词组oneself.doc

 by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself 之辨析
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williamboy 
发布于：2011/11/21 22:07:48

by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself

这四个介词短语均属“介词+反身代词”结构，在句中作状语。

by oneself 表示“独自儿，独立地” 的意思，相当于alone。例如：
You can complete the task by yourself.
你能够独立完成这项任务。
We ought to do it all by ourselves.
我们应全靠自己来干。
Don't you feel lonely by living all by yourself?
你独自一个人住在这儿不感到寂寞吗？

for oneself[/b ]一般表示“为自己” 的意思，间或也可代替by oneself。例如：
Do you have anything to say for yourself?
你还有什么要为自己说的吗？
She kept the largest apple for herself.
她把她最大的苹果留给自己。
You can see this for yourself by experimenting with a flashlight.
你自己用一个手电筒试验一下就会明白。

[b]to oneself 含有“暗自（在心中）“的意思，常与动词think，say，talk，tell等连用。例如：
He said to himself, "I cannot do such a thing."
他自言自语道：”我不能做这样的事情。”
Tom thought to himself that he could win.
汤姆暗自想他能获胜。

of oneself 是指由于自身的影响而不受外部任何事物干涉而自行完成的动作，意为“自行地”，常用在不及物动词之后。例如：
The fire died of itself.
柴火自己熄灭了。
The door opened of itself.
门自动地开了。

【注】 “介词+反身代词”结构构成的类似短语不少，常见的还有above oneself 兴高采烈， among oneself 相互间， between oneself 私下说的话， beside oneself（喜怒哀乐等方面）发狂， in oneself 本身， on oneself ，等等。例如：
The villagers were above themselves at the news.
村民们听到这个消息时都兴高采烈。
They had a heated discussion among themselves.
他们之间进行了热烈的讨论。
Just between ourselves, I don't think much of him.
只咱们私下说说，我认为他并不怎么样。
These substances are not poisonous in themselves.
这些物质本身没有毒。