浅谈铁路桥梁工程施工对环境所产生的影响.doc

浅谈铁路桥梁工程施工对环境所产生的影响
Discuss the impact of project construction on the environment of railway Bridges

　　　在近来几年中，有许多铁路工程项目开工，尤其是客运专线工程逐步开端很多投入建造。为了能够使客运专线工程技术需求得到必定的满意，桥梁长度在线路总长中占有较大的份额。桥梁的很多设置，在必定程度上能够使土地的占用得以削减，但是在施工进程中，构成的泥浆、弃渣、污水排放、扬尘、噪声等环境影响也大概导致满意的注重。
In recent few years, there are many railway construction project, especially the special line for passenger transport project start many built step by step. Technical requirements in order to be able to make the special line for passenger transport project is bound to be satisfied, in bridge length of occupies a large share. Bridges of many Settings, the degree must be able to make land utilization can be cut, but in the process of construction, made of mud, abandon slag, sewage, dust, noise and other environmental impacts may also lead to satisfactory pay attention to.
　　铁路桥梁工程施工大致能够划分为以下几方面进程：根底工程施工、墩台浇筑、梁片架起以及浇筑、桥面系施工等。桥梁施工的首要环境影响会集在根底施工期间。
Railway bridge construction process roughly can be divided into the following several aspects: foundation construction, set up and pouring pile casting, beam, floor system construction, etc. Bridge construction of the primary environmental impact have gathered during the foundation construction.
　　一、桥梁根底施工对水环境的影响　
The construction of water environment, bridge foundation
　铁路桥梁根底工程施工首要选用钻孔灌注桩根底。钢护筒定位、下沉、钻孔、下置钢筋笼、浇筑混凝土等都归于钻孔桩作业所包含的环节。钻机大多数都选用旋挖钻、冲击钻和旋转钻，在钻孔进程中，为了能够使孔壁的安稳得到有效地确保，通常情况下，选用泥浆护壁。钻孔桩施工进程中简单发生的首要环境疑问有以下几方面：　
Railway Bridges at first selects the bored pile foundation engineering construction. Steel protecting tube positioning, under the sink, drilling, steel cage, pouring concrete to pile drilling operations contained in the link. Rig most choose spin dig drill, impact drill, and rotary drilling, in the process of drilling, in order to be able to effectively ensure the hole wall stability, and is often the case, was selected. Occurred in simple process for bored pile construction of the primary environment question has the following several aspects:
　（一）围堰防护是桥梁根底施工所选用的首要施工办法，在施工前期和晚期，施行围堰和拆堰的时分，有些泥沙很有可能会落入河中，河水的瞬时悬浮物含量得到了必定的添加，在短时刻内，河水会遭到严峻的影响。　　（二）钻孔桩施工，尤其是在水中进行施工的时分，钢护筒下沉穿过河槽表层会使泥沙呈现上浮表象，钻孔后，出渣中的富含很多泥沙、泥浆，若是不施行相应的操控，会使地表水部分水域水质呈现严峻的污染和危害。　
(a) cofferdam protection is the first construction of bridge foundation construction chooses to late in the early stage of the construction and implementation of cofferdam and weir of cent, some sediment probably fell into the river, the river of instantaneous got suspended solids content will be added, in a short time, the river will be serious impact. (2) drilled pile construction, especially in the water for the construction, the steel protecting tube sinking through the channel surface sediment appears to rise will make appearances, after drilling, slag rich in a lot of sediment, mud, if you are not the corresponding control, can make the part of the present serious water quality of surface water pollution and harm.
　（三）在施工进程中，办理不行到位，施工人员发生的废物、施工机械用油随意排放，都可能会使河流水质或许周围土壤接受严峻的危害和污染。
(3) in the construction process, for not reach the designated position, waste of construction personnel, construction machinery oil drained off, are likely to make soil around may accept the severe damage of river water quality and pollution.
二、桥梁施工作业噪声、振荡　
Second, Bridges construction noise and vibration
　铁路桥梁施工进程中发生噪声、振荡的环节首要包含: 钻孔桩作业、承台和墩身浇筑、架梁作业等。　
Railway bridge construction in the process of the no. 1 contains noise, oscillation link: drilling pouring piles and pile caps and piers, frame beam, etc.
　（一）钻孔桩作业首要为各类钻机施工进程发生的噪声和振荡。依据以往现场调查资料，通常距钻机 10 m 处等效 A 声级在 65 ～ 77 dB; Z 振级在59 ～ 94 dB。其间以冲击钻作业的影响最大，其瞬时最大 A 声级可达 93 dB; 旋转钻影响最小，瞬时A 声级多低于 70 dB。　
(a) drilled pile work first for all kinds of noise and vibration of the drill rig construction process. Based on field investigation data, usually the equivalent sound level A of the 10 m away from drill in 65 ~ 77 dB; Z vibration level in 59 ~ 94 dB. Meanwhile with percussion drill has the greatest effect in the operation, the instantaneous maximum A levels of 93 dB; Rotary drilling and minimal impact, instantaneous A levels is much lower than 70 dB.
　（二）承台和墩身浇筑期间首要工序包含: 基坑开挖→钢筋绑扎和装置模板→混凝土浇筑→脱模摄生。该期间施工首要为破碎和切开桩头及运送车辆发生的噪声影响最大，通常距运转货车或水泥罐车 10 m 处等效 A 声级在 78 ～ 81 dB; 距破碎机或切开桩头作业 10 m 处等效 A 声级在 72 ～ 75dB。　
(2) during the casting of cap and pier top process includes: foundation pit excavation and reinforcement assembling and installation template to concrete casting, mold release keep fit. During the construction of primary crushing and the noise of the cut pile head and delivery vehicles had the greatest influence, usually 10 m away from running truck or cement tanker equivalent A levels in 78 ~ 81 dB; From the crusher or the equivalent sound level A of the cut pile head operation 10 m in 72 ~ 75 db.
　（三）当前客运专线铁路桥梁首要选用箱型梁，单片箱梁的体积大、分量可达 800 ～ 900 t，架梁所需的设备也十分巨大。架梁作业首要为提梁机和架梁机施工进程发生的噪声和振荡。通常距其10 m 处等效 A 声级在 70 ～ 77 dB; Z 振级在 78 ～81 dB，其间提梁机的影响最大，其瞬时最大 A 声级可达 85 dB。操控办法主张: 施工作业周边存在灵敏方针时，应防止选用冲击钻，尽量选用旋挖或旋转钻等低噪声和振荡的设备; 合理安排作业时刻，施工现场必要时建筑围挡，施工路途加强保护，确保施工车辆平稳运转，并在声灵敏点处设置必要的提示牌，减速慢行经过，减轻噪声影响。
(3) of the passenger dedicated railway primary selection box beam bridge, monolithic box girder of large volume, weight of up to 800 ~ 900 t, the equipment needed for the frame beam is also very big. Frame beam homework first for girder beam and frame machine noise and vibration of the construction process. Usually 10 m away from the place of equivalent sound level A in 70 ~ 77 dB; Z vibration level in 78 ~ 81 dB, during which most affect girder machine, its maximum instantaneous A levels up to 85 dB. Handling way advocated: when there is a sensitive guideline construction work around should prevent use percussion drill, as far as possible choose spin dig or low noise and vibration of equipment such as rotary drilling; Reasonable arrangement work time, the construction site construction WeiDang when necessary, construction on the way to strengthen the protection, ensure smooth running of construction vehicle, and the sensitive point, set up necessary sign, slow down, reduce the noise effects.
三、施工便道扬尘　
3, construction service road dust
　桥梁施工中为便利资料、设备、人员等的运送，在桥梁的一侧或两边会设置贯穿的暂时施工便道。跟着大批铁路客运专线工程的开工建造，为满意工程技术条件，削减占地，客运专线的线路中桥梁设置长度的份额均较大。有的桥梁设置长度可到达几十千米，而相应施工便道的设置间隔也在相同添加，在施工进程中对便道两边环境形成影响的规模也会加大。
　　 施工车辆交游运送资料、设备的行进进程中，因为车辆密封缺乏、路途情况欠好、人员素质不高级多种要素存在，不可防止地会散落一些资料粉末、灰土或泥渣等颗粒物，发生路途扬尘，影响周围环境。特别是便道两边多有农田、果园存在，若办理不到位，路途扬尘会很多包覆植物的茎叶，影响其正常成长，进而形成农作物减产。当前在施工便道上通常选用守时浇水和定时平坦的办法来操控扬尘。依据以往调查资料，在选用了浇水、平坦办法的前提下，施工便道鸿沟处的 TSP 含量可操控在 1.0mg\/m3以内。
Bridge construction for the convenient transport of materials, equipment, staff, etc, or in the side of the bridge on both sides will be set through the temporary construction road. Follow of railway passenger dedicated line construction starts to build, and is satisfied with engineering conditions, cutting cover, bridge of passenger dedicated line in setting the length of the large share. Some Bridges set length can reach dozens of kilometers, and the corresponding construction road set the interval is added on the same, in the process of the construction of service road on both sides in the effects of environmental scale increases. Construction vehicles traveling in the process of travel of the delivery of materials, equipment, because of the lack of car seal, road conditions, owe good, personnel quality is not exist various factors, will not prevent some scattered data slag powder, lime soil or clay particles, road dust, affect the surrounding environment. Service road both sides more presence of farmland, orchards, in particular, if the handle does not reach the designated position, journey will be a lot of dust coated stems of the plant leaf, affect the normal growth, and agricultural production. Current on the construction road water usually chooses to be punctual and regular flat ways to control dust. According to the previous survey data, when choose the watering, smooth way under the premise of the TSP content between the construction road gap can control within 1.0 mg \ / m3.
　　操控办法主张: 加强对便道的办理，定时进行平坦保护，及时浇水抑尘; 运送车辆必要时进行苫盖密闭，及时整理车辆外表和车轮的泥土。四、施工场所、营地的环境影响。
Handling way advocated: strengthen the pavement, timing flat protection, water dust-controlling timely; Film covering enclosed delivery vehicles when necessary, timely tidy vehicle wheel appearance and dirt. Four environmental impact, construction sites, the camp.
　　桥梁施工场所、营地作为辅佐工程在工程施工进程中也会发生必定环境影响。比方: 制梁场、拌和站等发生的污水、扬尘，日子营地排放的污水、废物，若随意排放，易引发环境污染。　操控办法主张: 拌和站的清洁和冲刷废水因为 SS 浓度很高，应设置多级沉淀池处置后尽量回用; 日子污水通常选用简便氧化塘和土地处置等方法处置，其间食堂含油污水应先进行隔油处置;选用环保型锅炉，选用恰当的除尘脱硫设备，削减大气污染物排放; 对露天堆积的资料应进行围挡苫盖，并对场区进行美化，加强路面的打扫和浇水，削减扬尘; 分类设置废物箱和废物桶，构筑简便废物池会集寄存，定时整理。
Bridge construction site, camp as for engineering in the engineering construction will occur in the process must have impact on the environment. Beam field, for example: system, mixing station, such as the sewage, dust, day camp discharge sewage, waste, if random discharge, easy to cause environmental pollution. Handling way advocated: mixing station cleaning and flushing waste water because of the high SS concentration, multistage sedimentation tank shall be installed after disposal recycling as far as possible; Life sewage usually choose the easy oxidation pond and land disposal disposal method, in the dining room should look to drain oily sewage disposal; Choose environmental protection boiler, choose appropriate dust desulfurization equipment, reduce air pollutant emissions; For open data accumulation should be WeiDang film covering, and carries on the beautification, this district is to strengthen road surface cleaning and water, reduce dust; Classification set the waste bin and waste barrels, easy building waste pool converged on hosting, timing.
　　除应注重上述说到的几类典型环境疑问外，当桥梁工程坐落水源保护区、景色名胜区、自然保护区等特别灵敏区域规模内时，施工导致的环境危险更大，更应强化操控办法减轻影响。在采纳相应减缓办法的一起，更重要的是加强办理，拟定严厉的环境办理制度和施工安排计划，标准施工行动，使施工人员增强环境认识，从源头上削减污染的发生。
Should pay attention to the above said to several kind of typical environment question, when the bridge engineering, scenery spot, nature reserve is located the water source conversation area particularly sensitive area such as scale, construction leads to environmental risk bigger, more should strengthen control method to reduce the impact. In slow way accordingly adopted together, more important is to strengthen, draw up strict environmental system and the construction schedule, construction standard, make the construction personnel to enhance environmental awareness, from the source to cut pollution.
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