初中英语一轮复习语法精讲（冠词）.docx

冠词（Article）是一种虚词，在句子中一般不重读，本身不能独立使用，只能与名词放在一起（一般用于名词之前 ）帮助说明名词所指的人或事物，包含不定冠词（a/an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词（/）。
1、冠词分类及读法：
定冠词（the）用来限定这个冠词后面的名词是某个特定的事物；不定冠词（例如英语中的a/an）用来表示这个冠词后面的名词是指某一类特定事物中的一个，但具体是哪一个并不重要；此外有些特定场合不用冠词，即通常所谓的“零冠词”。
2、不定冠词a / an的用法：
不定冠词a / an用在单数可数名词的前面,a[ə]用在辅音音标开头的词前面; an [ən,æn]用在元音音标开头的词的前面。
a dog a dogs   
water a water   a glass of water  thress glasses of water
a dog, a pig, an apple,  an hour,  an L
不定冠词的基本用法：
(1)表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如：There is a dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。)
(2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如：A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。)
(3) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如：He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。)
(4) 表示“一”这个数量。如：There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)
(5)几个用不定冠词的习语：a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等
3、定冠词the的用法：定冠词the[ðə](元音音标前读[ði])用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。
定冠词的基本用法：
(1)表示特指的人或事物。如：The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)
There is a girl on the playground, the girl is Mary.
(2)指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如：Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)
(3)复述前面提到过的人或事物。如：There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人,  那个人叫罗伯特。)
(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)
(5)用在表示方位的名词前面。如：There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地  区将会刮大风。)
(6)在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如：Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去？) / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近)
(7)常用在西洋乐器名称的前面。如：He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴)
(8)用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如：I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山)
(9)用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如：He is from the United States of America.(他来自美利坚合众国)
(10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如：The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山)
(11)same之前一般用the。如：Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样)
(12)几个用定冠词的习语：at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。
4、一些不用冠词的情况：
(1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如：China is a very large country.(中国是个大国) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水)
(2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)
(2)周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如：He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树)
(4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如：Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聪明)
(5)三餐饭前不用。如：We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)
(6)节、假日前一般不用。如：On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物)
(7)球类、棋类名词前不用。如：The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球)
(8)城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。如：They are now at People’s Cinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院)
(9) 一些习惯用语中不用。如：⑴ at / to / from / out of / after / for school; ⑵ in / to / for / after class; ⑶in / to / out of / into bed; ⑷ after / at/ from / out of / to work;  ⑸ at / to sea; ⑹ in / from / down / to town; ⑺ at / from home; ⑻ at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper; ⑼ at night/noon/midnight; ⑽ on foot; ⑾ go to school/bed; ⑿ on top of; ⒀ in front of; ⒁ on show/display/duty/watch; ⒂ in / out of hospital; ⒃ at all; ⒄ on/in time; ⒅ at first/last/once; ⒆ in Chinese/English,etc.; ⒇ take care of
综合练习
1．According to the public notice from the police station, ____$5,000 reward will be offered for ____ return of the stolen cultural relics.
A．a; the B．/; the C．a; a D．/; a
2．_______ meeting held last night was _________ great success.
A．A; a B．A ; / C．The ; a D．The ; /
3．---It is reported that there is _____ big breakthrough in the cancer treatment．
---If only my son could be brought back to _____ life!
A．a; / B．/; a C．the; the D．a; the
4．What ________ wonderful time we had at ________ Smiths’ then!
A．a; 不填 B．a; the C．不填；the D．the; the
5． Let's go to ________ cinema — that'll take your mind off the problem for ______ while.
A．the; the          B．the; a              C．a; the         D．a; a
6．The carnival celebrations in Venice are ________ good chance to have _______ fun.
A．/; the B．a; a C．the; / D．a; /
7．I didn’t make sense of ________ poem until I read it ________ third time.
A．the; the          B．a; the             C．the; a             D．a, a
8．In _______ gesture to help preserve history, the locals are repairing _______ large percentage of the historic sites steadily.
A．the; the B．a; a C．the; a D．/; the
9．Life the like ________ ocean; Only ________strong-willed can reach the other shore.
A．an; the           B．the; a            C．the ;/            D．/ ; a
10．Though I’m not interested in ____ history, I am really fond of ____ history of Tang Dynasty.
A．the; a B．/ ; the C．/ ; a D．a ; the
11．Little Brown lives in _____ A-shaped house near the town. It is easy for him to attend
______ school.
A．the; 不填 B．不填; a C．an; a D．an; 不填
12．In________eyes of children,playing on the Internet can only bring them________great fun.
A．the;a            B．不填;a            C．the;不填         D．不填;不填
13．He was walking along the beach. All of _____ sudden, he saw a beautiful girl dancing ______ music.
A．a; with          B．/ ; with             C．/ ; to           D．a ; to
14．India attained ________ independence in 1947, after ________ long struggle.
A．不填； a       B．the;  a              C．an; 不填      D．an;  the
15．After I saw the film Aftershock by Feng xiaogang , I have    better understanding of     life.
A．a; \ B．a; the     C．the ; a       D．the ; \

参考答案
1．According to the public notice from the police station, ____$5,000 reward will be offered for ____ return of the stolen cultural relics.
A．a; the B．/; the C．a; a D．/; a
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。前文泛指任何一笔5000美元的奖金，故用不定冠词。下文return后的修饰词of the stolen cultural relics，可知是特指某物的归还，为特指，用定冠词。选A。
2．_______ meeting held last night was _________ great success.
A．A; a B．A ; / C．The ; a D．The ; /
【答案】C
【解析】考查冠词。The meeting为特指昨天晚上举行的会议；success作为成功的人或事，为可数名词，选C。
3．---It is reported that there is _____ big breakthrough in the cancer treatment．
---If only my son could be brought back to _____ life!
A．a; / B．/; a C．the; the D．a; the
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。a big breakthrough一个大的突破；bring back to life使活泼, 使生动, 使苏醒，根据句意选A。
4．What ________ wonderful time we had at ________ Smiths’ then!
A．a; 不填 B．a; the C．不填；the D．the; the
【答案】B
【解析】句意：那时我们在史密斯家有一段多么美好的日子呀！第一空：time 在这指日子，时期。是可数名词所以用a,第二空：the+ Smiths,指史密斯一家，所以选B。
5． Let's go to ________ cinema — that'll take your mind off the problem for ______ while.
A．the; the           B．the; a             C．a; the          D．a; a
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查冠词。go to the cinema表示去看电影的意思；for a while过一会儿的意思，故本题选B。
6．The carnival celebrations in Venice are ________ good chance to have _______ fun.
A．/; the B．a; a C．the; / D．a; /
【答案】D
【解析】考查冠词的用法。第一空是泛指一次好机会，所以用不定冠词a，第二空为固定短语have fun 玩的高兴，所以选D。
7．I didn’t make sense of ________ poem until I read it ________ third time.
A．the; the          B．a; the          C．the; a       D．a, a
【答案】C
【解析】C 考察关系。句义：把那首诗又读了一遍，我才弄懂它的意思。由句义可知，第一空表示特指，第二空a third表示“再一，又一”。
8．In _______ gesture to help preserve history, the locals are repairing _______ large percentage of the historic sites steadily.
A．the; the B．a; a C．the; a D．/; the
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定短语和冠词。句意“为了保护历史，当地居民正在修复一大批历史古迹。”in a gesture to do sth.“为了做某事”，是固定搭配；排除A、C；泛指一大批用a large percentage of...。故选B。
9．Life the like ________ ocean; Only ________strong-willed can reach the other shore.
A．an; the           B．the; a            C．the ;/            D．/ ; a
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。句意：生活就像一个大海，只有意志坚强的人可以到达彼岸。ocean为可数名词，这里ocean表示泛指，且首字母发音为元音因素，所以选择不定冠词an。the+形容词表达一类人。故选A项。
10．Though I’m not interested in ____ history, I am really fond of ____ history of Tang Dynasty.
A．the; a B．/ ; the C．/ ; a D．a ; the
【答案】B
【解析】冠词题。第一空学科前不用冠词；第二空特指唐朝历史用定冠词。 句意：虽然我对历史不感兴趣但是我喜欢唐朝历史。 选B
11．Little Brown lives in _____ A-shaped house near the town. It is easy for him to attend
______ school.
A．the; 不填 B．不填; a C．an; a D．an; 不填
【答案】D
【解析】考查冠词。a A-shaped house一座A型的房子，attend school上学，故选D。
12．In________eyes of children,playing on the Internet can only bring them________great fun.
A．the;a          B．不填;a           C．the;不填            D．不填;不填
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：考查冠词。in the eyes of在……的眼中；所以第一空应该填the；fun是不可数名词，所以第二空不填冠词；可知选C项。
13．He was walking along the beach. All of _____ sudden, he saw a beautiful girl dancing ______ music.
A．a; with             B．/ ; with           C．/ ; to            D．a ; to
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定用法。句意：他在海滩上散步。突然，他看见一个漂亮的女孩随着音乐跳舞。all of a sudden为固定搭配，意为“突然地，出乎意料地”，而dance to music 为固定搭配，意为“随着音乐跳舞”。故选D。
14．India attained ________ independence in 1947, after ________ long struggle.
A．不填； a         B．the;  a        C．an; 不填             D．an;  the
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。句意：印度在一段长时间的斗争之后，在1947年获得了独立。independence意为：独立，不可数；a long struggle一段长时间的斗争。故选A项。
15．After I saw the film Aftershock by Feng xiaogang , I have    better understanding of     life.
A．a; \ B．a; the     C．the ; a       D．the ; \
【答案】 A
【解析】 考查冠词：句意：我看过冯小刚导演的电影《唐山大地震》后，我更好的理解了生活。第一空填a，have a better understanding of“对…有更好的理解”，第二空life前面不加冠词，选A。