英语修辞学.pptx

Introduction of English Rhetoric英语修辞学2010-3-1Book List in Rhetorico陈望道 修辞学发凡，上海外语教育出版社，1979o谢祖钧 英语修辞，机械工业出版社，1988o范家材 英语修辞赏析，上海交通大学出版社，1998o冯翠华 英语修辞大全，外语教学语研究出版社，1995o胡曙中 英汉修辞比较研究，上海外语教育出版社，1993o胡曙中 现代英语修辞学，上海外语教育出版社，2004o黄任 英语修辞与写作，上海外语教育出版社，1996o郭秀梅 实用英语修辞学，江苏人民出版社，1985o李冀宏 英语常用修辞入门，世界图书出版公司，2003o李庆荣 现代汉语修辞，北京大学出版社，2002o李树德 冯奇英语修辞简明教程，复旦大学出版社，2003o吕煦吕煦 实用英语修辞实用英语修辞，清华大学出版社，清华大学出版社，2004o张秀国张秀国 英语修辞学英语修辞学，清华大学出版社，清华大学出版社，2005Questions:oWhat is rhetoric?oWhat is a figure of speech?oAre they the same?Definition of rhetoricoAristotle(384BC-322BC)Rhetoric oRhetoric may be defined as the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion.This is not a function of any other art.Definition of rhetoricoCicero：famous orator in RomanoRhetoric is eloquence to persuade their fellows of the truth of what they had discovered by reason.Definition of rhetoricoFrancis Bacon:oRhetoric is a technique making it possible to apply reason to imagination,for the better moving of the will.Definition of rhetoricoThe Oxford English Dictionary(1933):oRhetoric is the art of using language so as to persuade or influence others;the body of rules to be observed by a speaker or writer in order that he may express himself with eloquence.Definition of rhetoricoWebsters New World Dictionary of the American Language(1972):oRhetoric is the art or science of using words effectively in speaking or writing,especially of literary composition.Definition of rhetoricoThe Concise Oxford Dictionary(1982):oRhetoric is the art of persuasive or impressive speaking or writing;language designed to persuade or impress(but perhaps insincere or exaggerated)Definition of rhetoricoLongman Dictionary of Contemporary English(1995):oRhetoric is the language used to persuade or influence people,especially by politicians;the art of speaking or writing to persuade or influence people.Definition of rhetoric:Chineseo现代汉语词典:o修辞：修饰文字、词句，运用各种表现方式，使语言表达得准确、鲜明而生动有力。o辞海：o修辞：依据题旨情景，运用各语文材料，各种表现手法，恰当地表现写说者所要表达的内容的一切活动。o陈望道修辞学发凡：o修辞不过是调整语辞，使达意传情能够适切的一种努力。Definition of rhetoric:Chineseo张弓现代汉语修辞学：o修辞是为了有效地表达意旨、交流思想而适应现实语境，利用民族语言各因素以美化语言。o北京大学语言学教研室语言学名词解释：o修辞是指最有效地运用语言，使语言很好地表达思想感情的一种技巧。研究这种技巧的学问，就叫修辞学。换言之，修辞学是以修辞的规律、方法和语言手段的表现为研究对象的科学。Our definition of rhetoricoRhetoric is an art or science of using words or language to persuade,influence or impress others in speaking or writing.Categories of rhetoricoCategory 1:(Western Rhetoric)oCommunicative Rhetoric Aesthetic RhetoricoCategory 2（陈望道）消极修辞(Passive Rhetoric)积极修辞(Active Rhetoric)Category 1o交际修辞（Communicative Rhetoric）：无论说话或写作，把思想感情表达得明白、通顺，要求在选词择句时，语意明确、文理通顺、结构妥贴、语言平易好懂，这样才能正确地说明客观事物，表达主观意愿，完成交际任务。o 美学修辞（Aesthetic Rhetoric）：要求语言表现得生动、形象，富于说服力和感染力，最大限度地发挥语言的表达功能，给人以美的享受。Category 2oPassive rhetoric:How to choose the proper words and sentences to express the ideas,and make the language:accuracy,euphonic,and coherent.oActive rhetoric:How to apply the figures of speech properly so as to make the content more exact,vivid and lively.It mainly concerns the usage of the figures of speech.Communicative RhetoricoChoice of wordsoChoice of sentencesAesthetic Rhetorico音韵修辞格：Phonetic Figures of Speecho词语修辞格：Lexical/Semantic Figures of Speecho句法/结构修辞格：Syntactical Figures of Speech音韵修辞格：Phonetic Figures of SpeechoAlliterationoAssonance oConsonance oRhyme oOnomatopoeia押头韵押头韵元韵辅韵尾韵拟声词语修辞格：Semantic Figures of SpeechoSimileoMetaphoroTransferred Epithet/hypallageoMetonymyoSynecdoche oAntonomasiaoPersonification明喻暗喻/隐喻移就/转喻借代提喻换称拟人词语修辞格：Semantic Figures of SpeechoSynaesthesiaohyperbole/overstatementounderstatementoIronyoOxymoronoParadoxoEuphemismopun通感夸张低调陈述反语矛盾修饰法隽语委婉语双关词语修辞格：Semantic Figures of SpeechoSyllepsisoZeugmaoParodyoRhetorical questionoallusionoAnalogyoPalindrome一笔双叙共轭仿拟修辞疑问句典故类比回文句法/结构修辞格：Syntactical Figures of SpeechoParallelism/parallel structureoRepetitionoAntithesisoClimaxoAnti-climaxoEllipsisoInversion/anastrophe排比反复对照/对偶层进突降省略倒装