2016届高考英语第二轮阅读理解复习检测58.doc

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浙江临安市2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解练习（2）及答案
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
(The Most Important of All Human Qualities is a Sense of Humor)
Biologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laugh. In a universe which appears to be utterly devoid of humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. And it is a luxury, for unlike any other bodily process, laughter does not seem to serve a biologically useful purpose. In a divide world, laughter is a unifying force. Human beings oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps, but we all share the ability to laugh. And laughter, in turn, depends on that most complex and subtle of all human qualities: a sense of humor Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal. This can best be seen from the world-wide popularity of Charlie Chaplin’s early films. The little man at odds with society never fails to amuse no matter which country we come from. As that great commentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson, once remarked, ‘Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed in the same way.’
     A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tingle to an earth quaking roar, but the effect is always the same. Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values. It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack. If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously. We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy, so we never get a lop sided view of things.
     This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony. Human pain and suffering are so grim; we hover so often on the brink of war; political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total despair. In such circumstances, cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redress the balance. They take the wind out of pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their sense of proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd. We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about war in Gulliver’s Travels.  The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they can’t agree which end to break an egg. We laugh because we meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too. It is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish.
     The sense of humor must be singled out as man’s most important quality because it is associated with laughter. And laughter, in turn, is associated with happiness. Courage, determination, initiative – these are qualities we share with other forms of life. But the sense of humor is uniquely human. If happiness is one of the great goals of life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.

1.The most important of all human qualities is
[A] a sense of humor.
A sense of satire.
[C] A sense of laughter.
[D] A sense of history.
2.The author mentions about Charlie Chaplin’s early films because
[A] they can amuse people.
Human beings are different from animals.
[C] They show that certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal.
[D] They show that people have the same ability to laugh.
3.One of the chief functions of irony and satire is
[A] to show absurdity of actions.
to redress balance.
[C] to take the wind out of politicians.
[D] to show too much grimness in the world.
4.What do we learn from the sentence ‘it is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish in totalitarian regimes?’
[A] It can reveal the truth of political events with satire.
It can arouse people to riot.
[C] It shows tragedy and comedy are related.
[D] It can make people laugh.
5.Who is Swift?
[A] A novelist.
A poet.
[C] A dramatist.
[D] A essayist.

Vocabulary
1.devoid            没有，缺乏
2.plague            n.瘟疫，惹人烦恼的人和事v.给……造成麻烦，痛苦，困难
3.faction            派别
ic stereotype      可笑/滑稽的模式
mentator      （集注）作者，评论员，解说员
6.tinkle            n.一连串的丁零声，电话声，v.使发出丁零声
7.fanatic            狂热者（尤指宗教、政治的狂热）
8.lop-sided      不均匀的
9.hover            翱翔，盘旋；彷徨
10.somber            低沉的，暗淡的，严峻的
11.redress            纠正，补偿
12.pompous            自大的，浮夸的
13.arrogant      傲慢的
14.proportion      均衡，匀称，平衡，比例
15.Lilliputian      微型的，极小的，源自《格列佛游记》中的小人国里的人
16.totalitarian      极权主义的
17.regime            政体，政权，统治方式或制度

难句译注
1．      In a divided world, laughter is a unifying force.
【参考译文】在分裂的世界中，笑是一种促成一致（团结）的力量。
2．      Human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps,
【参考译文】人际关系可能因思想意识派别和政治阵营的不同而受侵扰。
3．      Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal.
【参考译文】某些滑稽的模式具有全球性的效果。
4．      Charlie Chaplin查理•卓别林1889-1977，英国讽刺滑稽剧及电影演员，导演及制片人。
5．      At odds with society和社会格格不入。
6．      Dr. Samuel Johnson撒缪尔•约翰生，1709-1784，英国辞典编撰者及作家。
7．      A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tinkle to an earth quaking roar.
【参考译文】幽默感表现的方式多种多样，笑也许是银铃般优雅轻笑，也许是震耳欲聋的放声大笑。
8．      If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously.
【参考译文】如果我们能见到可笑的一面，我们就不会犯这种错误：对自己看得过重（自以为了不起）。
9．      We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy, so we never get a lop-sided view of things.
【参考译文】我们会经常提醒自己祸兮福所伏（悲剧离喜剧实际并不遥远），那我们决不会偏执一词地看事物。
10．      Take the wind out of sb’s sails使某人气馁或泄气。
11．      Swift Jonathan swift乔纳森•思维福特1667-1745，英国作家，生于都柏林，曾获牛津大学硕士，三一学院神学博士学位，1688年到英国，后加入英国国教会。他同情英国统治下的爱尔兰人民，积极参加他们为争取自由和民族独立的斗争。他以政治讽刺文著世，其文笔犀利、讽刺尖锐、文章推理严密，用词简洁、语言朴实清晰，被认为是英语的典范，《格列佛游记》是他的代表作之一。
12．      We laugh because we are meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too.
【结构简析】mean to do是打算或注定要…，一般用于被动。
【参考译文】我们笑是因为想笑，可是我们也想哭。是指小人国和邻国仅仅为打鸡蛋一类小事而打仗可笑，确实也是可悲。作者结合现实指出是人类悲剧之所在。

写作方法与文章大意      文章以部部深入，一般到具体的写作手法论及笑是人类特有的功能。
     形式多种、效果一样。天下人有各种观点、制度、人际关系，对滑稽的东西都会报之以笑――一种一致的力量。
     笑基于幽默感，有了它，人们会乐观、愉快、轻松，不偏不倚地对待一切，悲剧中寓以喜剧，幽默感又是人类开启幸福之门的钥匙。
     论及的同时作者佐以例子，卓别林的早期电影，《格列佛游记》中的小人国战争等。

答案详解
1.      A 幽默感。文章一开始就提出人类有别于动物是人有笑的功能，世界纷争繁杂、人际关系因意识观点差异而对峙，国家制度不一，但人们都能笑。笑基于人类最复杂而又微妙的品质――幽默感。反过来说没有幽默感的人恐怕难以笑。第二段正式指出：幽默感表现形式多种多样，而笑可由微笑到狂笑种种，但其效果相同，幽默感有助于我们保持正确的价值观。这是政治狂热者所缺乏的特征。如果我们能看见滑稽可笑的一面，我们就不会犯过于看重自己的错误。我们总会记得悲剧离喜剧不愿，因此，我们不会有偏重某一测的观点。第四段画龙点睛的指出幽默是人类最重要的特征，因为它和笑声结合在一起。而笑又是和幸福联系在一起。勇气、决心、创造力特征，我们和其他生命形式共享，而幽默感是人类所独有的。如果幸福是我们生活的伟大目标，那幽默感就是开启幸福的钥匙。
B.讽刺感。这是第三段讲的内容，讽刺的功能，但不是人类最重要的特征。C.笑感。D.历史观点。
2.      C 作者提卓别林的电影的目的是证明某些喜剧模式对全世界都有吸引力。
A.它可以取悦任何人。B.人类和动物不同。D.证明人有同样笑的功能。
3.      B使各种事情重新相等和均衡。第三段着重讲了这一点。人类在痛苦中挣扎，常处于战争的边缘。政治实现令人绝望，在这种处境中，对某些政治事物的讽刺挖苦和漫画可以使各种心理重新平衡，可使失去均衡感的政客地下高傲头颅；可使我看见许多深邃的事情荒谬可笑。
A.表现行为的荒唐。C.使政治家气馁。D.表现世界上太多的令人沮丧之事。
4.      A它可以以讽刺的手法解释政治时间的真相。
B.这可促使人民暴动。C.它表示了悲剧和喜剧相联系。D.它能使人哭。
5.      A小说家。
B.诗人。C.戏剧家。D.散文家。

阅读理解
In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise.Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm.People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways.That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.

Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries.According to a recent study, the global market for low­carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade.China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution.It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high­speed trains.In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕榈油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest.In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.

Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets.First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions(排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy.Besides, stronger management of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development.Finally, governments can avoid the huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from the traditional model to a sustainable one.
The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single planet.That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.

(　　)1.The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that ________.
A．it makes the world warmer
B．it consumes natural resources
C．it brings severe damage to forests
D．it makes growth hard to continue
(　　)2.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A．China lacks wind and solar energy.
B．China is the leader of the low­carbon market.
C．High­speed trains are a low­carbon development.
D．Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.

(　　)3.To full develop the low­carbon markets, governments can ________.
A．cut public expenses
B．forbid carbon emissions
C．develop public resources
D．encourage energy conservation
(　　)4.We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to ________.
A．develop sustainable products
B．explore new natural resources
C．make full use of natural resources
D．deal with the major challenge

(　　)5.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To introduce a new business model.
B．To compare two business models.
C．To predict a change of the global market.
D．To advocate sustainable development.

【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了传统经济发展模式给地球带来了许多危害：破坏了森林、使全球气候变暖等。现在，低碳、可持续发展的经济模式成为许多国家的主流发展方向。中国政府正在充分发挥潜能大力开发新的低耗能、低排放的新能源市场。
1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段可知传统经济发展模式的危害，四个选项中只有B项未提到，故选B。
　　2．C　推理判断题。综合第二段的内容可知选C。
　　3．D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions(排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy.”可知选D。

4．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.”可知选A。
　　5．D　写作意图题。文章由传统经济发展模式的弊端引出可持续发展经济模式并阐述了可持续发展经济模式的好处及发展方向。故选D。

希望的灯一旦熄灭，生活刹那间变成了一片黑暗。——普列姆昌德

薄雾浓云愁永昼， 瑞脑消金兽。 佳节又重阳， 玉枕纱厨， 半夜凉初透。
东篱把酒黄昏后， 有暗香盈袖。 莫道不消魂， 帘卷西风， 人比黄花瘦。

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