2023年英语专业八级改错真题及答案持续更新部分详解文字答案校对版.doc

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1995-2023年英语专业八级改错真题及答案（文字/答案校对版） 2023年改错真题 The ability to communicate is the primary factor that distinguishes human beings from animals. And it is the ability to communicate well which 1.________ distinguishes one individual from another. The fact is that apart from the basic necessities, one needs to be equipped with habits for good communication skills, thus this is 2.________ what will make one a happy and successful social being. In order to develop these habits, one needs to first acknowledge the fact that they need to improve communication skills from time to time. They need to take stock of the way how they interact and the direction 3.________ in which their work and personal relations are going. The only constant in life is change, the more one accepts one’s strengths and works 4._______ towards dealing with their shortcomings, specially in the area of 5.________ communication skills, the better will be their interactions and the more their social popularity. The dominated question that comes here is: How to improve 6.________ communication skills? The answer is simple. One can find plenty of literature on this. There are also experts, who conduct workshops and seminars based on communication skills of men and women. In fact, a large number of companies are bringing in trainers to regularly make sessions on the subject, in order to 7.________ help their work force maintain better interpersonal work relations. Today effective communication skills have become a predominant factor even while recruiting employees. While interviewing candidates, most interviewers judge them on the basis of the skills they communicate with. They believe that some skills can be improvised on the job; but ability to 8.________ communicate well is important, as every employee becomes the representing face of the company. There are trainers, who specialized in delivering custom-made 9._______ programs on the subject. Through the sessions they not only facilitate better communication skills in the workplace, but also look into the problems in the manner of being able to convey messages effectively. 10._______ 2023年改错真题 All social units develop a culture. Even in two-person relationships, a culture develops in time. In friendship and romantic relationships, 1._________ for example, partners develop their own history, shared experiences, language patterns, habits, and customs give that relationship a special 2._________ character—a character that differs it in various ways from 3._________ other relationships. Examples might include special dates, places, songs, or events that come to have a unique and important symbolic meaning for the two individuals. Thus, any 4._________ social unit—whether a relationship, group, organization, or society—develops a culture with the passage of time. While the defining characteristics of each culture are unique, all cultures share certain same functions. The relationship between 5.__________ communication and culture is a very complex intimate one. 6.__________ Cultures are created through communication; that is, communication is the means of human interaction, through it cultural characteristics 7.__________ are created and shared. It is not so much that individuals set out to create a culture when they interact in relationships, groups, organizations, or societies, but rather than that cultures are a natural by-product of social interaction.8._________ In a sense, cultures are the “residue” of social communication. Without communication and communication media, it would be impossible to have and pass along cultural characteristics from one place and time to 9.__________ another. One can say, furthermore, that culture is created, shaped, 10._________ transmitted, and learned through communication. 2023年改错真题 When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular show on ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round at the luxury of the 1. ________ rink, my friend’s mother remarked on the “plush” seats we had been given. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my 2.________ vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush” was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation; that 3. ________ much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I 4. ________ started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, and so are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren’t they? My friend’s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her 5. ________ expression that I had not got the word quite right. Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughly means, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both 6. ________ new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our 7. ________ own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should have asked for plush, and this is particularly true in the 8.________ aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by 9________ speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly, but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English. So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap. 10. _________ 2023年改错真题 There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s. There is a high level of agreement that the following questions 1.__________ have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: 2.__________ ◆Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the same sense one acquires a first language? 3.__________ ◆What is the explanation for the fact adults have 4.__________ more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have? ◆What motivates people to acquire additional languages? ◆What is the role of the language teaching in the 5.___________ acquisition of an additional language? ◆What socio-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying the learning of additional languages? From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all 6.__________ the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far have one thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiring of an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do 7.___________ so. Whether one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additional language, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under 8.___________ focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an individual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities are involving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning 9.___________ or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in the classroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. 10.___________ 2023年改错真题 Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding, production and remembering language, and hence are concerned 1.__________ with listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language. One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually 2.__________ happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately. 3.__________ Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page, 4.________ you normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptional circumstances we might become aware of 5._________ the complexity involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it; if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has 6._________ influenced their language; if we observe a child acquire language; 7._________ if we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult; or if we are visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meet anyone else 8._________ who is. As we shall see, all these examples of what might be called “language in exceptional circumstances” reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking, listening, writing and reading. But 9.__________ given that language processes were normally so automatic, we also 10.__________ need to carry out careful experiments to get at what is happening. 2023年改错真题 The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least 1.__________ the first century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers favored certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the 2.__________ letter; the sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter 3.__________ not the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who 4.___________ wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 5.___________ 19th century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language was 6.__________ entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible 7.__________ gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must 8.__________ be as literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the 9._________ extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov. The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Too often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with each other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. 10. _________ 2023年改错真题 From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages 1._____________ of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so with the conscience that I was outraging my 2._____________ true nature and that soon or later I should have to settle down 3._____________ and write books. I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years on either side, and I barely saw my father 4._____________ before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which 5._____________ made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from the 6._____________ very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling 7._____________ of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I 8._____________ felt that this created a sort of private world which I could get 9._____________ my own back for my failure in everyday life. Therefore, the 10.____________ volume of serious — i.e. seriously intended — writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation. 2023年改错真题 So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say 1____________ the things their speakers want to say. 2____________ There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive 3_____________peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the 4____________ fault of their language. The Eskimos , it is said, can speak about snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in 5_____________ English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect 6____________ in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar 7___________ environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms 8____________ for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which Englishwas habitually used made such distinction as important. 9___________ Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life. 10____________For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence? 2023年改错真题 The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference 1.__________ between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse,learnt in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener 2.__________ has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchild 3.___________ The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting it may be something from twenty to seventy years.With the playground lore, 4.__________ therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour it is 5._________ learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the same age, 6.___________ or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years. If, therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or even just 7.___________ for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitted over and over; very 8.___________ possibly

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