高考英语语法填空总动员语法填空无提示词探究省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

高考英语总动员语法填空语法填空第1页1.无提醒词探究第2页一、冠词一、冠词冠冠词词(article,art.)是是名名词词前前成成份份,起起限限定定名名词词,说说明明名名词词定定指指、泛泛指指、量量指指或或独独指指等等性性质质词词类类,与与名名词词组组成成名名词词词词语语,不不能单独使用。能单独使用。第3页1.In the beginning,there was only _ very small amount of unfairness in the world.2.The parents were shocked by _ news that their son needed _ operation on his knee.参考答案：参考答案：1.a。a very small amount of一个非常小数量。一个非常小数量。2.第一空填第一空填the，表示特指；第二空填，表示特指；第二空填an，表示泛指。，表示泛指。第4页3.Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in _ thirteenth century.4.Four and _ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight,and _ break for cheese,chocolate and tea with sugar.参考答案：参考答案：3.两两个个空空都都填填the，on the Pacific Ocean为为固固定定搭搭配配，在在太太平平洋洋；in the thirteenth century在在13世世纪纪，序序数数词词前前表表特特指指用用定定冠词冠词the。4.两两个个空空都都填填a，第第一一空空表表示示量量指指，“四四个个半半”，英英语语用用four and a half；第二空表示休息时刻。；第二空表示休息时刻。第5页5.But she quickly realized that it wasnt her,it was probably the fact that she sat in _ last row.6.looked at _ finished painting with _ satisfaction.参考答案：参考答案：5.定冠词定冠词the，用在最高级前。，用在最高级前。6.the.painting,定定指指所所谈谈论论画画；with satisfaction,零零冠冠词词，固定搭配。固定搭配。第6页7.He missed _ gold in the high jump,but will get _ second chance in the long jump.8.I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had _ amazing conversation.参考答案：参考答案：7.the gold,独指独指,跳高项目唯一金牌跳高项目唯一金牌;a second=another,量指量指,还有一次机会。还有一次机会。8.不定冠词不定冠词an表类指。表类指。第7页9.As he reached _ front door,Jack saw _ strange sight.10.It is generally accepted that _ boy must learn to stand up and fight like _ man.参考答案：参考答案：9.the表示定指表示定指,a表量指。表量指。10.两空都填两空都填a表示类指。表示类指。第8页11.Its said John will be in a job paying over$60,000 _ year.Right,he will also get paid by _ week.12.Take your timeits just _ short distance from here to _ restaurant.参考答案：参考答案：11.a表量指表量指;by the week“按周计算按周计算”，固定使用方法。，固定使用方法。12.a表量指表量指;the表定指。表定指。第9页13.As is known to all,_ Peoples Republic of China is _ biggest developing country in the world.14.Dr.Peter Spence,_ headmaster of the school,told us,“_ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”参考答案：参考答案：13.the用于专用名词前；用于专用名词前；the用于最高级前。用于最高级前。14.the表定指表定指;The用于序数词前。用于序数词前。第10页 讨讨论论冠冠词词使使用用方方法法就就是是研研究究冠冠词词与与名名词词搭搭配配关关系系，这这与与名名词词可可数数不不可可数数，单单数数复复数数、语语意意上上泛泛(类类)指指、量量指指、定定(特特)指指、独指四个属性以及名词读音有亲密联络。独指四个属性以及名词读音有亲密联络。1 定冠词基本使用方法定冠词基本使用方法1.表示表示“定指或特指定指或特指”：1)表示某个或一些特定人或物。比如：表示某个或一些特定人或物。比如：(1)Do you know the girl in a red skirt?你认识那个穿红裙子女孩吗？你认识那个穿红裙子女孩吗？(特指人特指人)(2)Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国首都。北京是中国首都。(特指物特指物)第11页2)再次提到上文提到过人或物。再次提到上文提到过人或物。比如：比如：Tom has an apple.The apple is big and red.汤姆有个苹果，这个苹果又大又红。汤姆有个苹果，这个苹果又大又红。3)指谈话双方都知道人或物。比如：指谈话双方都知道人或物。比如：(1)Lets go and give it to the teacher.咱们去把它交给老师吧。咱们去把它交给老师吧。(双方都知道是哪位老师双方都知道是哪位老师)(2)Open the door，please!请打开门。请打开门。(双方都知道是哪个门双方都知道是哪个门)第12页4)用于一些固定词组中。比如：用于一些固定词组中。比如：in the morning/afternoon/evening等。等。5)用在形容词前表示一类人。用在形容词前表示一类人。6)用用在在表表示示“姓姓”复复数数名名词词前前，表表示示一一家家人人或或夫夫妇妇二二人人。比比如如：The Whites are spending their holiday in England.7)用在形容词最高级和序数词前。用在形容词最高级和序数词前。the biggest country,the fourth runner第13页2.表表示示“独独指指”：用用于于在在一一定定范范围围内内表表示示唯唯一一人人或或物物名名词词前前。比比如如：the sun，the moon，the world，the planet，the earth，the Milky Way，the sky，the universe，the globe，the Equator The moon is the nearest to the earth.比比较较：若若这这类类词词前前面面有有描描绘绘性性定定语语，可可用用不不定定冠冠词词表表示示量量指指。比如：比如：a new moon 一弯新月一弯新月a red sun一轮红日一轮红日第14页用适当冠词填空。用适当冠词填空。1.It was a cold winter night and _ moon was shining brightly across _ night sky.2.Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take _ place of George.参考答案：参考答案：1.the;the 2.the 第15页3.We are said to be living in _ Information Age,_ time of new discoveries and great changes.4.The Smiths dont usually stay at hotels,but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea.参考答案：参考答案：3.the;a 4.the 第16页5.I woke up with _ bad headache,yet by _ evening the pain had gone.6.There are over 58,000 rocky objects in space,about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth.参考答案：参考答案：5.a;the 6.the 第17页7.If we sit near _ front of the bus,well have _ better view.8.Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up _ weakening of the human body.参考答案：参考答案：7.the;a 8.the第18页2 不定冠词基本使用方法不定冠词基本使用方法1.表表示示“类类指指或或泛泛指指”：指指某某人人或或某某物物属属于于某某一一个个类类，或或者者指指某某一一个个类类人人或或物物中中任任何何一一个个或或一一件件，但但不不详详细细说说明明是是何何人人或或何何物。比如：物。比如：(1)That is a pen,not a pencil.那是钢笔，而不是铅笔。那是钢笔，而不是铅笔。(指属于某一个类指属于某一个类)(2)Give him a pear,please!请给他一个梨。请给他一个梨。(指某一个类中任何一个指某一个类中任何一个)(3)Listen!A boy is singing in the classroom.听！有个男孩正在教室里唱歌。听！有个男孩正在教室里唱歌。(不详细说明是何人不详细说明是何人)第19页2.表表示示“量量指指”：这这种种使使用用方方法法主主要要表表示示“一一”意意思思，但但它它并并不不强强调调数数目目概概念念，它它所所表表示示“数数”概概念念没没有有“one”强强烈烈，它它不能和不能和two,three等形成对比关系。等形成对比关系。比如：比如：(1)There is a cat under the chair.椅子下面有只猫。椅子下面有只猫。(表示表示“一一”概念概念)(2)Kate has one ruler,but Meimei has two.凯凯特特有有一一把把尺尺子子，梅梅梅梅有有两两把把。(形形成成了了对对比比关关系系，one表表“数数”概念较强，句中概念较强，句中“one”不能用不能用“a”代替代替)第20页用适当冠词填空。用适当冠词填空。1.India attained independence in 1947,after _ long struggle.2.Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up _ meat processing factory of his own one day.3.Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times.第21页4.The development of industry has been _ gradual process throughout human existence,from stone tools to modern technology.5.First impressions are the most lasting.After all,you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression.6.Its _ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.第22页7.The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life are working hard for _ new Jiangsu.8.In most countries,a university degree can give you _ flying start in life.参考答案：参考答案：1.a 2.a 3.a;a 4.a 5.a;a 6.a 7.a 8.a第23页3 不定冠词不定冠词a,an使用方法使用方法 不不定定冠冠词词a与与an在在意意义义上上没没有有区区分分，a用用在在以以辅辅音音音音素素开开头头单单词词或或字字母母前前；an用用在在以以元元音音音音素素开开头头单单词词或或字字母母前前，而而且要与后面单词连读且要与后面单词连读(连读用下划线表示连读用下划线表示)。比如：。比如：an important meeting,an elephant,an old woman,an envelope第24页1.元音字母开头单词与元音字母开头单词与a,an。1)除除a,e,i,o外外,注意以注意以u开头单词。比如：开头单词。比如：第25页2)在课标词汇表中，在课标词汇表中，u在词首发在词首发 音词有：音词有：ugly,umbrella,unable,uncertain,uncle,underground,understanding,underwater,undivided,unfair,unfolded,unhealthy,unknown,unlike,unpleasant,unreserved,unrest,unsold,unsuccessful,unusual,upstairs,upward其余其余u在词首发在词首发 ju:音词有：音词有：uniform,union,unique,unit,unite,universal,universe,university,use,used,useful,useless,user,usual,usually第26页2.辅辅音音字字母母开开头头单单词词与与a,an。有有单单词词开开头头是是辅辅音音字字母母,但但第第一一个个发发音音是是元元音音音音素素,加加不不定定冠冠词词时时也也是是an,这这就就是是字字母母名名称称音音和拼读音区分。比如和拼读音区分。比如:You missed an“s”in the word success.In the English exam,John got a“C”and missed an“f”in the word“suffer”.an X-ray examination,an hour,an hono(u)r,an honest man第27页1）字字母母在在字字母母表表中中读读音音叫叫字字母母名名称称音音；字字母母在在单单词词中中读读音音叫叫字字母母拼拼读读音音。在在单单词词或或字字母母前前加加a(n)时时，要要尤尤其其注注意意这这两两个个概概念。念。第28页4 冠词定指、泛指、量指和独指冠词定指、泛指、量指和独指 冠冠词词与与名名词词搭搭配配与与名名词词可可数数、不不可可数数、单单数数、复复数数等等不不一一样样性性质质相相关关，还还与与语语意意上上泛泛(类类)指指、量量指指、定定(特特)指指、独独指指四四个个属属性性亲亲密密相相连连。我我们们将将冠冠词词定定指指、泛泛指指、量量指指和和独独指指使使用用方方法归纳以下。法归纳以下。第29页表示语意表示语意使用冠词使用冠词例句例句泛泛/类指类指:相当相当于于any或或one of,泛指一类人或泛指一类人或事物事物零冠词零冠词不定冠词不定冠词定冠词定冠词1.Fresh water is scarce in some countries.2.Do you like art?3.A horse is a useful animal.4.The horse is a useful animal.5.Horses are useful animals.量指:相当于one,some,指一类人或事物中数量不定冠词不定冠词零冠词零冠词1.The flowers want a poured water.2.Music is an art.3.We need a horse to carry the box.4.Doctors were badly needed in the front.5.A red sun is rising from beyond the mountains.第30页表示语意表示语意使用冠词使用冠词例句例句定/特指:相当于this,that,these,those,指一类人或事物中详细对象定冠词定冠词1.He jumped into the water to save the boy.2.Do you like the music of the film?3.The horse is blind in the left eye.4.Give me a list of the doctors.独指:相当于only,指一定范围内唯一人或事物定冠词定冠词零冠词零冠词1.The moon moves around the earth.2.Father likes to do things for people.3.In 1860 Lincoln was elected president of the USA.第31页.单句填空单句填空1.We can never expect _ bluer sky unless we create _ less polluted world.2.Some people fear that air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world.3.I left it early because I had _ appointment later that day.第32页4.A young man,while traveling through a desert，came across a spring of clear water._ water was sweet.5.Besides，shopping at this time of the year was not _ pleasant experience.参考答案：参考答案：1.a;a 2.the 3.an 4.The 5.a第33页.用适当冠词补全短文用适当冠词补全短文 Elizabeth Rosemund Taylor was born in 1._ nineteen thirty-two to American parents living in London.Her father Francis was 2._ art dealer.Her mother Sara had worked as 3._ stage actress before her marriage.4._ Taylors left England in nineteen thirty-nine and moved to southern California.Elizabeths beauty soon caught 5._ attention of movie studio officials.第34页 She made her first movie,“Theres One Born Every Minute,”at 6._ age of ten.This was followed 7._ year later by“Lassie Come Home”.But it was 8._ nineteen forty-four film,“National Velvet”that made her 9._ star.Twelve-year-old Elizabeth Taylor starred as Velvet Brown,10._ girl living in a village in England.She saves 11._ horse and trains him for 12._ important race,which she wins.第35页 During 13._ nineteen forties Elizabeth Taylor played many roles in movies about families.Not all 14._ child actors in Hollywood were successful laterplaying adult roles.But Taylor easily went from playing children to playing 15._ teenagers and adults.In nineteen fifty,she played the bride in the popular film“Father of the Bride”.参考答案：参考答案：1./2.an 3.a 4.The 5.the 6.the 7.a8.the 9.a 10.a 11.a 12.an 13.the 14./15./第36页 二、介词二、介词 介介词词(preposition,prep.)也也是是名名词词前前成成份份，又又叫叫前前置置词词，表表示示名名词词与与句句中中其其它它句句子子成成份份之之间间从从、往往、在在、当当、把把、对对、同同、为为、以以、比比、跟跟、被被等等语语意意关关系系。介介词词往往往往在在冠冠词词前前面面。有有时时介介词词能能够够当当副副词词使使用用，区区分分是是：介介词词带带宾宾语语，副副词词不不带带宾宾语。语。比如：比如：He is in the room.(in是介词，带名词作宾语是介词，带名词作宾语)Is he in?No,he is out.(in,out是副词，不带宾语是副词，不带宾语)第37页1.The only reason a man would sell salt _ a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect _ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.参考答案参考答案:第一空填第一空填at。at a lower price以一个较低价格。以一个较低价格。第第二二空空填填for。那那将将表表现现出出对对辛辛劳劳生生产产盐盐人人汗汗水水与与付付出出不不尊尊敬敬。a lack of respect for对对不尊敬。不尊敬。第38页2.A serious study of physics is impossible _ some knowledge of mathematics.3._ everyone here,I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.参考答案参考答案:2.without 没有没有3.On behalf of 代表代表第39页4.100 is the temperature _ which water will boil.5.Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?6._ passion,people wont have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.参考答案参考答案:4.at,介词介词+关系代词，在这个温度关系代词，在这个温度 5.across,肩膀处肩膀处6.Without,没有激情没有激情第40页7.You can change your job,you can move house,but friendship is meant to be _ life.8.Nothing is so easy as _ parents to raise their expectations of their children too high.9.The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place _ the main road at the far end of the lake.参考答案参考答案:7.for,for life终生终生8.for,for sb.对某人来说对某人来说 9.off 第41页10.I didnt like leaving him _ his own,either.11.The new boy looked at the teacher _ a few seconds.12.The young man went home _ a happy heart.参考答案参考答案:10.on,on ones own 独自地独自地 11.for,一段时间一段时间12.with，怀着，怀着 第42页13.She found some good quality pipes _ sale.14.Her parents were already _ table having supper.参考答案参考答案:13.on,on sale出售出售 14.at,at table在吃饭在吃饭第43页1 方位介词方位介词(一一)方位介词图解方位介词图解第44页in在在里里,out在在外外,旁边是旁边是beside,靠近为靠近为by,on在在上上,under在在下下above在上方在上方,below在底下。在底下。on,in,at表地点表地点,on“在之上在之上”接触面接触面,at表示小地点表示小地点,in“在里面在里面”和和“中间中间”第45页(二二)above,over,on,below,under,beneath详解详解第46页over、under正上下，正上下，above、below不垂直，不垂直，若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。1.above 指水平面以上，不一定是正上方，反义词是指水平面以上，不一定是正上方，反义词是below;2.over指垂直正上方，反义词是指垂直正上方，反义词是under;3.on表示与表面接触，反义词是表示与表面接触，反义词是beneath。第47页比如：比如：1)Be careful,there is a heavy box over your head.2)The sun is above the mountain in the east.3)There are some stamps on the desk.4)The position he pointed to was below the sea level.5)The little mouse is under the table,so it is not easy to find it.第48页(三三)across,over,through,past详解详解1.across从平面上横越；从平面上横越；2.over从上方跨越；从上方跨越；3.through从空间穿越；从空间穿越；4.past从旁边经过。从旁边经过。第49页比如：比如：1)The Great Wall winds its way from west to east,across deserts,over mountains,through valleys,till at last it reaches the sea.2)The crowd of people walked past the City Hall to the Center Square.第50页2 时间介词时间介词at表示时间点,午夜黄昏拂晓也相连at dawn,at daybreak在拂晓时候,at noon在中午,at night在夜间,at midnight在午夜,at six oclock在6点钟,at 7:30(seven thirty)在7点半,at half past eleven在11点半,at nine fifteen在9点15分,at ten thirty a.m.在早晨10点30分,at the weekend在周末at也在时分前也在时分前,“差差”时用时用to“过过”用用pastat 8:00 in the morning早上八点早上八点,at 4:00 in the afternoon下午四点下午四点,two to seven七点差七点差两分两分,a quarter to eight七点四十五分七点四十五分,eleven past seven七点十一分七点十一分,half past nine九点半九点半on用于某一天用于某一天on Childrens Day儿童节儿童节,on May the first五月一日五月一日第51页in表示段时间表示段时间,用用在年季月周前在年季月周前in 1986在在1986年年,in 1927在在1927年年,in April在四月在四月,in March在三月在三月,in December 1986,1986年年12月月,in July 1983,1983年年7月月,in spring在春季在春季,in summer在夏季在夏季,in autumn在秋季在秋季,in the third week在第三周在第三周午日晚上in惯用,详细某日in变on,early,late变回来in the morning在早上,in the afternoon在下午,in the evening在晚上,in the day在白天,on a cold(winter)evening在一个严寒(冬天)晚上,on Wednesday afternoon在星期三下午,on the morning of March 8th在3月8日早晨,in the early morning在清晨,in the late afternoon在下午很晚时候第52页年月季周今明天年月季周今明天,有词修饰介词省有词修饰介词省tomorrow,yesterday或或morning,afternoon,evening前有前有this,that,next,last,one等代词、等代词、数词修饰时数词修饰时,不用介词。不用介词。this morning今天今天早上早上,one afternoon一天下午一天下午before,after时间时间点点,before起点在起点在ago前。前。ago,later时间段时间段Wei Hua got up before 7 oclock this morning.今天早晨今天早晨,魏华魏华7点之前起床。点之前起床。After that,no one should ever kill a seagull.从那时起从那时起,任何人不得捕杀海鸥。任何人不得捕杀海鸥。Her husband died 4 years ago.她丈夫死于四年前。她丈夫死于四年前。He became Senator two years later.两年后他当上了参议员。两年后他当上了参议员。第53页from.to起止by终止through一直for连续The workers were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening.工人们被迫从早7点工作到晚7点。By the time I arrived,she had already gone.在我抵达之前,她已经走了。He slept right through the day.他睡了一整天。Florence often worked for twenty-four hours without rest.弗洛伦斯经常工作二十四小时而不休息。第54页since以来以来,during之间之间,since时态多时态多完成完成Since that time,my eyes had never been very good.从那时起,我眼睛一直不是很好。During the lifetime of one man,North America and Europe will more further apart by nearly two metres.在一个人一生期间,北美洲和欧洲之间距离将要增加差不多两米。第55页3 其它介词其它介词beyond超出超出,无无,不能不能Its quite beyond me.(It is more than I can understand.)这我完全不懂。这我完全不懂。Dont stay out beyond 10 oclock.不要在外面待到不要在外面待到10点以后还不回家。点以后还不回家。against靠着靠着,对与反对对与反对She leaned wearily against the railings.她疲惫地靠着栏杆站着。(靠着)A new president was elected by a majority of 274 votes against 110.新总统以274票对110票多数当选。(对)We are totally against the plan.我们完全反对这个计划。(反对)第56页besides,except分内外分内外The design has many other advantages besides lower cost.除费用低外,该设计还有许多其它优点。(优点包含在内)Every one of us,except her,went to see the exhibition.除她外,我们都去参观了展览会。(不包含她)第57页同类比较同类比较except,加加for异类记异类记心间心间He gets up early every day except Sunday.除星期日外他天天早起。She was all alone in the world except for an old aunt.除了有一个老姑妈,在这个世界上她别无亲人。His composition is good,except for some spelling mistakes.他这篇作文写得很好,只是有几处拼写错误。(非同类比较用except for)between,among二三二三分分The differences between American English and Briti