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Specialized English for AutomobileUnit oneAutomobile Structure第1页ContentsI.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationIII.Exercises第2页vTypesofModernAutomobilesv1）cars v2）passengercarsv3）trucksv4）tractorsandvehiclecombinationv5）specialtypevehiclev6）Self-dumpingcarv7）farmvehiclev8)off-roadvehicleI.Pre-questions第3页SpecialvehiclecarTractorTruckPassengerCars第4页2、with respect to engine arrangement and driving type engine arrangement and driving typediagramfront engine、front-wheel drive front engine、rear-wheel driveRear engine、rear-wheel driveI.Pre-questions第5页vDoyouknowwhobuiltthefirstcarintheworldandwhen?vKarlBenzvIn1886I.Pre-questions第6页vHowmanymainpartsdoestheautomobileconsistof?1-engine2-chassis 3-body4-electrical systemI.Pre-questions第7页vWhichiscalledthe“heart”ofautomobile?vAnenginethatisusedtosupplypowerforanautomobilevWhatisthechassiscomposedof?vdrivingsystem,runninggear,steeringsystemandbrakesystem.I.Pre-questions第8页DrivingsystemBrakesystemSteeringsystemrunninggearI.Pre-questions第9页vWhatistheelectricalsystemcomposedof?vTheelectricsystemincludesthebattery,generator,startingsystem,ignitionsystem,lightingsystem,hornsystem,radioandotherdevices.I.Pre-questions第10页vWhatarethefunctionsofthefoursystems?vDrivingsystemworksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels.vSuspensionsystemsfunctionistoincreasestrengthanddurabilityofcomponentsandtomeetcustomersrequirementsforridingcomfortanddrivingsafety.vSteeringsystemisusedtocontrolthedrivingdirectionofanautomobile.vBrakesystemisusedtoretardthemotionofthevehicle.I.Pre-questions第11页vInotherwords,anyautomobileiscomposedofthesectionssuchasengine,chassis,bodyandelectricsystem.vInotherwords换句话说换句话说vbecomposedof由由.组成组成v译文：译文：换句话说，任何一辆汽车都是由发动机、换句话说，任何一辆汽车都是由发动机、底盘、车身和电器设备组成。底盘、车身和电器设备组成。II.Text Explanation第12页vInotherwordsvInotherwords,theyremainrelativelyconstantorstatic.换句话说，它们相对稳定、静止。vInotherwords,wehaveadheredtoscientificsocialism.也就是说，我们坚持了科学社会主义。vbecomposedofvNavymustbecomposedofsurfaceshipunitandsubmarineunit.v海军一定是由水面舰艇部队和潜艇部队组成。II.Text Explanation第13页vTheinternalcombustionengineburnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionor“explosion”intorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.vTheinternalcombustionengine内燃机内燃机vConvert.into.使转变使转变,转换转换.vPropelvt.推进推进,驱使驱使v译文：译文：内燃机在汽缸内燃烧燃料，然后把燃烧或者内燃机在汽缸内燃烧燃料，然后把燃烧或者“爆炸爆炸”所产生膨胀力变成旋转力，用以推进车辆所产生膨胀力变成旋转力，用以推进车辆前进。前进。II.Text Explanation第14页vConvert.into.vTheyconvertedthegarageintoatheater.他们将车库改成戏院。他们将车库改成戏院。vconvertwaterintoice.v将水变成冰将水变成冰vconvertingfeetintometers.v将英尺换算成公尺将英尺换算成公尺II.Text Explanation第15页vBrakesystemisabalancedsetofmechanicalandhydraulicdevicesusedtoretardthemotionofthevehiclebymeansoffriction.vHydraulichai drlikadj.液压液压,水力水力vRetardri tdvt.延迟延迟,使减速使减速,妨碍妨碍vFriction friknn.摩擦摩擦,摩擦力摩擦力v译文：译文：制动系统是一套平衡机械和液压设备，它制动系统是一套平衡机械和液压设备，它可经过摩擦来阻止车辆运动。可经过摩擦来阻止车辆运动。II.Text Explanation第16页vbymeansof用用.方式（方法），依靠方式（方法），依靠vTheysucceededbymeansofperseverance.v他们依靠坚忍不拔而取得成功。他们依靠坚忍不拔而取得成功。vHealwaysgoestoschoolbymeansofbikev他总是骑自行车上学他总是骑自行车上学II.Text Explanation第17页II.Text ExplanationuIn1956,theNo.1AutoPlantwasestablishedinChangchun,andturnedoutthefirstbatchofliberationautomobilesforourcountry.vestablishvt.建立建立,设置设置,确定确定vturnedoutvt.生产生产,起床起床,翻出翻出,制造制造,关掉关掉v译文：译文：在在1956年，一汽在长春成立了，而且为我年，一汽在长春成立了，而且为我们国家生产出了第一批解放牌轿车。们国家生产出了第一批解放牌轿车。第18页vturnoutvAvastcrowdturnedouttowatchthematch.v大群观众到场观看比赛。大群观众到场观看比赛。vIfthedayturnsoutwetwemayhavetochangeourplans.v万一下雨话，我们可能得改变计划。万一下雨话，我们可能得改变计划。II.Text Explanation第19页 III.ExercisesuTranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.vchassisvdrivingsystemvinternalcombustionenginevsteeringsystemvbrakingsystemvclutchvgearboxvuniversaljointvpropellershaftvgeneratoru底盘底盘u传动系统传动系统u内燃机内燃机u转向系统转向系统u制动系统制动系统u离合器离合器u变速箱变速箱u万向节万向节u驱动轴驱动轴u发电机发电机第20页vIdentifytheEnglishnamesofclutchaccordingtothepicture.III.Exercises1-engine;2-clutch;3-gearbox;4-propellershaft;5-differential;6-rearaxle第21页vThemotorvehicleengineisbasicallyadeviceforconvertingtheinternalenergystoredinitsfuelintomechanicalenergy.Itisclassifiedasaninternalcombustionenginebyvirtueofthisenergyconversiontakingplacewithintheenginecylinders.Sincetheterm”energy”impliesthecapacitytoperformwork,theengineisthusabletopropelthevehiclealongtheroadand,withinlimits,overcomeunwantedoppositiontoitsmotionarisingfromrollingfrictionandairdrag.Tofacilitatethisprocesstheengineiscombinedwithatransmissionsystem.III.Exercises第22页vI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.vIneffect,thedrivingsystemworksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels.v实际上，传动系统作用是将发动机动力传递到驱动车轮。实际上，传动系统作用是将发动机动力传递到驱动车轮。vTheelectricsystemsupplieslightinganddrivingpowerfortheautomobile.v电气系统可为汽车提供照明和驱动电力。电气系统可为汽车提供照明和驱动电力。vThebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearanceforthevehicle.v车身式样为汽车提供了诱人，多彩，当代外观形象。车身式样为汽车提供了诱人，多彩，当代外观形象。III.Exercises第23页v汽车主要由四个部分组成，他们是：发动机、底盘、车身汽车主要由四个部分组成，他们是：发动机、底盘、车身和电气设备。和电气设备。vAnautomobileisgenerallycomposedoffoursectionssuchasengine,chassis,bodyandelectricalsystem.v传动系由离合器、变速箱、传动轴、后桥、差速器、从动传动系由离合器、变速箱、传动轴、后桥、差速器、从动轮组成。轮组成。vThe transmission system consists of clutch,gearbox,propeller shaft,rear axle,differential andthedrivingroadwheels.。III.ExercisesII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.第24页v气门机构作用是及时地吸入新鲜混合气和排出废气门机构作用是及时地吸入新鲜混合气和排出废气气vThevalvegearprovidestimelyadmissionofthefreshchargeintothecylindersandexhaustofspentgasesfromthem.III.Exercises第25页Specialized English for Automobile第26页Specialized English for AutomobileUnit 2-1Main Components of Engine 第27页ContentsPre-questionsII.TextExplanationIII.Exercises第28页I.Pre-questionsTheheartofautomobile第29页vWhatimpressionoftheengine?complicatedpowerI.Pre-questions第30页vWhataretheretypesoftheengine?velectricmotors,steamengines,andinternalcombustionenginesvWhatstheinternalcombustionengine?vburnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.I.Pre-questions第31页Single-cylinder enginecylinderpistonPiston pinConnecting rodcrankshaftOil pipeIntake valveExhaust valve Timing gearOil pump第32页vwhatisthepowersourceofautomobileandhowtoproduce?pistonpistonpinconnectingrodcrankshaftEnginePowerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.Theconnectingrodtransmitstheup-and-downmotionofthepistontothecrankshaft,whichchangesitintorotarymotion.I.Pre-questions第33页vTheenginecomprisestwomechanismandfivesystems,whatarethey?vcrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanism,vvalvegear,vcoolingsystem,vlubricatingsystem,vfuelsystem,vstartingsystem,vignitionsystemI.Pre-questions第34页connecting rodflywheelcrankshaftpistonintake valveexhaust valvepush rodtappettiming gears Valve gear Connecting rod 第35页Engine cooling system第36页Engine lubricating system第37页Fuel supply system第38页Valve gear第39页vWhatsthefunctionofthecrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanism?vItsfunctionistoconvertheatenergyintomechanicalenergyusedtodrivethevehicles.I.Pre-questions第40页vTheinternalcombustionengine,asitsnameindicates,burnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.v译文：译文：内燃机，内燃机，顾名思义顾名思义，就是燃料在气缸内部，就是燃料在气缸内部燃烧，而且把燃烧时膨胀力转化为驱动车辆旋转燃烧，而且把燃烧时膨胀力转化为驱动车辆旋转力。力。II.Text Explanation第41页vOfallautomobilecomponents,anautomobileengineisthemostcomplicatedassemblywithdominanteffectsonthefunctionofanautomobile.vcomplicated kmplikeitidvadj.复杂复杂,难解难解vdominance dm nnsn.优势优势,统治统治v译文：译文：汽车发动机是一切汽车部件中结构最复杂，汽车发动机是一切汽车部件中结构最复杂，对汽车功效起支配作用一个总成。对汽车功效起支配作用一个总成。II.Text Explanation第42页vItsfunctionistoconvertheatenergyintomechanicalenergyusedtodrivethevehicles.vConvertinto.转变；变换转变；变换v译文：译文：它作用就是将热能转换成机械能用来驱动它作用就是将热能转换成机械能用来驱动汽车汽车。II.Text Explanation第43页vConvert.into.v转变；变换转变；变换vThatbuildinghasbeenconvertedintoaschool.v那座楼房改成学校了。那座楼房改成学校了。v兑换兑换vIwanttoconvertsomeHongKongdollarsintoAmericandollars.v我想把一些港元换成美元。我想把一些港元换成美元。v改变信仰、党派或意见等改变信仰、党派或意见等vShemanagedtoconverthimtoheropinion.v她终于设法说服了他接收她意见。她终于设法说服了他接收她意见。II.Text Explanation第44页vPowerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.vlinear liniadj.线线,直线直线,线线性性vpiston pistnn.活塞活塞II.Text Explanation第45页vThepistonattachedtothetopofaconnectingrodbyapin,calledapistonpinorwristpin.vattachtov.连接连接vconnectingrod连杆连杆vpistonpin=wristpin活塞销活塞销II.Text Explanation第46页vTheconnectingrodtransmitstheup-and-downmotionofthepistontothecrankshaft,whichchangesitintorotarymotion.vtransmitto把把传到传到vwhichchangesitintorotarymotion定语从句定语从句II.Text Explanation第47页vdieselenginesvwaterpumpvtheignitiondistributorvoilpanvtiminggearvcrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanismvvalvegearvfuelsystemvexhaustpipevexhaustmanifoldIII.ExercisesTranslate the following expressions into Chinese.u柴油发动机u水泵u分电器u油底壳u正时齿轮u曲柄连杆机构u配气机构u燃油系统u排气管u排气歧管第48页v1-cylinderheadcoverv2-pistonv3-timingtoothedbeltv4-waterpumpv5-oilpanv6-oilpumpv7-crankshaftv8-flywheelv9-distributorv10-valveIII.Exercises第49页vThecrankshaftrepresentsthefinallinkintheconversionofreciprocatingmotionatthepistontooneofrotationattheflywheel.Inthecastofthemulti-cylinderengine,thecrankshafthastocontroltherelativemotionsofthepistons,whilereceivingtheirownimpulses.Aone-piececonstructionismostcommonlyusedforthemotor-vehiclecrankshaft,whichextendsthewholelengthoftheengineandmustthereforepossessconsiderablerigidity.III.Exercises第50页vThetiming-drivefortheenginevalvemechanismistakenfromthefrontendofthecrankshaft asisthepulleyandbeltdrivefortheengineauxiliaries,suchasthecoolingfanandthealternatorforelectricalsystem.attachedtotherearendofthecrankshaftistheengineflywheel.III.Exercises第51页vI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.v1Engineisthepowersourceoftheautomobile.Powerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.v发动机是汽车动力源发动机是汽车动力源.它经过汽缸内活塞线性运动产生它经过汽缸内活塞线性运动产生.v2Thefuelsystemworksaccordingtotherequirementsoftheengineasitprovidesanair-fuelmixturewhichmustbeinproportiontothespeedandloadplacedontheengine.v燃油系统作用是依据发动机转速和负荷提供一定百分比可燃油系统作用是依据发动机转速和负荷提供一定百分比可燃混合气以满足发动机需求。燃混合气以满足发动机需求。III.Exercises第52页v3Thevalvegearprovidestimelyadmissionofthefreshchargeintothecylindersandexhaustofspentgasesfromthem.v配气机构机构可定时将新鲜气体充入气缸，而且配气机构机构可定时将新鲜气体充入气缸，而且将废气排放出去。将废气排放出去。III.Exercises第53页v1发动机主要有两大机构五大系统组成。发动机主要有两大机构五大系统组成。vAnengineismainlycomposedoftwomechanismsandfivesystems.v2曲柄连杆机构主要包含机体组，活塞连杆组和曲轴飞曲柄连杆机构主要包含机体组，活塞连杆组和曲轴飞轮组。轮组。vThecrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanismmainlyconsistsoftheenginecrankcaseandcylinderblock,thepistonandconnectingrod,thecrankshaftandflywheel.III.ExercisesII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.第54页v3水泵工作时，能够将冷却液在发动机水套中和散热器水泵工作时，能够将冷却液在发动机水套中和散热器之间往返流动。之间往返流动。vWhenrevolving,thewaterpumpcirculatescoolantbetweentheenginewaterjacketsandtheradiator.III.Exercises第55页III.ExercisesvPrinciple of Four-stroke Engine1、intake stroke 2、compress stroke 3、power stroke 4、exhaust stroke IntakevalveExhaustvalve第56页Specialized English for Automobile第57页Specialized English for AutomobileUnit 2-2 Cylinder Block and Cylinder Head 第58页ContentsI.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationIII.Exercises第59页Engine Bodycrankcasecylinder blockcylinder headcylinderoil passage and water passageoil panThecylindergasket第60页vWhatistheengineblockcomprisedof?vthecylindersectionandthecrankcasesectionI.Pre-questionsthecylindercrankcase第61页I.Pre-questionsvHowmanytypeshastheenginearrangement,whatarethey?In-lineV-typeHorizontallyopposedtype第62页vWhatsthefunctionandthematerialofthecylinderhead?vFunction：SealthetopthecylinderandformthecombustionchamberwiththepistonandthecylindervMaterial:greyironoralloyironaluminumI.Pre-questions第63页cylinder gasket cylinder headcylinder coverpadto fit spark plugI.Pre-questions第64页vWhattypesofthecombustionchambersarethere?I.Pre-questionswedge-shapedbasin-shapedhemispherical第65页vTheengineblockisthemainsupportingstructuretowhichallotherpartsareattacheddirectlyorindirectly.vattachedt ttvt附上附上.vdirectlyadv.直接地直接地vIndirectlyadv.间接地间接地v译文：气缸体是主要支承部件，它能够将其它部译文：气缸体是主要支承部件，它能够将其它部件直接或间接装配在上面。件直接或间接装配在上面。II.Text Explanation反义词反义词第66页vThesurfacesaremachinedtoallowthepistonstomovewithminimumwearandfriction.vallowvt允许，认可允许，认可vallowsb.todosth.vallowdoingsth.vFriction friknn.摩擦摩擦,摩擦力摩擦力v译文：译文：加工出表面允许活塞在最小磨损和摩擦力下运动。加工出表面允许活塞在最小磨损和摩擦力下运动。II.Text Explanation第67页vAllow使使成为可能，允许成为可能，允许v近义词：近义词：permitvThewindfallallowedmetobuyahouse.v这意外之财使我这意外之财使我得以得以购置一幢房子。购置一幢房子。vAllowmetointroducemyself.v请请允许允许我自我介绍一下。我自我介绍一下。II.Text Explanation第68页vWiththeincreasedconcernforprovidinghigheroutputandlowerfuelconsumption,carmanufacturesaretryingtomakethevehiclelighter.vConcernvt.包括包括,关系到关系到n.关心关心,关注关注vconcernfor对对.关心关心/忧虑忧虑vconcernwith和和.相关（普通用相关（普通用.+beconcernedwith.）vconsumptionn.消费消费,消费量消费量v译文：译文：伴随对汽车产量和低燃耗关注度越来越高，汽伴随对汽车产量和低燃耗关注度越来越高，汽车生产厂家尽可能把汽车做轻一些。车生产厂家尽可能把汽车做轻一些。II.Text Explanation第69页vConcernvt.v1.(不用被动语态不用被动语态)关于关于v2.包括包括,关系到关系到;影响到影响到Theletterischieflyconcernedwithexportcommodities.这封信主要是关于出口商品。这封信主要是关于出口商品。Thenewsconcernsyourbrother.这消息与你弟兄相关。这消息与你弟兄相关。v3.使担心使担心;使不安使不安(+about/for)vTheboyspoorhealthconcernedhisparents.那男孩健康情况不佳那男孩健康情况不佳,使他父母亲忧虑。使他父母亲忧虑。Heisconcernedforhersafety.他担心她安全。他担心她安全。v4.使关心使关心(+about/with)vHewasveryconcernedabouther.他对她非常关心。他对她非常关心。II.Text Explanation第70页vItshouldbepaidattentiontothedirectionwhenfixing.vto是介词是介词,所以后面接名词以及动名词所以后面接名词以及动名词.vpayattentiontosth./doingsth.vPleasepayattentiontotakingcareofyourbaby.v请注意照料好你小孩请注意照料好你小孩.v译文：译文：应该注意装配时方向。应该注意装配时方向。II.Text Explanation第71页Cylinder gasketFunction：fitted between the cylinder block and cylinder head to seal the area between them and prevent leakage of gas,oil and water.Pay attention to the direction when fixing II.Text Explanation第72页vInordertomakethealuminumstrongerandlesslikelytowarp,certainmaterialsareaddedtothemetalorasteellinerplacedintheblock.vInorderto为了为了vWestartedearlyinordertoarrivebeforedark.v为了在天黑前抵达为了在天黑前抵达,我们很早就动身了。我们很早就动身了。II.Text Explanation第73页vwarpw:pvn.弯曲弯曲,歪曲歪曲vt.弄歪弄歪,使翘曲使翘曲vi.变弯变弯,变歪变歪vaddedtovincresed（本身）增加（本身）增加vaddedto(他人，别东西他人，别东西)增加增加v译文：译文：为了使铝制材料强度更高，尽可能降低弯为了使铝制材料强度更高，尽可能降低弯曲变形，可加入一定金属材料或者在缸体内镶钢曲变形，可加入一定金属材料或者在缸体内镶钢缸套。缸套。区分区分 II.Text Explanation第74页vcylinderblockvcylinderheadvoilpanvcylindergasketvcylinderlinervwedge-shapedcombustionchambervbasin-shapedcombustionchambervin-lineenginesvsparkplugsvinjectionIII.ExercisesTranslate the following expressions into Chinese.v气缸体气缸体v气缸盖气缸盖v油底壳油底壳v气缸垫气缸垫v缸套缸套v楔形燃烧室楔形燃烧室v盆形燃烧室盆形燃烧室v直列发动机直列发动机v火花塞火花塞v喷油器喷油器第75页III.Exercises1-cylinderheadcover;2-cylinderhead;3-cylindergasket;4-cylinderblock;5-oilpan第76页vIthaslongsincebeenestablishedpracticetocombinethecylinderblockandcrankcaseintoasingleunit,thisgenerallybeingtermed“monobloc”construction.Thehistoricaloriginsofthisformofconstructiondatebacktotheearly1920s,whentherewasageneraltrend towardssimplification oftheenginestructure.III.Exercises第77页vUntilthenthecylinderblockandcrankcasewereproducedasseparateunits,incastironandaluminumalloy respectively,andthenbolted together.Inrelationtomodernenginedesign,themonoblocconstruction providesaverynecessaryrigid foundationfortheengineandreducesmanufacturingcosts.III.Exercises第78页vI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.v1Inordertomakethealuminumstrongerandlesslikelytowarp,certainmaterialsareaddedtothemetalorasteellinerplacedintheblock.v为了使铝制缸体刚度更强和尽可能降低磨损，可将一些材为了使铝制缸体刚度更强和尽可能降低磨损，可将一些材料加入其中或者在缸体中安装缸套。料加入其中或者在缸体中安装缸套。v2Thecylindergasketsfunctionistosealtheareabetweentheman
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