如何理解跨文化交际中的幽默(课堂PPT).ppt

Astorytosharewithclassmates1、一个美国中将到外国的一个兵营参观。末了，他在队前讲话。为了活跃气氛，他足足用了10分钟，讲了一个自认为很好笑的笑话。轮到译员翻译了，他只用了三句话。在场的人无不捧腹大笑起来。这个将军觉得美滋滋的。事后问译员：“这样长的笑话，你为什么三言两语使能说得清清楚楚？”“是这样的，将军，”译员有礼貌地回答，“你的笑话，我想并不那么容易使人领会其中的妙处，所以我只对他们说：刚才这位将军讲了一则妙趣横生的笑话，务请各位大笑一阵，以示友好！”12024/6/27 周四Stage2:ExplainingHumorIsthatfunny?Ididntcatchit.Canyoutellmewhy?well,itsquietsimple,Justasitwere.（challengeanddifficulty:weareoftenunawareofthefactthatweknow.)22024/6/27 周四三段论SyllogismEnthymeme3stepsECRAprocessofcovertsyllogismintoenthymemeExplaininghumor!32024/6/27 周四关于三段论Aristotleintroducedtwoconceptsthathelpusunderstandhowwereason:enthymemeandsyllogism.42024/6/27 周四TheenthymemeThecenterofAristotlestheoryDeductiveargumentsTwoparts:truncatedsyllogismsharedvalues52024/6/27 周四Thesyllogism-logicAllmenaremortalSocratesisamanTherefore,SocratesisamoralAllthecatsareafraidofdogsTomisacatTomisafraidofdogs62024/6/27 周四Enthymeme-truncated(shorted)So.SocratesisamanTherefore,heismoral72024/6/27 周四Enthymeme-sharedvaluesWhatthespeakerandaudienceshare“Heldinthemind”(彼此心知肚明的东西）Theargumentiscompletedbythespeakerandaudienceatthesametime.82024/6/27 周四NarrowthefieldSyllogismininterculturecommunicationtheinterpretationofhumor.92024/6/27 周四WhatissyllogismAsyllogisminvolvesathree-stepformalreasoningprocessassociatedwithformallogic.Majorpremise:broadculturalassumptionsaboutwaysofdoing,perceiving,ordefiningthings.Minorpremise:Aspecificcaseorevent,aconclusionwhichfollowslogicallyfromofpremises.Conclusion.102024/6/27 周四Whatisenthymeme?MajorPremise(s)minorPremise(S)Conclusion112024/6/27 周四SyllogismEnthymemeHumorMajorpremise(s)providedMissingMissing(theculturalknowledge)Minorpremise(s)providedprovidedProvided(humorortext)conclusionprovidedmissingMissing(thelaugher)Humorasanenthymeme122024/6/27 周四ExplainingtheMinorPremise(s)ConstructingtheMissingMajorpremisesReachingconclusionsThreestepstogo!Howtoexplainhumor?132024/6/27 周四Step1explainingtheexplicitmessagesseeninthecartoon“scientific meat makerts”Acoupleofscientistsinabartryto“meet”people142024/6/27 周四Step2constructingthemissingmajorpremisesMissingpremise(A):theordinarymeatmarketbehaviorMissingpremise(B):thestereotypesofscientists152024/6/27 周四Step3reachingconclusionschallenges:Findoutthelaugher(requiretheunderstandingofCulturalcontext)Humorouscannotbereachedif(a)theirbarsaredifferentformthebarsinAmerican(b)TheStereotypesofscientistsarepositive.162024/6/27 周四Solvingbyaskingquestions!Searchforanalogoushumorcontextinthepartnersculture(a)Wheredopeopleseekromanticencounters?(b)whoistheleastdesiredinromanticencounters?172024/6/27 周四Savingthedeadjoke!TogetacrossthehumorlocatingAnalogous(similaroralikeinsomeway)culturalContextsaskquestionswithoutanyassuming:(a)locateintheotherpartyscultureastowhereandhowpeopletrytoarrangeromanticencounters(b)identifythepeoplewhoareleastlikelytodowellinromanticencounters.182024/6/27 周四Example:militaryintelligenceofficersatadancingpartyINADANCEPARTY“Imadesixairplaneheadslastweek”“Icut35girlshairtoday!”192024/6/27 周四MetastepForthepurposeofmakeotherstepseasier.(encouragespeoplefromthesameculturetodiscussgivenandmissingpremisesandhowtolocatetranslatablecontexts)Certainassumptionswhichwetakeforgranted.TalkingwithpeoplefromyouowncultureaboutthemissingpremisesisinstrumentforbothnativeandnonnativespeakerstogothroughStep1tosteps202024/6/27 周四Howtoreply?Teacher:WhenwasRomebuilt?Jane:Sorry,Idontknow.Amy：SorryImnotsureTom:Atnight.Teacher:Whotoldyouthat?Tom:Youdid.YousaidRomewasntbuiltinaday.212024/6/27 周四Whyitsfunny?OY:MyDadysnameisHappy.GIRL:Really?Boy:MyMumsnameisSmilling.Girl:Areyoujoking?Boy:Thatismybrothersname.MynameisKiding.222024/6/27 周四