2023年同等学力英语真题.doc

2023年同等学力人员申请硕士学位
英语水平全国统一考试试题

Paper One 试卷一
(90 minutes)

PartⅠ Dialogue Communication (10 minutes，10 points，1 for each)

(略）

PartⅡ Vocabulary (20 minutes，10 points，0. 5 for each)

Section A
Directions； In this section there are 10 sentences，each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

11. The news reports completely overlooked the more profound political implications of the events.
A. neglected B. foresaw C. explored D. assessed
12. Teachers and nurses who deal with children are obliged to report cases of suspected child abuse to authorities.
A. reminded B. expected C. compelled D. requested
13. Your grade will be based in large part on the originality of your ideas.
A. creativity B. popularity C. feasibility D. flexibility
14. We suspect there is a quite deliberate attempt to sabotage the elections and undermine the electoral commission.
A. conscious B. desperate C. clumsy D. intentional
15. So strange were the circumstances of my story that I can scarcely believe myself to have been a party to them.
A. just B. hardly C. almost D. definitely
16. Smoke particles and other air pollutants are often trapped in the atmosphere, thus forming dirty fog.
A. constrained B. caught C. concealed D. concentrated
17. Employees in chemical factories are entitled to receive extra pay for doing hazardous work.
A. poisonous B. difficult C. dangerous D. harmful
18. Curt Carlson, the wealthiest man in Minnesota, owned a hotel and travel company with sales reaching in the neighborhood of $ 9 billion.
A. precisely B. merely C. substantially D. approximately
19. The tendency of the human body to reject foreign matter is the main obstacle to successful organ transplantation.
A. factor B. constituent C. barrier D. break
20. Whenever you need Tom, he is always there whether it be an ear or a helping hand, so you can always lean on him.
A. count on B. benefit from C. stand for D. sticks to

Section B
Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine- scoring ANSWER SHEET.

21. It______ without saying that consumers would be happier if prices were lower.
A. takes B. appears C. makes D. goes
22. The world economic recession put an______ end to the steel market upturn that began in 2023.
A. irregular B. illegal C. abrupt D. absurd
23. I'm______ about how you discovered my website, and am very glad if you enjoy it.
A. mysterious B. furious C. serious D. curious
24. The Labor Party's electoral strategy, based on an______ with other smaller parties, has proved successful.
A. acquaintance B. integration C. alliance D. intimacy
25. The new aircraft will be______ to a test of temperatures of —65°C and 120°C.
A. suspended B. suppressed C. summoned D. subjected
26. The money I got from teaching on the side was a useful______ to my ordinary income.
A. profit B. supplement C. subsidy D. replacement
27. Chinese people are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining ______ of tooth decay.
A. treatment B. incidence C. consequence D. misfortune
28. Many countries have conservation programs to prevent certain______ of fish from becoming extinct.
A. species B. sources C. numbers D. members
29. Susan never took any cookery courses； she learned cooking by______ useful tips from TV cookery programs.
A. picking up B. bringing up C. putting up D. pulling up
30. The President______ his deputy to act for him while he was abroad.
A. promoted B. substituted C. authorized D. displaced.

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 for each)

Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 6 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

Passage One
Until last spring, Nia Parker and the other kids in her neighborhood commuted to school on Bus 59. But as fuel prices rose, the school district needed to find a way to cut its transportation costs. So the school’s busing company redrew its route map, eliminating Nia’s bus altogether. Now Nia and her neighbors travel the half mile to school via a “walking school bus ” 一a group of kids, supervised by an adult or two, who make the walk together.
Like the rest of us, school districts are feeling pinched by rising fuel costs—and finding new ways to adapt. The price of diesel fuel has gone up 34 percent in the past two years. For the typical American school district, bus bills total 5 percent of the budget. As administrators look to trim, busing is an inviting target, since it doesn’t affect classroom instruction (or test scores). More than one third of American school administrators have eliminated bus stops or routes in order to stay within budget.
Many parents are delighted to see their kids walking to school，partly because many did so themselves: according to a 1969 survey, nearly half of school kids walked or biked to school, compared with only 16 percent in 2023. Modern parents have been unwilling to let kids walk to school for fear of traffic, crime or simple bullying, but with organized adult supervision, those concerns have diminished.
Schools and busing companies are finding other ways to save. In rural areas where busing is a must，some schools have even chosen four-day school weeks. Busing companies instruct drivers to eliminate extra stops from routes and to turn off the engine while idling. They are also using computer software to determine the most fuel-efficient routes, which aren’t always the shortest ones.
There could be downsides, however, to the busing cutbacks. If every formerly bused student begins walking to school, it’s an environmental win-but if too many of their parents decide to drive them instead，the overall carbon footprint can grow. Replacing buses with many more parent-driven cars can also increase safety risks: A 2023 report concluded students are 13 times safer on a school bus than in a passenger car, since buses have fewer accidents and withstand them better due to their size. And some students complain about the long morning hikes, particularly when the route contains a really big hill.
31. The “walking school bus”______.
A. does not consume fuel B. aims to keep children fit
C. seldom causes traffic jams D. is popular with school kids
32. In America the responsibility for busing kids to school lies with______.
A. individual schools B. school districts
C. teachers D. parents
33. As regards walking to school, modem parents seem much concerned with the______.
A. time spent on the way B. changes in the route
C. kids，physical strength D. safety of their children
34. To save money, some schools choose to ______.
A. take the shortest routes B. shorten the school week
C. give drivers better training D. use fuel-efficient buses
35. Busing cutbacks may eventually lead to ______.
A. fiercer competition among bus companies
B. more students taking public transportation
C. an increase in carbon dioxide emissions
D. a decrease in the safety of school buses
36. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude towards busing cutbacks?
A. Favorable B. Critical C. Objective D. Indifferent.

Passage Two
People are living longer than ever, but for some reason, women are living longer than men. A baby boy born in the United States in 2023 can expect to live to be about 73，a baby girl, about 79.. This is indeed a wide gap, and no one really knows why it exists. The greater longevity (长寿）of women, however, has been known for centuries. It was，for example, described in the seventeenth century. However, the difference was smaller then—the gap is growing.
A number of reasons have been proposed to account for the differences. The gap is greatest in industrialized societies, so it has been suggested that women are less susceptible to work strains that may raise the risk of heart disease and alcoholism. Sociologists also tell us that women are encouraged to be less adventurous than men (and this may be why they are more careful drivers，involved in fewer accidents).
Even smoking has been implicated in the age discrepancy. It was once suggested that working women are more likely to smoke and as more women entered the work force, the age gap would begin to close, because smoking is related to earlier deaths. Now, however, we see more women smoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing sharply.
One puzzling aspect of the problem is that women do not appear to be as healthy as men. That is, they report far more illnesses. But when a man reports an illness, it is more likely to be serious.
Some researchers have suggested that men may die earlier because their health is more strongly related to their emotions. For example, men tend to die sooner after losing a spouse than women do. Men even seem to be more weakened by loss of a job. (Both of these are linked with a marked decrease in the effectiveness of the immune system.) Among men, death follows retirement with an alarming promptness.
Perhaps we are searching for the answers too close to the surface of the problem. Perhaps the answers lie deeper in our biological heritage. After all, the phenomenon is not isolated to humans. Females have the edge among virtually all mammalian (哺乳动物旳）species, in that they generally live longer. Furthermore, in many of these species the differences begin at the moment of conception: there are more male miscarriages (流产）.
In humans, after birth, more baby boys than baby girls die.

37. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A. Men’s lifespan remains almost unchanged.
B. Researchers have found the causes of the age gap.
C. The more advanced a society, the greater the age gap.
D. The age gap was noticed only recently.
38. As is suggested in Paragraph 2，the two factors relevant to women’s longer lifespan are______.
A. diseases and road accidents
B. industrialization and work strains
C. their immunity to heart disease and refusal of alcohol
D. their endurance of work strains and reluctance for adventure
39. According to Paragraph 3，which of the following statements is true?
A. The great number of male smokers contributes to the age gap.
B. The growing number of smoking women will narrow the age gap.
C. Female workers are more likely to smoke than male workers.
D. Smoking does not seem to affect women’s longevity.
40. Which of the following phenomena makes researchers puzzled?
A. Men’s health is more closely related to their emotions.
B. Though more liable to illnesses，women still live longer.
C. Men show worse symptoms than women when they fall ill.
D. Quite a number of men die soon after their retirement.
41. The word “edge” in Paragraph 6 means “______”
A. margin B. side C. advantage D. quality
42. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The greater longevity of women remains a mystery.
B. That women are healthier than men well explains their longevity.
C. People are living longer as a result of industrialization.
D. Women are less emotionally affected by difficulties in life.

Passage Three
Many are aware of the tremendous waste of energy in our environment, but fail to take advantage of straightforward opportunities to conserve that energy. For example, everyone knows that lights should be switched off when no one is in an office. Similarly, when employees are not using a meeting room, there is no need to regulate temperature.
Fortunately, one need not rely on human intervention to conserve energy. With the help of smart sensing and network technology，energy conservation processes such as turning off lights and adjusting temperature can be readily automated. Ultimately, this technology will enable consumers and plant managers to better identify wasteful energy use and institute procedures that lead to smarter and more efficient homes，buildings and industrial plants.
Until now, wires and cables for power and connectivity have limited the widespread adoption of sensor (传感器）networks by making them difficult and expensive to install arid maintain. Battery-powered wireless networks can simplify installation and reduce cost. But their high power consumption and the corresponding need for regular battery replacement has made wireless networks difficult and costly to maintain. Nobody wants to replace hundreds or thousands of window sensor batteries in a large building on a regular basis.
The promise of wireless sensor networks can only be fully realized when the wiring for both the data communication and the power supply is eliminated. Doing so requires a true battery-free wireless solution, one that can utilize energy harvested directly from the environment. To facilitate the widespread deployment of wireless sensor networks, Green Peak has developed an ultra-low-powered communication technology that can utilize environmental energy sources such as light, motion and vibration. This technology, employing on-board power management circuits and computer software to monitor energy harvesters and make the best use of harvested energy, enables sensors to operate reliably in a battery-free environment.
Wireless sensor networks deployed in our offices and homes will have an enormous impact on our daily lives, helping to build a smarter world in which energy is recycled and fully utilized. These wireless platforms, equipped with advanced sensing capability, will enable us to better control our lives, homes and environment, creating a truly connected world that enables people worldwide to live in a more comfortable, safer and cleaner environment.

43. By “human intervention” (Paragraph 2)，the author refers to______.
A. the reduction of great energy waste in the environment
B. the grasping of straightforward opportunities available
C. acts like turning off lights when no one is in the room
D. the adoption of smart sensing and network technology
44. Batteries are