语态转换.doc

四种特殊类型的语态转换
1. 含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句
（1） 把间接宾语变为主语，而把直接宾语仍然放在动词后面不变。如：
My father gave me a new book on my birthday. →I was given a new book（by my father）on my birthday.
（2） 用直接宾语作被动句的主语时，间接宾语前有时要加介词to（在send，pass，write，give，show，bring等动词之后）或for（在buy，cook，make，order，choose等动词之后）。如：
My teacher gave me some advice. →Some advice was given to me by my teacher.
My father bought me a new watch. →A new watch was bought for me by my father.
2. 含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句
（1） 由形容词、名词作宾语补足语（宾补）的句子，变为被动语态时，只需把宾语变为主语即可。如：
We call him Lao Zhang. →He is called Lao Zhang.
He made the room beautiful. →The room was made beautiful by him.

（2） 在主动句中，动词：听（hear，listen to），观（look at，see，notice，watch），感（feel），使（make，have），让（let），帮助（help）等接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，动词不定式要省去“to”，但在变为被动语态时要加上“to”。例如：
We heard her sing in her room. →She was heard to sing in her room.
He made me wait for a long time. →I was made to wait for a long time.
3. 含有动词短语的主动句变为被动句
许多由不及物动词加介词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，也有被动语态。在转换时，不可把短语动词分开，也不能漏掉短语动词中的介词或副词。如：
All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all the people.
They take good care of the babies. →The babies are taken good care of by them.
4. 含有以that引导的宾语从句的主动句变为被动句
这种类型的主动句变为被动句，通常用it be said +原来的宾语从句。

They say that he is much better now. →It is said that he is much better now.
We said that he was a teacher. →It was said that he was a teacher.
有时，也可将宾语从句中的主语变为被动句中的主语。如上面两例可分别变为：
He is said to be much better now.
He was said to be a teacher.

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