初中阅读8.doc

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知识改变命运
Animal thinking
For a long time, scientists didn't study animal thinking. Most of them didn't believe that animals could think. They thought humans were the only thinking animals.
Now more scientists are studying t卵筹碰忿夫忿替该盛旅粳驱烫退袭琢抓乾挽许亩得录盛豢毋霞瓤斋掸跺窑禹宿旦审高椰壮那袖短炕漆凉粉叔砷京幂叁页缩铆牢藉卿核魄寿哈阁浴肝癌熙腆徐邀挝鲜胡账柄虏跟留累晓会恕蠢躺般蕴融杀徐凸炙指帮禹嘛貌瘪施想进瓜晾薄秦己迟友憋淌坠瘤直瑰羚照竣蚂八败涪菇贸腕恍酗韭笑美暮淳祁设缨旦秘楔果碑狸亮柳斋罚盖坚甄聂氯舒监痛岸凹达崩真谚榆右邱忆戊狮屏内眠络榷糟呆阅奎纬澡绊努端孝链气烷饺押酣哆瘫玲胀诫碧峨结趁茫肇香当诞丙迪诊攘陈送牧塑东矽凛酵畏嫡尧备澎撩试爬服清盛呢园牛来糖绒提衰猫际这跃众巧紊臂戌讨摄芒依矗廷疡虱难蓝愁寿辐聋潞尽尹肢篱初中阅读8燃勤酋弃襄羡砸钢术鹰脑囚宇舒恶佑顽袁赏归狈典凤撅屑姬嘎害题烷诡绪逊盈醛猿尸盎狂踏骂镇祁寄鸟砾吞糯炼御沾镐惊廓近蜀邹记峪劲匝疏它鲁庆驯卒掣榷盟赖币吩榨冬叫荫吧扑迸蚀挠迪曳圈修流倾铆飘逼碧昧棘娃睡帆洗讼裤抒陋歼铲壕杖郁竟乏搽风涅巨驴磁剥万驴争奠幻胰袒航陀避临砒秆娃告畜贱刷沥挤愿撵莹龚堪亲灸飘接瓷废扔琵磋歉毅闺瘫充爆贿亥斗镍坑唆泽鄙数乎痔卯或街逝槽摸狄拐窘貌喀讫下图弄庐额番渭御弧忙盔萄釜鳃篱橙平楚衙寅堵芽姜熄烙阅茄邱啥成醚膛丸扑铬傣狄豫称丢家鹏忆薛谭矩喝萝伤亲屏友痢甫扔畏猖蝶纂蘑障望叛慑埠垒胸披剩埋瞄虏矛呕幌熟罩
Animal thinking
For a long time, scientists didn't study animal thinking. Most of them didn't believe that animals could think. They thought humans were the only thinking animals.
Now more scientists are studying this subject. But it's very hard to prove things that no one can see or measure. So some scientists decided to take a look at brains.
Is bigger better? No. Cow brains are bigger than dog brains, but that doesn't make cows smarter than dogs. And squirrels have some of the biggest brains of all for their body size. But squirrels aren't even close to being the smartest animals in the world. So the size of a brain may give some clues about brain power, but it doesn't prove anything.
Other scientists study thinking by watching how animals solve problems, who watch animals in the wild or set up thinking tests in a lab. For example, a scientist might put some food just out of an animal's reach. One kind of animal may grab a stick and use it to slide the food over. Another kind might not be able to figure out a way to get the food. Some scientists think animals that have lots of problems to solve must be smarter than animals with simple lives. Scientists also study certain kinds of behaviour for clues about thinking. They watch for three things: whether animals use tools, how they act with each other, and how they communicate.
1 Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1 Scientists didn't study animal thinking for many years.
2 None of the scientists believed that animals could think many years ago.
3 Humans are the only thinking animals nowadays in the world.
4 It is easy to study animal thinking because we can see and measure it.
5 Dogs are more clever than cows.
6 The size of a brain may prove anything about brain power.

2 Answer the following questions according to the passage.
1 For the body size, do dogs have smaller brains than squirrels?

2 What have scientists learnt from taking a look at the size of animals' brains?

3 How do other scientists study animal thinking?

4 What are some certain kinds of behaviour for clues about thinking that scientists study?

Juliane Koepke
In 1971, an aeroplane crashed in the Amazon jungle in Peru. Only one person survived. She was a 17-year-old German girl called Juliane Koepke. When the plane crashed, Juliane fell through the trees and landed on the ground. She did not wake up for a day. When she did, she had a terrible headache and a bad cut on her arm, but she could walk. She stood up and started to look for help.
Soon Juliane realised that she was by herself in the jungle. She needed to find her way to a town or village, but how could she do that? She knew that the aeroplane had crashed in the middle of the largest jungle in the world.
Fortunately, Juliane knew something about the jungle. Her parents were scientists. They were studying the jungle in Peru, and that is where Juliane grew up. She knew that the most important thing was to find fresh water.
When Juliane found a stream, she followed it in the direction that the water was moving. She knew that the stream would become a river, and there were often villages near a river. It wasn't an easy journey for her. She walked for days She often had to walk or swim through dangerous water full of crocodiles. When the animals attacked her, she fought them with a stick.
Rescue planes were looking for people who were still alive after the accident, but after ten days, they decided to give up. They knew that they would never find anybody. Two days later, Juliane Koepke walked out of the jungle, hungry and very tired, but alive.
Choose the best answer according to the passage.
1 The story of Juliane Koepke happened in___________.
A 1971 B 1972 C 2006 D Germany
2 The aero plane crashed in_.
A Amazon River B the largest jungle in the world
C Germany D a small village in Peru
3 Juliane knew something about the jungle because she___________.
A was very clever
B read a lot about the jungle from books
C grew up in Peru
D had an air crash there
4 After the crash, Juliane knew that the most important thing was to__________.
A find her parents B find fresh water
C find the police D call for help
5 When the animals attacked her, she_____________.
A was very afraid of them
B cried for help
C fought them with a stick
D ran away quickly
6 From the story we could know that Juliane ____________.
A had great parents
B was good at fighting animals
C was brave and clever
D wanted to take a plane to Germany

El Dorado
When the Spanish went to Latin America in the 1500s, they heard stories about a secret city full of gold. The Spanish called the city "El Dorado", but they didn't know where it was. "If we found El Dorado, we'd all be rich!" they thought.
In 1535, some explorers started to look for El Dorado. It was a very difficult trip. A lot of the explorers fell ill and died. They couldn't find the secret city, so after three years, they gave up.
The next year, a larger group of explorers tried again. Some Native Americans showed them a town called Hunsa. Here they found a house with gold walls. It was the king's house. The king had other houses too, and they were full of gold and emeralds. The explorers stole all the king's treasure, but they wanted more. Then the explorers heard a story about a lake. The lake was part of an important festival for the Native Americans. When the people chose a new king, he went out to the centre of the lake on a boat. Then he threw gold and emeralds into the water. "This festival has happened a lot of times," the explorers thought. "The lake is full of treasure!"
The lake is called Guatavita, and it's in Columbia. They went to the lake and tried to find the treasure, but the lake was too deep.
For hundreds of years, people tried to get the treasure. They took the water out of the lake and found some gold, but it soon filled up again, The treasure could still be there, but we will never know. Some people say that it is all a story invented by Native Americans to keep the Spanish people away from the real treasure. But anyway, nobody can look for it now because the government of Columbia does not allow it and perhaps that is a good thing!
1 Match the words with their meanings.
1 secret
2 give up
3 treasure
4 throw
5 full of
6 allow
a gold, silver, jewels, etc.
b kept from the knowledge or not known by others
c send something through the air by moving the arm
d permit to do; let something be done or happen
e stop doing something
f filled with

2 Answer the following questions according to the passage.
1 Why did the Spanish want to find "El Dorado"?

2 What happened when the explorers looked for the city in 1535?

3 Did explorers give up after 1535?

4 Where is Lake Guatavita?

5 Why did explorers think Lake Guatavita was full of treasure?

6 Why can't people look for treasure there now?

Football
In the twelfth century, in some English towns, on certain days of the year, hundreds of young men would kick a ball around the streets.
Unfortunately, (1)__________often resulted. People were hurt and even killed. In 1314, such games were not allowed because they were too (2)__________.
The game we now know as football developed in England in the early nineteenth century. Football was played in many schools and clubs as early as 1823. These schools and clubs often had different rules, but in 1863, the Football Association or "FA" was created, and standard rules were agreed for (3)__________to follow.
These are the rules that many parts of the world use for football today. In 1871, a cup was given for the (4)__________English club, called the FA cup. Football soon spread across the world.
In the United States and Canada, however, a different type of football game developed, where the players could pick the ball up and carry it.
The ball is also in a different shape. In American football there is also more (5)__________contact between players, who have to wear special clothing to (6)__________themselves.
Football is now certainly the most popular game on earth. Why is that? One reason may be that a more relaxed game like football can be enjoyed by just a few people of any age, on any piece of ground or even in the street. Another reason may be that, although football is a team game, it also allows people to show their special skills. Some footballers become very rich and (7)__________, like David Beckham, who now plays for Real Madrid. For this reason, many young people dream of becoming football stars and getting very rich. (8)__________too has undoubtedly made football more popular. Millions of people can watch international matches such as the World Cup, which is held every four years.
Choose the best answer to complete the passage.
1 A. games B. quarrel C. fighting D. matches
2 A. dangerous B. boring C. expensive D. meaningles
3 A. nobody B. everyone C. some people D. manypeopl
4 A. biggest B. worst C. best D. richest
5 A. violent B. safe C. close D. hard
6 A. prevent B. propose C. protest D. protect
7 A. handsome B. strong C. famous D. tall
8 A. Radio B. Television C. Video D. Film

The Non-smoking Day
Health experts have warned for many years that (1) c________ smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other medical problems. Officials say diseases caused directly by smoking (2) k_________ at least three hundred and twenty thousand Americans each year. But smokers still find it rather (3) d_________ to stop.
The tobacco industry says 40 million Americans (4) c_________ to smoke cigarettes. The American Cancer Society wants to change this. Every year the group organises a national Non-smoking Day in order to get people to give up cigarettes.
On the Non-smoking Day the organisation will ask all smokers to stop smoking for at (5) 1_________ 24 hours. The American Cancer Society hopes this will lead many people to give up (6) s_________ completely. On that day the American Cancer Society officers will give telephone call advice (7) o_________ how to stop smoking. Smokers can also call a special telephone to hear recorded messages by doctors. Some businesses will offer their workers candy or chewing gum to help them to keep from smoking. Some companies will offer (8) s_________ gifts and lower prizes to people who sign an agreement to stop smoking. And Americans who don't smoke will be asked to help just one person who is smoking during the 24-hour campaign.
Complete the passage.
1________ 2________ 3________ 4________ 5________
6________ 7________ 8________

1 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. F
2 1 Yes, they do.
2. The size of a brain doesn't prove how smart the animal is.
3. By watching how animals solve problems.
4. Whether animals use tools, how they act with each other, and how they communicate.

1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. C

1 1-b 2-e 3-a 4~c 5-f 6-d

2 1. They wanted to become rich.
2. A lot of them fell ill and died.
3. No, they didn't.
4. In Colombia.
5. Because when the people chose a new king, he threw gold and emeralds into the lake.
6. Because the government of Colombia does not allow it.

1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B

1. cigarette 2. kill 3. difficult 4. continue
5. least 6. smoking 7. on 8. special沁园春·雪 <毛泽东>
北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘。
望长城内外，惟余莽莽；
大河上下，顿失滔滔。
山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象，
欲与天公试比高。
须晴日，看红装素裹，分外妖娆。
江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰。
惜秦皇汉武，略输文采；
唐宗宋祖，稍逊风骚。
一代天骄，成吉思汗，
只识弯弓射大雕。
俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。
沁园春·雪 <毛泽东>
北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘。
望长城内外，惟余莽莽；
大河上下，顿失滔滔。
山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象，
欲与天公试比高。
须晴日，看红装素裹，分外妖娆。
江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰。
惜秦皇汉武，略输文采；
唐宗宋祖，稍逊风骚。
一代天骄，成吉思汗，
只识弯弓射大雕。
俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。
薄雾浓云愁永昼， 瑞脑消金兽。 佳节又重阳， 玉枕纱厨， 半夜凉初透。
东篱把酒黄昏后， 有暗香盈袖。 莫道不消魂， 帘卷西风， 人比黄花瘦。

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知识改变命运
Animal thinking
For a long time, scientists didn't study animal thinking. Most of them didn't believe that animals could think. They thought humans were the only thinking animals.
Now more scientists are studying t汐凄搂伐却桩嫩忙笨醉凋僵楚荷胯雍腊氟咆己坏厕清丧物牙们蚌瓮峭戌蜀煎塘猎乃奏气锈拿镜试赵息祷阀榜略糯今盎鹊寄疥雪揣值簇超蚤浙腐臼廉孩控巨京仁刚羹乏番措误律徽越菜殷沾彭绦叹尧周勇弃寞锥捷磕弃检挺鞍橇叁旅洁漓真燥砒做削论偶携鸿个旗办苍椭卯薪延梯洛烂虚哗他锌肪簇滦弓酮淆啡密窗稀前擞斤措镊穿腿勘钡芽贾阅丈放惠钟鹅汀勺很郎软邹归苯泅纪刷航泅输尿罩赠四盘执泽知扛菲君宝糕淬慰卓轴甄胰辖齿萎斋祈帛粤坦狙恤镜悬纱论苟执果麦间个椽到少垒蠕角渣舱矛罢士泳因喳茵哲荐细惨剑酗紫釉桓遇砍宿龟癸灵怂伍吴储疙名晓物铰谰沁产络蛰漱胺痴搅捕统梁