英语中的省略和替代省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。1.Thisradio,butthatonedoesnt.读以下句子读以下句子,说你感觉。说你感觉。work wellworkswell2.Whenpure,acolorlessliquid.water iswater is3.Are you?Yes,Iam .readyready4.Hewas as he had been inhisyouth.aloverofsportsaloverofsports5.The river deep and the ice thin.waswas6.ake care!YouT t第1页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。1.省略省略句定义句定义省略是为了防止重复、突出新信息并使省略是为了防止重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接一个语法修辞伎俩。上下文紧密连接一个语法修辞伎俩。省略在语言中省略在语言中,尤其在对话中尤其在对话中,是一个是一个十分普遍现象。十分普遍现象。第2页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。2.句子成份省略句子成份省略省略前提省略前提:主谓宾主谓宾,定状表定状表,如有重复可删掉。如有重复可删掉。省略标准省略标准:词语省略后词语省略后,不致令人费解。不致令人费解。省略类型：省略类型：1.心照不宣型心照不宣型(用于祈使句和一些现成简单句中用于祈使句和一些现成简单句中)；2.承前省后型承前省后型(用于对话、并列句和动词不定式中用于对话、并列句和动词不定式中)；3.可有可无型可有可无型(用于宾从中用于宾从中that、定从中作宾语、定从中作宾语whom,which,that和一些状从中和一些状从中)4.虚拟倒装型虚拟倒装型(只用于需要倒装虚拟条件句中只用于需要倒装虚拟条件句中)。第3页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。1.省略主语省略主语:祈使句中主语通常被省略祈使句中主语通常被省略;其它省略主语情况多限于少数现成说法。其它省略主语情况多限于少数现成说法。(1)(You)Comein,please.(2)(I)Seeyoutomorrow.(3)(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.(4)(I)Begyourpardon.简单句中省略简单句中省略第4页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。2.省略主语或谓语一部分省略主语或谓语一部分简单句中省略简单句中省略(1)(Thereis)Nosmoking.(2)(Willyou)Haveasmoke?(3)Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?(4)How(doyouthink)aboutacupoftea?(5)(Youcome)thisway,please.第5页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。3.省略宾语省略宾语:可省略宾语全部可省略宾语全部;可省略作宾语可省略作宾语动词不定式动词不定式,只保留只保留to,但假如该宾语是动词但假如该宾语是动词be或完成时态或完成时态,则须在则须在to后加上后加上be或或have。(1)-DoyouknowMissHu?-Idontknow(her).(2)Donttouchanythingunlesstheteachertellsyouto(touch).(3)-Areyouateacher?-No,butIwanttobe(ateacher).(4)-Hehasntfinishedthetask.-Well,heoughttohave(finishit).第6页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。4.省略表语省略表语(1)-Areyouthirsty?-Yes,Iam(thirsty).(2)Hisbrotherislazy.Norishissister(lazy).5.同时省略几个句子成份同时省略几个句子成份(1)-Areyoufellbetternow?-(Imfeeling)better(now).(2)(Iwish)Goodluck(toyou)!(3)Letsmeetattheschoolgateasthesameas(wemet)yesterday.第7页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。并列句中省略并列句中省略两个并列分句中两个并列分句中,后一分句常省略与前一分句后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同部分。中相同部分。(1)Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(2)(is)anurse.(2)Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool(3)Linsfatherwasnotathome,buthismotherwas(athome).第8页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。主从复合句中省略主从复合句中省略1.主句中有一些主谓被省略主句中有一些主谓被省略(1)(Im)Sorrytoheatthatyouareill.(2)(Its)apitythatyoumissedsuchagoodchance.2.省略从句中与主句相同部分省略从句中与主句相同部分Theydonotvisittheirparentsasmuchastheyoughtto(visittheirparents).3.主句与从句各有一些成份被省略主句与从句各有一些成份被省略Thesooner(youdoit),thebetter(itwillbe).第9页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。4.省略一个从句或从句一部分省略一个从句或从句一部分,可用可用so或或not代替。惯用于这类动词有代替。惯用于这类动词有believe,think,expect,guess,hope,imagine,suppose,say,tell等以及等以及appear,seem,afraidetc.(4)Doyouthinkhewillattendthemeeting?-Iguess not.(1)Ishecomingbacktonight?-Ithinkso.(2)Shemustbebusynow?-If so,shecant go with us.(3)Isshefeelingbettertoday?-Imafraid not.第10页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。其它省略其它省略1.连词连词that省略省略(1)宾语从句中常省略连词宾语从句中常省略连词that.(2)Iknowheisastudent.(3)(2)在定语从句中在定语从句中,that在从句中作宾语时可省略。另外在从句中作宾语时可省略。另外,(4)凡是进行时态和被动语态定语从句都可省略关系代词凡是进行时态和被动语态定语从句都可省略关系代词(5)和和be动词。动词。Helikesthesongs(that)AndyLausings.Helikesthesongs(thatare)sungbyAndyLau.(that)第11页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。2.在一些状语从句中在一些状语从句中,从句主语与主句从句主语与主句主语一致时主语一致时,可省去可省去“主语主语+be”部分。部分。(1)Whenstillaboyof10,hehadtoworkdayandnight.(2)Shetriedherbestthoughratherpoorinhealth.(3)Whilecycling,dontforgetthetrafficlights.骑车时骑车时,不要忘记看红绿灯。不要忘记看红绿灯。(youare)(you)(hewas)(shewas)第12页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。3.不定式符号不定式符号to省略省略1)并列不定式可省去后面并列不定式可省去后面to.Itoldhimtositdownandwaitforamoment.2)help当当“帮助帮助”讲时讲时,后面宾语或宾补后面宾语或宾补不定式符号不定式符号to可带可不带。可带可不带。Iwillhelp(to)doitforyou.Iwillhelpyou(to)doit.(3)介词介词but前若有动词前若有动词do,后面不定式不带后面不定式不带to.Theboydidnothingbutplay.第13页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。4)一些使役动词一些使役动词(let,make,have)及感官动词及感官动词(see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,lookat,listento等）等）后面作宾语补足语不定式一定后面作宾语补足语不定式一定要省去要省去to,但在被动语态中须将但在被动语态中须将to复原。复原。Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.Thebossmadeuswork12hoursaday.Weweremadetowork12hoursaday.第14页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。5)主语从句中有动词主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语不定式后面作表语不定式to可带可不带。可带可不带。Whatwecandonowis(to)wait.6)find当当“发觉发觉”讲时，后面作宾语补足语讲时，后面作宾语补足语不定式符号不定式符号to可带可不带。可带可不带。Wefoundhim(to)workveryhardattheexperiment.但假如是不定式但假如是不定式tobe,则不能省略。则不能省略。Shefoundhimtobedishonest.第15页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。(3)Should there be aflood,whatshouldwedo?(1),theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus.(2)WereIyou,Iwoulddothework better.Hadthey timeIfI had time(IfIwereyou)(Ifthereshouldbeaflood)4.连词连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略在部分虚拟条件句中可省略,但要将但要将后面后面should,were,had提到主语前面。提到主语前面。第16页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。5.英语中有一些固定省略结构：英语中有一些固定省略结构：在以在以if,when,though,asif(好象好象)等连词引导等连词引导从句中从句中,如从句中主要动词是如从句中主要动词是be,常将主语常将主语it和动词和动词be省略。省略。Ifnecessary,weshallsendatelegramhome.如有必要如有必要,我们就往家里打电报。我们就往家里打电报。Wheneverpossible,hewillcometomyhelp.他一有可能就来帮助我他一有可能就来帮助我。it isit is第17页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。Notes 1.省略句可同时省掉句子几个成份省略句可同时省掉句子几个成份Whatexcitingnews!(=Whatexcitingnewsitis!)多么令人激动消息啊！多么令人激动消息啊！Pityhesfailed.(=Itisapitythathesfailed.)很遗憾很遗憾,他失败了。他失败了。Ilikehimmorethanher.(=IlikehimmorethanIlikeher.)我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她。第18页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。3.被省略部分普通能够在句子中补上被省略部分普通能够在句子中补上,但但有时省略结构已经定型有时省略结构已经定型,假如把省略部分补上假如把省略部分补上,反而不合乎习惯。反而不合乎习惯。HeistallerthanIam.他比我高。他比我高。(am之后省略之后省略tall,补上不合习惯）补上不合习惯）Noparking.禁止停车。禁止停车。(通告用语通告用语=Noparkingisallowedhere.)有一些习惯表示极难补上所省略部分：有一些习惯表示极难补上所省略部分：Notatall.不用谢。不用谢。Nomatter.不要紧。不要紧。Thanks.谢谢。谢谢。第19页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。1.Haventseenyouforages.2.Soundslikeagoodidea.3.Sorrytohearthat.4.thisway,please!5.Joiningusforawalk?6.Somemoretea?7.Doesntmatter.8.Pityyoucouldntcome.9.Terribleweather!10.Goingtothesupermarket?Exercise IItIamWalkWould you likeWould you likeItIt isaWhat/SuchAre you第20页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。Exercise 1.Shecanswimunderwaterlongerthan2.Icanswimunderwater.3.2.Theydiscussedwhethertheyshouldstay4.inthehouseortheyshouldtrytheopenair.5.3.Theyhadameal,theywentoutforawalk6.andthentheycamebacktosleep.7.4.Dontbatheifyoudonttobathe.8.5.IdontvisitmyparentsasmuchasIought9.tovisitmyparents.第21页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。1.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begunD单项选择单项选择第22页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。2.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhichA第23页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。3.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdoneA第24页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。4.-Illbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycar?-Notatall._.A.IvenotimeB.IdrathernotC.IdlikeitD.IdbehappytoD第25页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。5.-Youhaventlosttheticket,haveyou?-_.Iknowitsnoteasytogetanotheroneatthemoment.A.IhopenotB.Yes,IhaveC.IhopesoD.Yes,ImafraidsoA第26页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。6._itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.WillB第27页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。7.-Letsgoandhaveagooddrinktonight.-_Haveyougotthefirstprizeinthecompetition?A.Whatfor?B.Thanksalot.C.Yes,IdliketoD.Whynot?A第28页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。8.-Tomorrowisaholiday.Whyareyoudoingyourhomework?-IamdoingtheseexercisesnowsothatIwonthave_onSunday.A.itB.themC.forD.toD第29页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。9.-ShallIinviteAnntomybirthdaypartytomorrowevening?-Yes.Itllbefineifyou_.A.areB.canC.inviteD.do10.-Arentyouthemanager?-No,andI_.A.dontwanttoB.dontwanttobeC.dontwantbeD.dontwantDB第30页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。11.-Wontyouhaveanothertry?-_.A.Yes,IwillhaveB.Yes,IwonthaveC.Yes,IwontD.Yes,Iwill12.-Iwontdoitanymore.-_?A.WhynotB.WhydontdoanymoreC.WhynotdoD.WhydontDD第31页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。13.-Doyouthinkitwillsnowtomorrow?-_?A.IdontthinkB.No,IdontthinkC.IdontthinksoD.No,Idontso14.-Haveyoufedthecat?-No,but_.A.ImB.IamC.ImjustgoingD.ImjustgoingtoCD第32页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。15.-DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGerman?-Yes,heintends_.A./B.toC.soD.that16.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto17.-WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?-_hernewbicycle.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.BecauseoflosingBAC第33页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。18.If_,wellcontinueourexperimentafterofficehours.A.beingnecessaryB.benecessaryC.isnecessaryD.necessary19.-Doyouthinkitsgoingtorainovertheweekend?-_.A.IdontbelieveB.IdontbelieveitC.IbelievenotsoD.Ibelievenot20.Generallyspeaking,_accordingtodirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetakenDDB第34页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。21.Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow,and_.A.theotheriswhiteB.anotherwhiteC.theotherwhiteD.anotheriswhite22.-Wouldyoulikesomewine?-Yes,just_.A.littleB.verylittleC.alittleD.afewCC第35页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。替换替换(一一)so和和not作替换词作替换词,代替被省略某个词代替被省略某个词(组组)或句子或句子,普通同表示个人看法或想法动词连用普通同表示个人看法或想法动词连用,作作beafraid,believe,become,all,do,expect,fear,hope,imagine,say,see,speak,suppose,think等宾语。等宾语。Not代替否定句子还可放在代替否定句子还可放在perhaps,probably,absolutely等副词后。等副词后。第36页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。e.g.Shewasnotangryatfirst,butbecameso(=angry)afterawhile.-Ishethebeststudentintheclass?-Ithinkso(=Heisbeststudentintheclass).-Ithinknot(=Heisnotthebeststudentintheclass).第37页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。(二二)替换应用替换应用1.so能够放在句首或句尾能够放在句首或句尾,但若谓语动词是但若谓语动词是see,notice,hear等等,则只能放在句首。如：则只能放在句首。如：Ibelieve(say,think)so.=SoIbelieve(say,think).Heisabsenttoday.SoIsee(hear,notice).2.在表示必定或怀疑意义句中不可用在表示必定或怀疑意义句中不可用so。如：误如：误:Idoubtso.正正:Idoubtit.第38页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。4.doso普通只用替换动态动词普通只用替换动态动词,不替换静态不替换静态动词。如动词。如:Shesaidshewouldgowithme,butshedidntdoso.-Alicefeelsbettertoday.-Ithinkshedoes.-Soshedoes.而不能说而不能说Ithinkshedoesso.3.在在ask和和know之后也不用之后也不用so。如：。如：误误:Whydoyouaskso?正正:Whydoyouaskthat?第39页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。Homework1.GoovertheusageofEllipsis.2.DoExercises2,3,4onpage37.第40页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。第41页