英语学习房地产土建工程师.doc

1, as a representative of Party A, how do you control the quality and cost of the project? What are the problems that should be paid attention to in the construction of the construction site civilization?Answer: one, the main control time and design changes, with the three party (design, construction, supervision) more communication, more to listen to the views of the design side.2, the general civil construction projects which are divided into several sub projects? Each division project tries to enumerate 23 sub project works? What are the common quality problems of each division project?Answer: foundation and foundation engineering, the main structure, decoration, roof engineering, water supply and drainage and heating, electrical, intelligent (weak), ventilation, air conditioning, elevators, energy saving projects. 1 types of common quality problems in residential engineering masonry engineering class: masonry materials, mortar strength is not up to the design requirements, masonry size does not meet the requirements of the design drawings, the level of the lack of mortar fullness. 2 reinforced concrete works: the quality of steel and concrete strength does not meet the design requirements. 3 roof, toilet bath, the external wall leakage. 4. For ground and floor engineering: uneven ground, pour flashing, cement floor sand, empty crack; ground air bifida, seam not neat, irregular pattern. 5 internal and external wall often brush pulp: powder out there, peeling, sagging, biting through the end of the phenomenon such as color. 6 tiles mounted firmly, rows of bricks is not reasonable, the gap is not straight.7 installation of water supply and drainage pipeline: there is leakage, blockage, water, sanitation equipment installation is not strong, etc.3, you understand the type of building foundation? What is the scope of its application?Foundation type: according to the mechanical characteristics and material properties can be divided into rigid foundation and flexible foundation; by way of structure can be divided into strip foundation, independent foundation, raft foundation, box foundation, etc. 1 according to the material and the stress characteristic classification? (1) the rigid foundation: the foundation which is restricted by the rigid angle is called the rigid foundation. The compressive strength of the material used in the rigid base is high, but the tensile strength and shear strength are low. Rigid foundation, the pressure distribution angle a is called the rigid angle. In the design, we should make every effort to make the foundation and the base material of the rigid angle consistent, objective: to ensure that the foundation does not produce tensile stress, to maximize the saving of basic materials. By restricting the rigidity base width height ratio to meet the requirements of the rigid angle. Common: Brick foundation. Lime soil foundation. Concrete foundation. Rubble foundation. Concrete foundation. Rubble concrete foundation. 1) big feet to ensure that the foundation of the foundation is not under the action of the base reaction force is not damaged. 2) lime soil foundation of lime soil foundation for regions in the underground water level is low, and other basic materials share and serve as the basis of cushion. 3) concrete foundation concrete foundation is generally used for the underground water level low four layer and four layer below the civil building engineering. 4) rubble foundation has the characteristics of high strength, frost resistance, water resistance, economy etc. 5) the concrete foundation used for the high ground water level, the buildings affected by freezing. 6) adding a certain volume of rubble in the concrete, called rubble concrete foundation. 2) flexible foundation. At the bottom of the concrete foundation configuration by the strength of steel, the use of steel bar, so that the foundation can withstand bending moment, it is not subject to the limit of the rigid angle. So the reinforced concrete foundation is also called the flexible foundation. Reinforced concrete foundation section can be made into trapezoidal, the thinnest part of the height of not less than 200mm; also can be made into a step shape, each stepping high 300-500mm. Normally, the reinforced concrete foundation is provided with C7.5 or C10 concrete cushion, the thickness of about lOOmm; no cushion, the reinforcement of the protection layer is 75mm, in order to protect the reinforced steel from corrosion. 2 according to the structure classification (1) the independent foundation (the foundation). Separate foundation under column 1). The foundation is the main type of the column foundation. 2) under the wall separate foundation. The foundation is the foundation of the soft soil, but not in the depths of the better soil, in order to save the foundation materials and reduce the amount of earthwork and the use of a basic form. (2) strip foundation. 1) the strip foundation under the wall. Strip foundation is the main form of bearing wall foundation. When the loads of upper structure is larger and poor soil, uses the reinforced concrete building, wall of reinforced concrete strip foundation is generally made of ribbed; ribbed strip foundation conditions: the foundation in the horizontal direction compression of uneven, in order to increase the integrity of the foundation, reduce uneven settlement. 2) reinforced concrete strip foundation under column. When the foundation is weak and the load is larger, it can strengthen the integrity of the foundation and save cost, so it can be made into reinforced concrete strip foundation. (3) cross foundation under column. Load larger high-rise buildings, such as the soil is weak, can be made into a cross foundation. (4) the raft foundation. Such as foundation weak and load and a large, based on the use of cross still can not meet the requirements or adjacent trench distance is very small, can be made of reinforced concrete made piece of raft foundation. According to the structure, it can be divided into two types of flat plate and beam plate. (5) box foundation. Its main characteristic is the rigidity is big, reduce the base of the bottom surface of the additional stress, they are suitable for soft soil layer is thick, heavy load and the construction area is not too large a number of important buildings, at present high-rise buildings in the box foundation. Four, masonry structure, frame structure, shear wall structure, frame structure, tube structure, steel structure, arch structure.4, the construction of several major categories of structure?A: building structure due to the different building materials, can be divided into concrete structure, masonry structure, steel structure, light steel structure, wood structure and combination structure, etc.5. What is the main content of the site safety and civilization construction?Building engineering safety protection, civilized construction mainly includes 1, civilized construction and environmental protection: (1) safety warning signs: in prone to accidents or dangerous at set clear, in line with the requirements of the national standard safety warning signs; (2) site Weidang: site by enclosing walls, height not less than 1.8 m, the enclosure material can use the color, setting steel plate, brick, concrete block wall. (3) in the door of the project overview, management personnel list and supervision telephone, safety production, civilized construction, fire protection five board; construction site general plan. (4) corporate logo: the gate of the site should be equipped with a corporate logo or corporate identity (5) field capacity appearance: smooth roads, drainage, drainage facilities, the site of the ground hardening treatment, green. (6) material stack: materials, components, materials, such as piling up, hanging a name, varieties, specifications and other signs, cement and other easily flying fine building materials should be closed storage or take other measures to cover the, flammable, explosive and toxic and harmful goods classification stored. (7) on site fire prevention: the fire fighting equipment is reasonable and meets the requirements of fire protection. (8) garbage collection: the construction site should be set closed garbage station, construction waste, garbage should be classified and stored. 2, temporary facilities (1) field office and living facilities: construction site office, living area and work area set apart, keep a safe distance, the site office, on-site dormitories, canteens, toilets, drinking water, rest places comply with health and safety requirements. (2) the construction site temporary power: TN-S system requirements in accordance with five core cable, cable and three core cable; according to the requirements of the erection of temporary power line poles, crossarm, porcelain clamp, insulator and other, or buried cable trench; near the construction site of the external circuit, set of wooden and plastic insulator protection facilities; according to the three level distribution requirements, equipped with general distribution box, distribution electrical box and switch box three kinds of standard electric box. The switch box shall be in accordance with one machine, one box, one brake and one leakage. Three kinds of electric box of all kinds of electrical appliances should be qualified products; according to the requirements of the protection and selected to meet the capacity requirements and quality standards of distribution box and switch box leakage protector; construction site protection change repeat grounding should be not less than three. 3, construction safety (1) floor, roof, balcony near the border protection: the dense mesh type safety vertical net fully enclosed, homework layer plus on both sides of the protective railing and 18cm high the skirting board. (2) channel mouth protection: protection shed, the shelter should be not less than 5cm thick wood?Watch the old drop 0cm bamboo eaten?. The two sides should be closed with a dense mesh safety net along the railings. (3) the protection of the entrance of the cave: the board is fully closed; the short side of the entrance of the 1.5m long hole, in addition to the closure of the surrounding should also have a protective railing. (4) wellhead lift door: set type, tools and standard door; in the elevator shaft every two layers (less than 10m) a Anquan Ping network settings. (5) the edge protection: modeling, tool and standardization of the protective railings of 1.2m high, 18cm high skirting board. (6) cross job protection in the vertical direction: setting the shelter or other facilities. (7) aerial work protection: suspension of a safety belt or other facilities; an operating platform; a ladder or other form of access to the channel.6. How to coordinate the relationship between the owner and the contractor, the contractor and the sub contractor?If you are a homeowner, you mainly on supervision units and the general contracting unit were coordinated management, subcontract unit if there is a problem, it should be and the general contracting unit to communicate, strengthen management of subcontractors, appropriate notice by supervision units directly to the contracting units issued requirements of the general contracting unit7, engineering construction, such as raw material quality problems, construction quality accident or structural design is wrong and has been the construction, how will you deal with?Answer: downtime, claims to do now is shut down, and to clean up all the problems of engineering, to remedy the situation, its not too late, if all built up, it will lose more, then not only is quality problems, may also involve other problems, will also affect your business. At that time to buy raw materials are authentic, then you can find quality monitoring department of raw materials to do the inspection, the quality of raw materials have problems should find suppliers, so that he lost all of your losses. If there is an error in the structural design, then look for the design department.8, in the construction of artificial digging pile foundation, the construction sequence and attention to what? How to check the construction pile reaming, reaming after meets the design requirements?9, in the main construction, the key part is what? Focus on what?All the hidden works, axis, etc.10, what is the inspection batch? For example?Inspection group of the division in the pre construction should according to the construction schedule reflected in the construction organization design;? under normal circumstances if single area of little can be a construction can be divided into a batch acceptance, if single area of larger (or subject to site, structure form of control), to construction arrangements may need retention facilities sewing (or according to the deformation joint division of construction) is divided into a plurality of acceptance group. ? Acceptance batch division is mainly by the construction arrangement (in my opinion), some in the pre construction arrangement good construction segments have may in actual construction due to the influence of uncertainty factors change, acceptance group have re classified in accordance with the actual situation.;? the final acceptance group divided according to the actual construction situation to determine. The inspection lot can be divided according to the construction and quality control and professional acceptance according to the floor, the construction section, deformation and so on. ? The main sub segment of the 1 multi-storey and high-rise building in the construction period divided by floor or batch inspection;? 2 single item project in construction according to the deformation joint inspection group division;? 3 foundation engineering project is generally divided into a a batch of inspection; basic engineering underground layer according to different underground layer divided batch inspection;? 4 roofing engineering project on different floors of the roof can be divided into test group;? 5 in the other branch of engineering project, according to the general floor divided batch inspection;? 6 for engineering quantity less can be unified as a test group;? 7 installation according to the general design system of a group or a group of test equipment;? 8 outdoor project unified into a batch inspection;? 9 steps, apron, ditch etc. water on the ground Inspection lot.11, how to ensure the underground shear wall (retaining wall) of the waterproof quality?Ensure underground shear wall waterproof quality, it is necessary to proceed from the following aspects: 1, according to the hydro geological conditions and outdoor environment type take the appropriate level of waterproof concrete 2, choose a suitable waterproof material, the general design for waterproofing of the 3, strictly in accord