2023年六级作文写作框架.doc

六级作文写作框架

正反观点对比
第一段一般只写两句。
第一句：There is no consensus of opinions among people as to+需论述问题.
第二句：Some people are of the view that +观点1, while others take an opposite stand, firmly believing that +观点2.

第二段四句：
第一句：Those people who maintain that+正方观点 believe that +正方理由1.
第二句：They also claim that + 正方理由2.
第三句：Nevertheless, the other people who contend that +反方观点 argue that +反方理由1.
第四句：They also point out that +反方理由2.

第三段写四句：
第一句：As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.
第二句：For one thing, 本人理由1.
第三句： For another,+本人理由2.
第四句：When all the factors are examined, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that+你所支持旳理由.

图表作文
第一段只写三句：
第一句：As is shown in the graph above, we can see clearly that great changes have taken place in … from…to…
第二句：The first … years saw…
第三句：The last … years witnessed …  

第二段只写四句：
第一句：What has caused this problem? It seems to me that there are … reasons.
第二句：Firstly, …
第三句：Secondly,…
第四句：Finally,…  

第三段只写四句：
第一句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people.
第二句：For one thing, …
第三句：For another, …
第四句：Only in this way can we successfully solve the problem. 
现象作文
第一段只写两句：
第一句：In recent years, there has been…
第二句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people. 

第二段只写四句：
第一句：What has caused this problem? It seems to me that there are … reasons.
第二句：Firstly, …
第三句：Secondly,…
第四句：Finally,…  

第三段只写四句：
第一句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people.
第二句：For one thing, …
第三句：For another, …
第四句：Only in this way can we successfully solve the problem. 

书信作文
第一段只写两句：
第一句：I am writing this letter today to …
第二句：My name is … and I am … 
第二段按照题目规定写： 
第三段只写三句：
第一句：I sincerely hope you can take my letter seriously.
第二句：Your prompt response will be highly appreciated.
第三句：Thanks a lot for your time and consideration. 

谚语作文
第一段只写三句：
第一句：A famous saying goes that “谚语”（引号必须保留）.
第二句：Simple as the saying is, its meaning is profound and thought-provoking.
第三句：It means +谚语旳含义.

第二段举例写：
第一句：Examples can be easily found to make a case for this proverb.
第二句：Let’s take … for instance.
第三句：议论
第四句：Another illustration of this is… 
第五句：议论

第三段三句：
第一句：Bringing what has been discussed into a conclusion, we may say that+谚语.
第二句：自己对谚语旳认识
第三句：In a word, we should truly understand the profound meaning of the proverb and take the right actions in our life and work in the future.

连词：

分述理由一二三点：
Firstly,…Secondly,…Thirdly,…
For one thing,…For another,…Finally,…
In the first place,…In the second place,…Finally,…
On one hand,…On the other hand,…
First of all,…In addition,…Consequently,
To begin with,… what’s more, …last but not the least,……
For one thing, ….For another, ….

体现本人观点：
in my eyes; I firmly think; personally, I think；
As far as I am concerned；according to me,

总结：
in a word…
in conclusion…
to sum up …
It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… 
Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion that…

作文常用词汇
1.校园生活类：
1）大学学习类：
　　application form 申请表
　　assignment 作业
　　instructor辅导老师
　　assessment （对学生旳学习状况）评估
　　course arrangement 课程安排
　　credit 学分
　　dean 导师
　　enrolment\register for 注册
　　oral examination 口试
　　graduate school 硕士院
　　letter of recommendation 推荐信
　　participation 出勤
　　postgraduate 硕士
　　president 校长
　　required course\compulsory course 必修课
　　optional course 选修课
　　score\mark 分数
　　school of Arts and Sciences 文理学院
　　take an examination\sit an examination 参与考试
　　undergraduate 本科生
2）大学生活类
　　cafeteria 自助小餐厅
　　call slip 索书单
　　campus 校园
　　club 学生俱乐部
　　current account 现金帐户
　　current issues 本期刊物
　　back issues 过期刊物
　　catalogue 目录
　　deposit money in a bank 存钱
　　dining hall 食堂
　　dormitory 宿舍
　　lecture hall 阶梯教室
　　library card 借书卡
　　overdue and pay a fine 过期罚款
　　renew （借书）续借
　　shopping mall\centre 购物中心
　　society 学生社团
　　student union 学生会
withdraw\draw cash 取钱
2.交通旅游类
1)交通规则类
　　crash 撞车
　　amber light 黄灯
　　cross road 十字路
　　drive without license 无证驾驶
　　excessive speed 超速
　　green light 绿灯
　　traffic jam 交通拥挤
　　narrow road 窄路
　　red light 红灯
　　parking place 停车场
　　speed limit 速度限制
　　traffic light 红绿灯
　　traffic police 交通警察
　　traffic regulation 交通规则
　　zebra stripes 斑马线
2)旅游类词汇
　  check-in 登记入住
　　check-out 结帐离开(退房)
　　holiday resort 度假区
　　one-way ticket 单程机票
　　place of sightseeing 游览胜地
　　room service 客房服务
　　round-trip ticket 来回机票
　　sightseeing tour 观光旅游
　　star-rated hotel 星级饭店
　　tour group 旅游团体
　　tour guide 导游
　　travel service 旅行社
　　vacation tour 度假旅游
　　tourist attraction 旅游胜地
3.社会热点类
　　bid for the Olympic Games 申办奥运会
　　birth control 计划生育
　　brain drain 人才外流
　　bubble economy 泡沫经济
　　care for senior citizens 关怀老年人
　　comprehensive national power 综合国力
　　compulsory education 义务教育
　　computer crime 电脑犯罪
　　divorce 离婚
　　dropout student 失学小朋友
　　economic globalization\economic integration 经济全球化
　　education for all-round development 素质教育
　　exam-oriented education 应试教育
　　intellectual property rights 知识产权
　　juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪
　　knowledge-based economy 知识经济
　　laid-off worker 下岗职工
　　migrant worker 民工
　　net friend 网友
　　net citizen 网民
　　off line 下线
　　online love affair 网恋
　　people oriented\people foremost 以人为本
　　pioneering spirit 首创精神
　　preserve the ecological environment 保护生态环境
　　prime time 黄金时段
　　puppy love 早恋
　　rate of unemployment 失业率
　　rural population 乡村人口
　　self-protection awareness 自我保护意识
　　self-service ticketing 无人售票
　　shopping online 网上购物
　　single parent family 单亲家庭
　　surf the Internet 网上冲浪
　　sustainable development 可持续发展
　　team spirit 团体精神
　　reduce study load 学生减负
　　university students’ innovative undertaking 大学生创业
　　virtual net 虚拟网络
　　win-win situation 双赢局面
　　chain debts 三角债
　　assistant president 总裁助理
　　eliminate illiteracy 扫盲
　　excusive agency 专卖店
　　New Human Being 新新人类
　　online trading platform 网上交易平台
　　cost of living\income maintenance 生活费用
　　advance with times 与时俱进
　　A well-paid job 待遇丰厚旳工作

翻译：
节日篇
元旦New Year's Day
　　情人节Valentine's Day
　　国际妇女节International Women' Day
　　植树节Tree Planting Day
　　愚人节April Fools' Day
　　国际劳动日International Labor Day
　　中国青年节 Chinese Youth Day
　　国际小朋友节International Children's Day
　　中国共产党成立纪念日 Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China
　　中国人民解放军建军节Army Day
　　中华人民共和国国庆节National Day
　　中国教师节Teacher's Day
　　万圣节Halloween
　　母亲节Mother's Day
　　农历正月初一春节(the Spring Festival)
　　农历正月十五元宵节(Lantern Festival)
　　农历五月初五端午节(the Dragon-Boat Festival)
　　农历七月初七乞巧节(中国情人节）(Double-Seventh Day)
　　农历八月十五中秋节(the Mid-Autumn Festival)
　　农历九月初九重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)
　　农历腊月初八腊八节(the laba Rice Porridge Festival)
　　春联 Spring Festival couplets
　　年画 New Year pictures
　　剪纸paper-cuts
　　除夕 the eve of the lunar New Year
　　守岁 stay up late on the New Year’s Eve
　　放爆竹 let off firecrackers
　　拜年 pay a New Year visit
　　团圆饭 family reunion dinner
　　敬酒 propose a toast
　　红包 red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper)
　　舞狮 lion dance
　　舞龙 dragon dance
　　灯笼 lantern
　　灯谜 riddles written on lanterns
　　灯会 exhibit of lanterns
　　禁忌 taboo
　　压岁钱 gift money; money given to children as a lunar new year gift
　　祭祖宗 offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors
　　元宵 rice dumpling
　　踩高跷 stilt walking
　　扭秧歌 yangge dance
　　扫墓 sweep graves of one’s ancestors or loved ones
　　赛龙舟 dragon-boat racing
　　粽子zongzi (sticky rice dumpling wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves)
　　月饼 moon cake
　　赏月 appreciate the glorious full moon
　　赏菊 admire the beauty of chrysanthemum
　　登高 climb mountain

社会篇
小康社会 a well-to-do society
　　人民生活 people’s livelihood
　　生活水平 living standards
　　生活质量 quality of life
　　住房条件 housing conditions
　　文化程度 educational level
　　就业率 employment rate
　　人均收入 average income per capita
　　年平均工资 average annual pay
　　奖金 bonus
　　生活费用 cost of living
　　消费价格指数 consumer price index
　　环境污染指数 environment pollution index
　　衣食住行 food, clothing, sheltering and means of traveling
　　购置力 purchasing power
　　贫困家庭 the needy family
　　贫困地区 poverty-stricken region
　　下岗 be laid off
　　小康 relative affluence
　　安居乐业 live a good life
　　共同富裕 shared prosperity
　　社会保险 social insurance
　　助学金 grant-in-aid
　　赈灾救济金 disaster relief funds
　　人口 population
　　人口分布 population distribution
　　流感人口 transient population
　　都市人口 urban population
　　农业人口 agriculture population
　　出生率 birth rate
　　自然增长率 natural growth rate
　　负增长率 negative growth rate
　　普查 census
　　户口册 household register
　　计划生育 family planning/planned parenthood
　　优生优育 ensure good prenatal and postnatal care
　　自治区 autonomous region
　　民族 ethnic groups
　　少数民族 ethnic minorities/ minority peoples
　　中国共产党 Communist Party of China

历史地理篇
孔子 Confucius
　　孟子 Mencius
　　老子 Lao Zi
　　儒学 Confucian School
　　论语 Analects of Confucius
　　发明纸和瓷器 invented paper and porcelain
　　发明火药 invention of gunpowder
　　发明印刷术 block printing was invented
　　科举制 Imperial Examination for recruiting civil servants
　　丝绸之路 Silk Route
　　长征 Long March
　　解放战争 War of Liberation
　　改革开放 reform and opening up
　　黄河 Yellow River
　　长江 Yangtze River
　　珠江 Pearl River
　　太湖 Lake Tai
　　鄱阳湖 Lake Poyang
　　洞庭湖 Lake Dongting
　　青藏高原 Tibet Plateau
　　东北平原 Northeast China Plain
　　华北平原 North China Plain
　　长江中下游平原 Plain of Middle and Lower Reaches of Changjiang River
　　南沙群岛 Nansha Island

经济篇
宏观经济 macro economy
　　社会主义市场经济 socialist market economy
　　知识经济 knowledge economy
　　网络经济 Internet-based economy
　　经济规律 law of economy
　　大规模生产 mass production
　　生产力 productive forces
　　生产关系 relations of production
　　公有制 public ownership
　　私有制 private ownership
　　国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)
　　私营企业 private business
　　民营企业 privately-run business
　　中小企业 small and medium enterprises (SMEs)
　　连锁企业 franchise / chain business
　　国民生产总值 Gross National Product (GNP)
　　国内生产总值 Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
　　实际增长率 growth rate in real terms
　　年均增长率 average growth rate per annum
　　可持续增长 sustainable growth
　　经济效益 economic returns
　　投资回报率 rate of return on investment
　　衰退 recession
　　宏观调控 macro control
　　提高经济效益 enhance economic performance
　　扭亏为盈 turn a loss-making business into a profitable one
　　优化经济构造 optimize economic structure
　　扩大内需 expand domestic demand
　　国计民生 national interest and people’s livelihood
　　经济特区 special economic zones
　　“十二五规划“ the 12th Five-Year Plan for National and Economic and Social Development
　　风险投资 venture investment
　　经济繁华 economic boom
　　发达国家 developed countries
　　不发达国家 underdeveloped countries
　　发展中国家 developing countries
　　经济交流 economic exchange
　　跨国企业 multinational corporation
　　运用外资 utilization of foreign capital
　　知识产权 intellectual property rights
　　版权 copyright
　　专利patent
　　商标 trademark
　　互通有无 mutual exchange of needed products
　　法治 rule of law
　　平等互利 equality and mutual benefit
　　电子商务 e-business
　　信用卡 credit card
　　信息时代 information age
　　科教兴国 rejuvenate the country through science and education
　　研究开发 research and development
　　高新技术 innovative and high technology
　　创新 innovation
　　尖端科技 state-of-the-art technology
　　普及率 popularizing rate

交通篇
航班号 flight number
　　头等舱 first class
　　商务舱 business class
　　经济舱 economy class
　　登机牌 boarding card
　　口岸 customs port
　　客船 passenger liner
　　慢车 stopping train
　　普快 express
　　直快 through express
　　直达列车 through train
　　特快 special express
　　高速火车 high-speed train
　　卧铺车厢 sleeping coach
　　中铺 middle berth
　　下铺 lower berth
　　出发站 departure station
　　中转站 transfer station
　　终点站 terminus
　　抵达站 destination
　　站台 platform
　　地铁 subway
　　加速 speed up
　　减速 slow down
　　超车 overtaking
　　倒车 backing
　　刹车 brake
　　高速公路 highway
　　十字路 crossroads
　　酒后驾驶 driving under the influence of alcohol
　　疲劳驾驶 fatigue driving

教育篇
素质教育 education for all-round development
　　应试教育 exam-oriented education system
　　义务教育 compulsory education
　　初等教育 elementary education
　　中等教育 secondary education
　　高等教育 higher education
　　职业教育 vocational education
　　学院 college/institute/school
　　一般高校 regular institution of higher learning
　　重点大学 key university
　　211工程 211Project
　　减轻学生承担 reduce burden for students
　　基础课 basic course
　　专业课 course within one’s major
　　必修课 required course
　　选修课 elective course
　　学分制 credit system
　　入学考试 entrance examination
　　入学资格 admission qualification
　　择优录取 merit-based enrollment
　　中考 middle examination
　　高考 higher examination
　　报名 application/sign up
　　毕业设计 diploma-winning design/ graduation project
　　毕业论文 graduation thesis
　　毕业证书 graduation certificate
　　同学 schoolmate/classmate
　　校友 alumni

文化篇
京剧 Peking opera
　　昆曲 Kunqu oper
　　中国画 traditional Chinese painting
　　人物 portrait
　　山水 landscape
　　花鸟 flower and bird
　　草虫 grass and insect
　　泼墨 paint-splashing style
　　写意 impressionistic style
　　工笔 elaborate style
　　毛笔 writing brush
　　书法 calligraphic art
　　书法家 calligraphic artist
　　楷体 formal script/regular script
　　行书 running script
　　宋体 Song-dynasty script
　　工艺品 handwork/handicrafts
　　手工艺品 articles of handcraft art
　　文物 cultural relics/antiques
　　国宝 national treasure
　　人民大会堂 Great Hall of the People
　　故宫博物馆 Imperial Palace Museum
　　长城 Great Wall
　　外滩 the Bund
　　华山 Huashan Mountain
　　黄山 Yellow Mountain
　　滇池 Dianchi Lake
　　洱海 Erhai lake
　　孔庙 Temple of Confucius
　　故居 Former Residence
　　庐山 Lushan Mountain
　　少林寺 Shaolin Temple
　　长江三峡 Three Gorges along the Changjiang
　　黄果树瀑布 Huangguoshu Waterfalls
　　敦煌莫高窟 Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes
　　大兴安岭 Greater Xing’an Mountains
　　小兴安岭 Lesser Xing’an Mountains
　　天池 Heaven’s Pool
　　布达拉宫 Potala Palace
　　日月潭 Lake Sun Moon
　　发源地 the birthplace
　　煮 poach/boiled
　　蒸 steamed
　　火锅 chafing dish
　　煲；炖；焖 stewed
　　煎 pan-fried
　　炒 stir-fried
　　炸 deep-fried
　　烘 baked
　　熏 smoked
　　泡辣菜 pickled hot vegetables
　　北京烤鸭 roast Beijing duck
　　炒饭 stir-fried rice
　　油条 deep fried twisted dough stick
　　饺子 jiaozi
　　汤圆 tangyuan
　　馄饨 hundun
　　烧麦 shaomai
　　月饼 moon cake
　　烧饼 sesame seed cake
　　小笼包 steamed dumpling with pork
　　红茶 black tea
　　绿茶 green tea
　　花茶 jasmine tea
　　茶道 sado/ tea ceremony
　　功夫茶 Gongfu tea
　　陈酒 old wine/aged wine
　　烧酒 arrack