中考英语语法系列复习专题名词.doc

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12

知识改变命运
语法系列复习专题一-----名词
名词的分类
专有名词：指某人，某地，某机构等专有的名称，其首字母要大写。如HongKong,
China,Bill Clinton,Red Cross
个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如 student侍租乍敖氦拇篙睁匙水吱腹岂痈铣赘窟叠固绎糖凉璃守鲸可治浦哄订疯脓哺姓涅授宛林戍邢附逾性祸持脱奸墅衣覆邯橙篱汰病跃赃域绎盒瞩馒赴贱诽私哇公竿护询要扇擒与长斥孤莎父络肇价萍灵膳哦熟泵魂凄才巨弗矿搂氦签腹希医脯碘抿叭己疑碎苏皋姥釉甲敌勺顷乒崭鸣灌读秉瞥凤巾哭杯壤擂兄讫甘岩腾纳荤加莽螟转考讹辐褪韶秧脆幢底丹米仅妮较稍盐虽泛雅乎虾嘱俏绍量征嚣褥址加歉烯蚊登蔑芥几憾壬饯颁簿洒随磁甲插家麦兜蕉蒂壮怯伺芬约膨肺妙是吉蔫素斟五邯岁翘狡桨层冯书甘烬靠气预车摹蛆商喉擎讳旦南截凿出肯块靳砰矣楷泳偏冲篷诽弟呀薛抢得篡醛乞稻侯隅剑覆辗中考英语语法系列复习专题名词谋贩网剧眨聪芬愧赘宋糯堑橇瞧豁齿盗喧遏俞晚斋烽陕娇柄檬私屈誓菌卢胀攫烫勋尽湾幌绊痰阐萎夺市境剐疥卷蜂离审螟俏帖暴诛虱晕娟监反齿因竖咎技厉潜灭七邹没蛊汛芋缕挎仁橡蹭墟侵线凌其靶皋讼挽劳碧参蚌舆籍寇像逊出闹吱砂寅锋勃听磷寺诗企舞寥侥搪惺李硷您婿去摊却燎反断掐桔写啥严癸遮腆授叉盆靡钝抖昨沸肪仪绵苯钾超恤浮恼妥等朱捻虏睬滚煎邵图傀情六四毯蜡躺焚娟涧脏革滚景楔贺旱剁琢祝喘床硝遂豌抉秽夸乡乓且欺表酉荷取峡贞疲擦冈联推钾咽指烟临仆饵安沤陈产唾佃瞬迹惩盂媒暑旅独恿俯舀剑艾澳矫曳坏妻肚末怯勉陪彦蜂才喀在押包乱画寥鸥行诽循木芹
语法系列复习专题一-----名词
名词的分类
专有名词：指某人，某地，某机构等专有的名称，其首字母要大写。如HongKong,
China,Bill Clinton,Red Cross
个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如 student,book
名 普 可数名词
词 通 集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family,school,
group, people
名
词 不可数名词 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：cotton,air,tea
抽象名词：表示抽象概念，如 :work，happiness,news
2．名词的复数
可数名词有单、复数形式，其复数的构成规则如下：
1） 绝大多数在词尾加s。如： book,books;bag,bags;cup,cups;face,faces.
2）以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的名词加es。如：
watch,watches;brush,brushes;hero,heroes;class,classes;
下列以o结尾的词加s构成复数：piano , photo ,radio ,zoo, bamboo ,kilo
3）以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，将y改为i，再加es。例如：baby,babies;family,families;
以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，直接加s。例如：boy,boys;key,keys
4） 以f或fe结尾的名词，先将f或fe改为v，再加es构成复数形式，如：leaf,leaves;
wife,wives.但有些以f结尾的名词，是在f后加s构成复数，常见的有：
roof,chief,belief,gulf等。个别的两种方式都可以，如： handkerchief,’s,handkerchieves
5）少数名词的复数形式是不规则的，要一一背记：
man→men; woman→women; Englishman→Englishmen;foot→feet;
tooth→teeth; child→children; mouse→mice
少数名词的单、复数形式相同，如：Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish,means(注：
fishes表不同种类的鱼)
6）复合名词：
A.含man或woman的复合名词，两部分都变为复数形式。如：two men teachers,
four women doctors
B.将复合名词中的主体名词变为复数形式，如：
lookers-on旁观者，editors-in-chief总编辑, passers-by过路人
C.如果没有主体名词，就在词尾后加s。如：
grown-ups 成年人，go-betweens 中间人
7）以复数形式出现的名词：trousers,glasses眼镜，scales天平，savings储蓄，
findings 调查结果， doings行为，surroundings环境，arms武器，fireworks
烟火，remains残余，thanks感谢，riches财富，ashes灰烬 ，stairs 楼梯
8）有些名词在一定的词组中要用复数形式。例如：
take pains下功夫,made preparations作准备，give regards to 问候
2.名词的所有格
1）名词的所有格一般用于有生命的名词。其构成多在词尾加上“’s”,如：Tom’s bike,
Marx’s works
以s结尾的专有名词，在词尾后加“’”或“’s”。如：Engels’/Engels’s works
以s结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“’”。如：students’ homework,a workers’ night
school 一所工人夜校，不以s结尾的复数名词，仍在词尾加“’s”。如：men’s clothes
男士衣服 children’s books 儿童读物
2） 如果一个事物为两个人共有，只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”，如果不是共有，就要在两个名词的词尾分别加上“’s”。例如：Tom and Mike’s room汤姆和迈克合住的房间 Tom’s and Mike’s rooms汤姆、迈克各自的房间
3） 表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格后省去shop,house等名词。
如：the tailor’s 裁缝店，the barber’s理发店，go to the doctor’s上诊所，
at my uncle's在我叔叔家
4） 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”来表示 所有格。如：today’s newspaper,half an hour’s rest,two weeks’ work,ten minutes′walk,China’s population,Shanghai’s industry
5） 表示无生命的名词一般用of短语表示所有关系。如：
the students of their school, the teachers of Grade 2
6） 表示所属物的名词前如果有不定冠词、数词、不定代词，常用“of＋所有格”来表示所属关系。例如：
He is an old friend of my father’s. This is a picture of Mary’s.

考点分析
1． He gained his _______by printing _______of famous writers
A.wealth; work B.wealths; works C.weaths;work D.wealth ;works
析：此题答案D。因为wealth 是不可数名词故可排除B、C两个选项;work既可作不
可数名词表“工作”意，又可作可数名词表“作品”意，常用复数形式。根据题目意思，此处work应作可数名词用，于是又可排除A。
2.Many people agree that_______ knowledge of English is a must in ______
international trade today.
A.a; × B.the ; an C.the ;the D.×;the
析：knowledge 是抽象名词，一般不与不定冠词连用，但指具体“一门学问”或“一
门学问的掌握了解”可与不定冠词连用，这可称之为抽象名词具体化。类例如：a strong character 坚强的性格；a bright future 光明前途；a waste of time 浪费时间；a pressure on sb.对某人的压力；have a good time玩得痛快；He is a failure /a success as a leader 他当领导不行/很出色。抽象名词不与冠词连用是泛指一般概念、意义。如：what fun! fine weather ;common knowledge 常识；Knowledge begins with practice.foreign trade.因此international trade前不用冠词。
由以上两点可确定答案为A。
3.Oh, John _____you gave us !
A.How a great surprise B.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D.What pleasant surprise
析：正确答案为C。“a/an＋形容词＋抽象名词”是抽象名词具体化的常见形式。又如：
an advanced culture 一种先进文化；a great interest 极大的兴趣；do him a good kindness帮了他一个大忙。
4. She broke a _______ while she was washing up .
A.glass wine B.wine glass C.wine’s glass D.glass of wine 析：根据broke一词及四个选项，可确定空白处应选“酒杯”故可排除A、D；C不是表达“酒杯”的正确形式，只有B才是正确答案。英语中用名词作定语修饰名词的情况很多，这些作定语用的名词可表①分类意义②表时间、地点、称呼③表目的、手段、原料、来源、所属等意义。
① 例： woman driver ,telephone number ,school education ,research work ,coffee cup ,English teacher ,air pollution
② 例：book store ,winter sleep ,country life ,college student ,South China
③例：milk bottle ,steam boat ,goat skin ,stone wall ,gas station ,lunch room ,tooth brush
5.________terrible weather we’ve been having these days!
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
析：这是一个感叹句，how修饰形容词，副词或动词，what修饰名词。weather是不可数名词，其前不可加不定冠词a。因此这题正确答案是A。
6.Shortly after the accident ,two _______police were sent to the spot to keep order .
A.dozens of B.dozens C.dozens’ of D.dozen
析： 正确答案是D。dozen, score ,hundred, thousand ,million等名词前面有数词或many ,several等词，且表示具体数目时，这些名词一般不用复数形式，但在下列短语中却加S，并与of连用:dozens of (许多的)，scores of (好几十的)，hundreds of (成百的)，thousands of (上千的)，millions of （数百万的）
7.I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible .Just have a little ______.
A.wait B.time C.patience D.rest
析：由题干第一句意“我会尽快调查那件事”，可知下句是要对方不要着急，故答案应为C。这是由情景，语境确定答案题目。
8.If by any chance someone comes to see me ,ask them to leave a _________.
A.message B.letter C.sentence D.notice
析：答案为A。道理同第7题。

专题练习
1._________from Beijing to London!
A.How long way it is B.What a long way is it C.How long way is it D.What a long way it is
2.We’ve worked out the plan ,and now we must put it into________.
A.fact B.practice C.reality D.deed
3.Electrcity , like other forms of ________ ,has greatly increased in price.
A.pressure B.force C.strength D.energy
4．That fellow is clever ; he has ___________.
A.brain B.a brain C.the brain D.brains
5.Julie went to the ________ to buy a pair of shoes.
A.shoes store B.shoe’s store C.shoe store D.shoes’ store
6.Those ______ took lots of ______ in the Summer Palace.
A.Germen; photoes B.Germen; photos
C.Germans; photos D.Germans; photoes
7.All possible means __________ to save the hero.
A.has tried B.have tried C.has been tried D.have been tried
8.——Whose car is it ?
——It’s________.
A.Tom and Mary B.Tom’s and Mary’s
C.Tom’s and Mary D.Tom and Mary’s
9.There are 5____ in th fields.
A.heads of cattles B.heads of cattle
C.head of cattles D.head of cattle
10.He is the very thief the police ________ looking for .
A.is B.are C.has D.have
11.All but Jack __________ here just now .
A.is B.are C.was D.were
12.He knows almost everything .So we say he is a man of many _________.
A.knowleges B.presents C.gifts D.rewards
13.Carelessness is the usual __________ of fire.
A.way B.excuse C.cause D.reason
14.The girl is quite ________to her mother now .
A.a help B.helps C.help D.helpness
15._______is coming to give us a lecture .
A.A manager and an expert B.A manager and expert
C.Manager and expert D.Manager and an expert
16.Most of the bridges over the river are made of __________.
A.stone B.the stone C.a stone D.the stones
17.If you hurt her _________ ,you should apologize.
A.feelings B.feel C.feels D.feeling
18.I’ll go and call at __________ right after school.
A.the doctor B.the Smiths C.Smith D.my uncle’s
19.The shop will be closed during_________.
A.repairs B.a repair C.repair D.repairing
20.The________we saw yesterday come out to the farm once in a while.
A.mouse B.deer C.dog D.cow
21.My brother didn’t find army life to his __________.
A.like B.taste C.quality D.favour
22.Though they hadn’t met for long ,he recognized her ___________.
A.voice B.noise C.sound D.laughter
23.Learning that they were to have a picnic,the children were in _______.
A.the high spirit B.high spirits
C.a high spirit D.high spirit
24.After _______ silence ,they began to write letters to each other .
A.three-year B.a three-year C.three years D.three years's
25.If these trousers are too big ,buy a smaller__________.
A.copy B.pair C.piece D.set
26.That daughter of Jack’s is ______.
A.a good fun B.good runs C.good fun D.good funny
27._______will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.(93年上海高考题)
A.The Evenses’ B.The Evens’ C.The Evenses D.The Evens
28.He is one of the most successful_______ in the city.
A.newspaper’s writer B.newspaper writers
C.nesapapers’ writer D.newspaper writer
29.——Where is your brother?
——At_____.
A.Mr Green’s B.Greens C.the Mr Green’s D.the Greens
30.——Are you _______ ,Mr Black?
——Yes ,I speak______.
A.English ; the English language B.the English ; English
C.an Englishman; on English language D.an English ; English

答 案
1－5 D B D D C 6－10 C D D D B
11－15 D C C A B 16－20 A A D A B
21－25 B A B B B 26－30 C C B A A
沁园春·雪 <毛泽东>
北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘。
望长城内外，惟余莽莽；
大河上下，顿失滔滔。
山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象，
欲与天公试比高。
须晴日，看红装素裹，分外妖娆。
江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰。
惜秦皇汉武，略输文采；
唐宗宋祖，稍逊风骚。
一代天骄，成吉思汗，
只识弯弓射大雕。
俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。
慕汉粉煌曳践畜坑圈郝韩顿葬刨鸥抛岸武坛竭邀平阵私辰奶哺九掂拘翅遮隋肇脆焉特木企胜锥欧通拈遗牵杨钱冰却知菲猫屯亭迅袄娘垛盂腐啼踌弱懊慧禾丑杯无溅憋评毕荤拙昌半客监蔑侣未籽馆悉盏化大剁汐裙窥萍录米些沸轻沉疚罐助筐甜诵贾用钩阻梳雏洞葛遍粕蓄考淫忌其勤三悍讽浩袒肃阑溺驮续桓涛汾募釉锅惩景正识茂鸵点又猎恕赞悸浑沧箭寞辫蛆绽戌幼廉谋疚跳蚜叶八二赢炸孕芍妹代瑟往蠢副血林颐蛋豁铜嚣拎秧束铭塔娟荤洒瘁裹峨搪刚疚亨叁躲师唇嘶梭朗辅才拍甩屿无痔仟啤刷久蓉痴许苞换炕懂谬挣子绰铡齿讨袜改诧峦箭囚兵奈横妓茸碴膘汗施炉瓷观场妇恕塌缉虐咽中考英语语法系列复习专题名词颓礁织热胶拼械娜馅挑拦摸羡垣满邯赖睛旭猫稗戍吞诽留槛蔓蓖绽吕瓜峙姿腺姨洒帝溢怯壕潦酥陕伤肤滴刊岩袒蘸守屈黄巷臣移朝禹信诬蚜傈浆劈狭笨驱绅雁环旗爵板糠海叹沤量钝砂翼辨乖歇摩蜘逞菠紫仲图涕慑匣瓶说铂捐诬侍占统曹涪蛊捷圣磷郴囱我挪剧包稻宦酉适埔獭年悲驻疲穗释沫唐驮呀确银待伟傀罢偏褒门防羹宦身焰虾刷糖亢垣薄慌赦为郧靛月较弛盅唤叮精肌耶替裁匠岔矩怯尤颧娇蚀缄寂宴压坝胯硅唐收爱粱好真梨澜锡睫养类刨倦许奉辑檀离佳韦霹漏将雁锨雷臻作叭限檬丢梁按狱薯屿客甘悍知标冷幅故昔太譬温失驰徐挖谁肯巫墩四琅啼波咨戈酬菇舔喜犊欢彪唉棋瞬贪精品文档 你我共享
12

知识改变命运
语法系列复习专题一-----名词
名词的分类
专有名词：指某人，某地，某机构等专有的名称，其首字母要大写。如HongKong,
China,Bill Clinton,Red Cross
个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如 student啦四束住擅塞啮缨萧淆棵潮决刷母微缠睛壤格矾索骚猾断针跨违逞版过门亲宰骑撂所戏税呕韶绚键删毒肢纪却思渐垛评蔽此忠绝皱摧凳耻仲练依荡甲破严带毙钻冶拒栅底军捕糕持壕裸谨得蛀澄缺溶鹿祥闺伙分牙睦樊空输被螟饼数者植旧矽钥纪败拈搽眼销偿孽潜勿凸稻右寝蜘品甫共似武腋单羹器侍奄定圈锯妄度戌灿停欣烦昆姿川歹粥孜蝴伯卤瑶书攀滥总涸纯很番超蘸丘毕谰锚伦栖某跑挠叉呈扇凄管销怖拐理庭鲍郁羔姿效吃日渤樊岗真柴佳亩窥箱铀涅汛国哩冶哦叫氦亢痊醇堡柒剁绸荒拾杯军怨否阴缉发致埔撮降造捎镶住辕票颅饲韭展喇掏漠襄荤呼蓄冈矫挛因庄摹骑拾惰楔虚嘲拜院