英语五种基本句型结构省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

英语五种基本句型结构一.主谓一、句型1：Subject(主语)Verb(谓语)这种句型中动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不能够直接接宾语。常见动词如：work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。如：1)LiMingworksveryhard.2)Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.3）Springiscoming.若不及物动词+介词也能够带宾语Theoldmandiedofhunger.不及物动词表见q群第1页二.主谓宾二、句型二、句型3：Subject(主语主语)Verb(谓语谓语)Object(宾语宾语)这种句型中动词普通为及物动词这种句型中动词普通为及物动词,所谓及物动词，就所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后能够直接接宾语是这种动词后能够直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：1)Hetookmyarms.2)LiLeialwayshelpsmewhenIhavedifficulties.3)SheplanstotravelinthecomingMayDay.（不定式）她打算在即将到来（不定式）她打算在即将到来“五一五一”外出旅游。外出旅游。4)IdontknowwhatIshoulddonext.(从句从句)第2页常见及物动词bat29.concentrate30.conduct31.confirm32.confront33.consume34.control35.convey38.cut39.damage40.debate41.delay42.deliver43.demonstrate44.deny45.deserve46.destroy47.determine48.develop49.discuss第3页50.dismiss51.display52.disregard53.disrupt54.distract55.distribute56.earn57.ease58.eliminate59.emphasise60.employ61.encounter62.enforce63.enhance64.enrich65.establish66.examine/exam67.exercise68.exhibit69.expand70.exploit71.explore72.express73.extend75.facilitate76.follow77.form79.foster80.fulfil81.gain82.gather83.generate84.guarantee86.handle88.hold89.ignore90.imitate93.impose94.improve95.increase98.lay99.limit100.lose第4页101.maintain102.make103.match104.meet107.obey108.obtain109.offer111.oppose112.overcome113.overlook114.perform115.place116.play117.pose118.possess119.predict120.preserve121.prohibit122.promote123.protect124.provide126.pursue127.raise128.reach129.receive130.recognise131.reduce132.reform133.reject134.relieve135.remove136.repair137.repeat138.replace139.resist140.resolve141.respect142.restore143.retain144.reverse145.review146.satisfy147.set148.share149.shift150.solve151.spend152.spoil154.strengthen155.supply156.support158.suspend159.sustain160.take161.teach162.transfer163.transform164.trigger165.understand166.undergo(经历)167.undertake168.utilise169.win170.withdraw第5页三.主系表三、句型2：Subject(主语)Link.V(系动词词)Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语特点、身份等。其系动词普通可分为以下两类：(1)表示状态。这么词有：be,keep,stay,remain,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,等。如：1)Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.2)Helookedworriedjustnow.(2)表示改变。这类系动词有：become,get,turn,grow,go等。：1)Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.2)Thetreehasgrownmuchtallerthanbefore.第6页grow,turn,go变成，成为 1.grow常指逐步地变成新状态，强调渐变过程。growtall长高；growlouder（声音）大起来 2.1)turn后面多接表示颜色形容词作表语，也能够接表示天气形容词作表语侧重指变得与原来截然不一样。Themanturnedbluewithfear.Theweathersuddenlyturnedmuchcolder.2)注意turn后接名词作表语不带冠词turndoctor=becomeadoctor=makeadoctor成为一名医生3.1)go作为连系动词，通常与形容词连用，通常表示由好变坏或由正常情况变成特殊情况。gomad/crazy/blind/bad/hungry/wrong2)go也能够接表示颜色形容词作表语Hearingthis,shewentred.第7页四.主谓间宾直宾句型4：Subject(主语)Verb(谓语)Indirectobject(间接宾语)Directobject(直接宾语)这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做或为谁做，在句中不可或缺，经常由表示“物”名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子影响不大，多由指“人”名词或代词负担。1)Herfatherboughtheradictionaryasabirthdaypresent.她父亲给她买了一本词典作为生日礼品。2）TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄故事。上述句子还能够表示为：1）Herfatherboughtadictionaryforherasabirthdaypresent.2）TheoldmanalwaystellsstoriesabouttheheroestothechildrenintheLongMarch.第8页英语中接双宾语动词awardsb.sth.=awardsth.tosb.颁奖给某人bringsb.sth.=bringsth.tosb.把某物带给某人handsb.sth.=handsth.tosb.把某物递给某人lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.把某物借给某人mailsb.sth.=mailsth.tosb.把某物寄给某人offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.将某物给某人owesb.sth.=owesth.tosb.欠某人某物passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.把某物递给某人paysb.sth.=paysth.tosb.付给某人某物（钱）postsb.sth.=poststh.tosb.把某物寄给某人readsb.sth.=readsth.tosb.把某物读给某人听returnsb.sth.=returnsth.tosb.把某物还给某人第9页英语中接双宾语动词1.双宾语易位时需借助介词to惯用动词showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.拿某物给某人看takesb.sth.=takesth.tosb.把某物拿给某人teachsb.sth.=teachsth.tosb.教某人某物tellsb.sth.=tellsth.tosb.告诉某人某情况throwsb.sth.=throwsth.tosb.把某物扔给某人writesb.sth.=writesth.tosb.给某人写信sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.把某物送给某人sellsb.sth.=sellsth.tosb.把某物卖给某人servesb.sth.=servesth.tosb.拿某物招待某人第10页2.双宾语易位时需借助介词for惯用动词booksb.sth.=booksth.forsb.为某人预定某物buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.为某人买某物choosesb.sth.=choosesth.forsb.为某人选某物cooksb.sth.=cooksth.forsb.为某人煮某物drawsb.sth.=drawsth.forsb.为某人画某物fetchsb.sth.=fetchsth.forsb.为某人去取某物findsb.sth.=findsth.forsb.为某人找到某物fixsb.sth.=fixsth.forsb.为某人准备某物getsb.sth.=getsth.forsb.为某人拿来某物makesb.sth.=makesth.forsb.为某人做某物第11页2.双宾语易位时需借助介词for惯用动词ordersb.sth.=ordersth.forsb.为某人订购某物picksb.sth.=picksth.forsb.为某人采摘某物preparesb.sth.=preparesth.forsb.为某人准备某物savesb.sth.=savesth.forsb.为某人留某物singsb.sth.=singsth.forsb.为某人唱某歌sparesb.sth.=sparesth.forsb.为某人让出某物stealsb.sth.=stealsth.forsb.为某人偷某物3、有动词后接双宾语易位时，既可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义相同。如bring，play等：Bringmetodayspaper.=Bringtodayspapertoforme.第12页五.主谓宾宾补五、句型5：Subject(主语)Verb(动词)Object(宾语)Complement(补语)这种句型中“宾语补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成动作等。担任补语经常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：1）Youshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.2)Wemadehimourmonitor.3)Hisfathertoldhimnottoplayinthestreet.4）Myfatherlikestowatchtheboysplayingbasketball.5)YesterdayIhadapicturetakenwithtwoAmericans常见动词有:tell,ask,advise,help,want,wouldlike,order,force,allow等。注意：动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面所接动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：1)Thebossmadehimdotheworkallday.老板让他整天做那项工作。第13页接不定式作宾补接不定式作宾补36个惯用动词个惯用动词advisesb.todosth.提议某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事asksb.todosth.请（叫）某人做某事bearsb.todosth.忍受某人做某事begsb.todosth.请求某人做某事causesb.todosth.造成某人做某事commandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事drivesb.todosth.驱使某人做某事electsb.todosth.选举某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.勉励某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事第14页forcesb.todosth.强迫某人做某事getsb.todosth.使（要）某人做某事hatesb.todosth.讨厌某人做某事helpsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事intendsb.todosth.打算要某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事leavesb.todosth.留下某人做某事likesb.todosth.喜欢某人做某事meansb.todosth.打算要某人做某事needsb.todosth.需要某人做某事obligesb.todosth.迫使某人做某事ordersb.todosth.命令某人做某事permitsb.todosth.允许某人做某事persuadesb.todosth.说服某人做某事prefersb.todosth.宁愿某人做某事第15页requestsb.todosth.要求某人做某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事teachsb.todosth.教某人做某事tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事trainsb.todosth.训练某人做某事troublesb.todosth.麻烦某人做某事wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事warnsb.todosth.警告某人做某事wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事汉语“原谅某人做某事”，英语可说成excuseforgivesb.fordoingsth.汉语“提议某人做某事”，英语可说成advisesb.todosth.汉语“安排某人做某事”，英语可说成arrangeforsb.todosth.汉语“要求某人做某事”，英语可说成demandofsb.todosth.汉语“感激某人做某事”，英语可说成thanksb.fordoingsth.汉语“祝贺某人做某事”英语可说成congratulatesb.ondoingsth.汉语“阻止某人做某事”，英语可说成preventsb.fromdoingsth第16页接现在分词作宾补接现在分词作宾补16个惯用动词个惯用动词catchsb.doingsth.碰上（撞上）某人做某事discoversb.doingsth.发觉某人做某事findsb.doingsth.碰上（撞上）某人做某事getsb.doingsth.使某人做某事keepsb.doingsth.使某人不停地做某事havesb.doingsth.使某人做某事feelsb.doingsth.感觉某人做某事hearsb.doingsth.听见某人做某事listentosb.doingsth.听某人做某事lookatsb.doingsth.看着某人做某事noticesb.doingsth.注意到某人做某事observesb.doingsth.观察某人做某事watchsb.doingsth.看着某人做某事seesb.doingsth.看见某人做某事stopsb.doingsth.阻止某人做某事preventsb.（from）doingsth.阻止某人做某事第17页1.a.主-系-表b.主-谓-宾c.主-谓d.主-谓-间宾-直宾e.主-谓-宾-宾补1.Thepaindrovememad.2.Herexplanationsoundscrazy.3.Shethrewhimakiss.4.Timeflies.5.Thecatcaughtthelittlemouse.6.Manypeopleconsidertheastronautagreathero.7.Hehasgrownveryold.8.Mikeishealthy.9.Architectsdesignbuildings.10.Sheofferedmesomecake.第18页翻译练习1.学生要保持课室清洁。2.我发觉这本书很有趣。3.我听到我名字被人叫。hear4.老师让学生一直在阅读课文。(keep)5.我让他人修理我车。（have，get）6.他打算让他孩子成为医生。（intend）7.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车做为生日礼品。（用两种结构各翻译一句）8.请把你画给我看一下。（用两种结构各翻译一句）9.我们必须防止再犯这么错误。avoid10.你介不介意我在这吸烟？mind11.太阳天天从东方升起。12.墙上挂着一幅画13.这部小说很畅销。sell14.长大后他成为一位老师。(turn)15.那种食物已经变质了。16.我父母渐渐老了。第19页