afternoon that he arrived here. It was not until yesterday afternoon that he came here. 谋篇的原则： 满分作文都有个共性就是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。文章的连贯性和紧凑感是很重要的。句子作为最小的表达意思的语言当位如果只是被随意的整合，是无法达到有效表达的目的。 常见的句子之间的连接手段有： 使用代词指代上一句中的名词 重复使用上一句中的词 使用连接词 使用平行结构 高考大纲中常用的连接词: 表并列补充关系的: what is more, besides, also, as well, moreover, furthermore, in addition, 表转折对比关系的: but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, in contrast to, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not onlybut also, herethere, years agotoday, thisthat, the formerthe latter, thennow, the firstwhereas the second, oncenow, on the one handon the other hand, someothers, 表因果关系的: since, as, because (of), for, so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, 表条件关系的: if, on the condition (that), as long as, unless, or else, 表时间关系的: when, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning/year/century, after an interval, now, after, presently, later, afterward, somewhat later, finally, at last, all of a sudden, 表特定的顺序关系: above all, first of all, firstly, first, secondly, the , next, finally, in the end, at last, 表换一种方式表达: in other words, that is to say, to put it another way, 表进行举例说明: for instance, for example, like, such as, 表陈述事实: in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth 表总结: on the whole, in short, all in all, general, in a word, in conclusion, in closing, in summary. 等等。还有分词短语、复合句等。特别要注意谓语用什么基本时态以及前后的时态呼应，注意句子与句子之间的有机联系，段落与段落之间的自然过渡。这样既能显示出你的高中水平，又能使文章层次清楚，文理通顺、结构严密紧凑，衔接自然。这样只要要点全，准确无误，语句通顺流畅那就是高水平、高档次的作文。 提升训练1下表是你根据平时了解所得到的中国高三学生选择高考志愿的信息。请你根据该表用英语写一篇简要介绍，向编辑部反映该情况。 注意： 1文章的开头已为你写好。 2词数：100词左右。 Chinese senior middle school graduates have different opinions on how to choose their courses and universities. 2. 假定你叫张华，你的同学李明即将去上海学习。现由你写一封便函给你们的朋友Jim，约他聚会。内容要点如下：（1）.聚会时间：本星期五下午3点30分；（2）.聚会地点：东风路225号，李明家。（3）.按下图所画路线告诉Jim怎样去李明家。注意：（1）便函用英语写，并注明便函的时间：2007年4月9日；（2）内容包括说明部分和要点；（3）字数：80120。 3. 假如你是北京一中的学生，名叫李磊，想要参加北京大厦的招聘工作，现请你按下列内容填一份履历表，并给公司经理写信谋职，向他介绍如下情况：1)1985年5月1日生于北京。现住在东直门大街5号。2)今年7月将要高中毕业，学习英语6年。3)对英语感兴趣，尤其擅长口语和打字，一分钟能打100个字符。4)能熟练掌握电脑操作技术，会编程，能上网。要求：1).内容要连贯、完整。2)叙述必须用第一人称。3)字数:120左右。NameNationalityDate of BirthPlace of BirthPresent AddressSchool4请你根据下面提示写一则口头通知：1).9月23日在你班教室进行一场辩论会。( a debate)2).话题：中学生上网是利大于弊，还是弊大于利。3).欢迎感兴趣的同学去听，并可在会上阐述自己的观点。5学校微机室决定对学生开放，请根据下列内容写一则通知：1）.微机室开放时间，每天下午3：306：30，星期日除外。2）.学生凭学生证（student card），上机操作。3）.爱护设备，如有损坏，须照价赔偿。4）.遵守微机室规章制度，文明上网，不大声喧哗。微机室2003316. 最近你校学生反映目前学生学习负担过重，校长想了解一下情况，请你根据下表所列信息给校长写一封信，提出一些建议：你叫李华。在校在家建议早晨7：30上学下午6：30放学有许多作业要做，每天34小时让老师少留一点作业每天仅有一小时活动时间几乎没时间看电视让学生有充足的时间锻炼身体考试压力大家长期望高不要把成绩看得太重要，让学生发展自己的兴趣爱好。7、书面表达（35分）提示：一组英国中学生来你校访问，校长交给你一份时间表，请你用英语向中学生讲清楚他们在京逗留期间（共三天）的活动安排。时间活动项目有关内容星期一 上午：校长接见 介绍学校情况下午：参观实验室和图书馆 星期二 上午：两国学生共同游览长城 张老师向学生讲述有关长城趣闻下午：在402室举行联欢会 星期三 上午：两国学生举行座谈会 下午：945乘车去西安8、提示：(1) 不少学生可能抽烟，学生中抽烟的人数还在增多。(2) 一份调查报告透露，某校有五分之二以上的学生抽烟，有些学生甚至偷了钱买烟。(3) 对中学生来说，抽烟的危害比成年人更大。抽烟不仅有害于身体，还有害于思想。(4) 中学生是国家未来的建设者。抽烟的学生该下决心戒烟了。请根据上面的提示，写一篇题为“Give Up Smoking”的短文，字数约120个。9、请根据下列提示，写一篇题为“我们的英语教师”的和短文，字数在120个左右。提示：(1) 你们老师是位中年妇女。她教书二十多年，工作一贯认真，多次被评为模范教师。(2) 她对你们既严又亲，经常鼓励你们多说多读。(3) 她上课生动有趣，常给你们放幻灯，教你们唱英语歌，还辅导你们排演英语短剧。(4) 她热爱你们，总是乐于帮助你们。她真是值得你们敬爱的好老师。10.请根据下列提示，以“Road Safety”为题，写一篇短文。（字数：120150)提示：每年有不少人在交通事故中伤亡。为使交通安全，要牢记如下交通规则：(1) 骑车要靠右行；(2) 遇见红灯时不能向左拐或横穿马路；(3) 转弯或停车时要打手势；(4) 穿过马路，要做到一停二看三通过；(5) 要帮助老人或孩子安全穿过马路；(6) 要教育小孩不要在马路上玩耍或骑车。11. 以The Value of Time为题目写一篇短文。 提示：1、时间比金钱更重要、宝贵，要珍惜时间。 2、时间对每个人来说是有限的，应充分利用大好时光为国家效力。 3、指出有些人没有认识时间的价值。 4、养成良好的节约时间的好习惯，今日事今日毕。 12.根据提示写一封感谢信。 假定你叫李伟，是北京二中高一学生。前些天你叔叔来信祝贺你的生日，并寄给你一本英汉词典作为生日礼物，为此你给他写一封信表示感谢，并告诉他最近你在市英语口语竞赛中获一等奖。写信日期为2000年6月8日。 13. 校刊“英语园地”为配合学校创建“绿色学校”的工作，开展了“创建绿色学校英语征文活动”，请根据下列提示用英文写下篇征文稿。内容要求如下：存在现象1.浪费水、电2.乱扔可回收的饮料瓶、旧书本等3. .个人看法和建议1. 对学生进行环保教育2. 从关灯、固收废物等小事做起3. .注意：1. 词数80120词左右。 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3. 文一章的开头己给出。The Green School Project has become part of the environmental education in our school. However, there are still a lot of problem in the school.14.假如你是高中三年级的学生李明，你在学校里组织了一项“有烦恼向谁说”的调查活动。请用英语给校刊编辑写一封信，反映调查情况。内容包括：调查结果（如图所示）、持相应想法的理由以及你对调查结果的看法。 注意：1信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 2词数100左右。Dear Editor,I am a Senior Three studentRecently we have carried out a survey “To whom do you go when in trouble?” The results are as follows._ Yours sincerely,Li Ming15. 请用英语写一篇短文介绍下列保健常识： 1、我们要时刻注意预防疾病。如果你得病了，请及时治疗，千万不要传染开来。 2、日常生活中，不要喝未烧开的水，不干净的水很容易使人生病。 3、外出吃饭，不要吃久存于外面的食物，还要确信碗、勺等洗干净了。 字数100左右。 16.假如你是马鑫，你校高三同学正在开展一场讨论，讨论主题是：高三学生要不要参加体育锻炼？请你根据下表所提供的信息，给校长写一封信，介绍讨论情况。注意：1信的开头已为你写好。60%的学生认为30%的学生认为1应该每天进行体育锻炼。2可以做早操，打乒乓球，打篮球，但不要时间太长3锻炼能增强体质，减少疾病。4运动使大脑休息，使复习效果更好1锻炼浪费时间。2锻炼使人疲劳。3运动以后很兴奋，较长时间不能复习功课。4运动中可能会受伤。2词数：100左右。Dear headmaster ,Im writing to tell you about a discussion weve had about whether students of Senior 3 should take physical exercise . Yours sincerely Ma Xin 17.明天是期中考试的最后一天，上午考完英语后，学生会将组织同学们去爬紫金山。请你将此事用便条的方式通知你校的外籍学生。要求全文包括以下内容： 1. 争取考好英语。 2. 十点整排队，步行到紫金山（the Purple Mountain）山脚。 3. 穿运动鞋，带好食物和水。 4. 要互相帮助，特别注意安全，不能擅自离队。 5. 在山顶，班级合影留念。 6. 下山后，可步行或乘车回家。 注意：1. 词数100个左右。 2. 开头和结尾已为你写好。 Boys and girls, _ Thats all. Thank you. 18.假如读者杂志举办中学生一日行征文活动，请写一篇英语日记参加这项活动。包括如下要点：1时间：2006年4月9日，星期日。2为了能在大明湖上荡舟，你和同学们清早到了大明湖公园。3后来在湖边拾到一个皮包（leather bag），内有照相机、护照以及一大笔钱。4在警察的帮助下，用了三个小时你找到了失主，一个外国朋友（Mr. Woodhead）。5外国朋友很感激。能帮助别人，你们也非常高兴。 要求：词数100左右。19.人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。赞成的理由反对的理由你的看法1. 广交朋友2. 可自由表达思想3. 利于外语学习1. 浪费时间2. 影响学习3. 可能上当受骗？注意：1. 文章必须包括表中的全部内容。2. 词数为100左右。3. 参考词汇： 网络朋友on-line friend(s)，上当受骗to be cheated 20.某英文报“健康生活”栏目正在讨论有关健康食品、体育锻炼与少年儿童肥胖的问题。下面六幅图画是李明一年中的变化，请根据李明的情况写一篇短文。注意：1词数不少于60。2短文的开头已给出。提示词语：junk food好吃但不利于健康的食品snacks各种零食 A healthy diet and regular exercise may help to prevent obesity(肥胖) among children. Take Li Ming for example.Li Ming used to be a healthy boy, but 参考范文1Chinese senior middle school graduates have different opinions on how to choose their courses and universities. A survey has been done to study it. We can see from the table that about 35% of the students believe the choice should be based on their own interest. They say interest is the mother of success. Besides, it is a miserable thing to have to spend most of your time studying what you have no interest in. Mowr students (around 45%), however, insist that main consideration should be given to the needs of the society, for, they argue, not everyone can find the job they like best. Whats more, interest can be born and lost. Interestingly, there are about 20% who find it too difficult to make a choice and would rather depend on their parents or teachers to make a decision. 2. April 9th, 2007 Dear Jim,Our friend Li Ming will leave for Shanghai to study. So we are going to have a get-together at 3:30 this Friday afternoon. He lives at No.225 Dongfeng Street. It is not very difficult to find your way to his home. Take a No.2 bus, the stop of which is on the left of your university, and get off at the second crossing. There is a cinema across the street. Turn right at the corner, and you will find Dongfeng Street. Li Mings home is 200 yards down the street on the right. There is a post office opposite to Li Mings home. Yours, Zhang Hua3NameLi LeiAgeTwentyNationalityHanDate of BirthMay 1st, 1985Place of BirthBeijingPresent Address5 Dongzhimen StreetSchoolBeijing No.1 Middle SchoolJune 9, 2007Dear manager,I will graduate from Beijing No.1 Middle School in July. I have studied English for six years. Im interested in English very much. I am especially good at spoken English and typing, and my typing speed is 100 words a minute.I can operate the personal computer and make programs for it. I can get information from the Internet and send information on business through it. If I