完整英语时态和语态市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

语态语态时态时态主动主动被动被动普通现在时v./v.sam/is/are+Vp.p普经过去时vedwas/were+Vp.p普通未来时will+v.willbe+Vp.p过去未来时would+v.wouldbe+Vp.p过去完成时过去完成时had+Vp.phadbeen+Vp.p现在完成时现在完成时have/has+Vp.phave/hasbeen+Vp.p现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+Vingam/is/are+being+Vp.p过去进行时过去进行时was/were+Vingwas/were+being+Vp.p现在完成进行时现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时和未来完成时经常考到过去完成进行时和未来完成时经常考到.第1页最惯用几个时态与时间状语搭配普通现在every,sometimes,at,on Sunday 现在进行现在进行now,现在完成现在完成for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in the past years,always,recently 普经过去yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,just now 过去进行过去进行this morning,the whole morning,all day,yesterday,from nine to ten last evening when,while 过去完成过去完成before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as 普通未来next,tomorrow,in 过去未来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后动作第2页（1）普通现在时）普通现在时1.客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句（不受时态限制）句（不受时态限制）Knowledgebeginswithpractice.Shesaidthattheseawaterissalty.Insomepartsoftheworld,suchasinEngland,tea_withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.servesC.isservedD.servedThegirl_weightrecently.Yes,she_toomuch.hasgained,iseatingB.gains,eatsC.isgaining,ateD.isgaining,eats第3页2)表示现实状况、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示现实状况、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性重复出现动作，多用动作动词，且表示经常或习惯性重复出现动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率时间状语连用常与表频率时间状语连用,如如always,often,now and then等。等。Ice feels cold.We always care for each other and help each other.3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象关系或概念词惯用表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象关系或概念词惯用普通现在时：普通现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong、seem等。如：等。如：I know what you mean.Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.第4页4)少数用于表示起止动词如少数用于表示起止动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等惯用普通现在时代替未来时，表示一个等惯用普通现在时代替未来时，表示一个按要求、计划或安排要发生动作。往往是由自然按要求、计划或安排要发生动作。往往是由自然,日日历或时刻表要求而不变且周而复始循环进行情况历或时刻表要求而不变且周而复始循环进行情况,句句中常带有时间状语中常带有时间状语.The shop closes at 11:00 p.m.every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.The train leaves at three this afternoon.The plane takes off at 15:00.School begins on Friday.第5页5)在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中惯用普通在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中惯用普通现在时代替未来时现在时代替未来时,如如when,before,until,If,assoonas等。等。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.Puttheseglassesawaybeforethey_.OK.Illputtheminthecupboard.A.havebrokenB.arebreakingC.getbrokenD.willbebroken6)倒装句（由倒装句（由here，there开头句子，动词用普通开头句子，动词用普通现在时表示现在正在发生动作）现在时表示现在正在发生动作）Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.第6页普通过去时普通过去时:1)基本使用方法：表示过去事情、动作或状基本使用方法：表示过去事情、动作或状态常与表示过去详细时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗态常与表示过去详细时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表示过去习惯示）；用于表示过去习惯。1.-Look!Someone has spilt（溢出）（溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯）（地毯）-Well,it _ me.A.isnt B.wasnt C.hasnt been D.hadnt been2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter.-Oh,how good a dad!But she doesnt like sweet things._ that?A.Dont you know B.Havent you known C.Didnt you know D.Hadnt you known3.-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there?-Yes,but she _soon afterwards.A.had left B.left C.would leave D.will leave第7页He told me he _an interesting novel He told me he _an interesting novel last nightlast night.假如从句中有一个假如从句中有一个过去时间状语过去时间状语，尽管从句中动作先于，尽管从句中动作先于主句发生，但从句中谓语动词用过去式。主句发生，但从句中谓语动词用过去式。普通过去时普通过去时考点分析（考评重点）。考点分析（考评重点）。表示过去事情、动作或状态常与表示过去详细时间状语表示过去事情、动作或状态常与表示过去详细时间状语连用（连用（或有上下文语境暗示或有上下文语境暗示）；用于）；用于表示过去习惯；表示表示过去习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望事说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望事 I met her in the street yesterday.I met her in the street yesterday.He used to smoke a lot.He used to smoke a lot.I thought the film would be interesting,but it I thought the film would be interesting,but it isntisnt.readreadyesterday,lastnight,twodaysago,in,beforeliberation,atthattime第8页3)追忆逝去人或事追忆逝去人或事,惯用过去时惯用过去时.Lei Feng set a good example to the people throughout the world.Charlie Chaplin was a great actor and acted in many films.4)普通过去时有时也可表示现在行为普通过去时有时也可表示现在行为,但口气要比但口气要比用普通现在时愈加委婉用普通现在时愈加委婉,客气客气.这么词有这么词有think,wonder,hope等等.I wondered if you could do me a favour.第9页5)表示两个紧接着发生动作，常由以下词语连接，表示两个紧接着发生动作，常由以下词语连接，用普通过去时。如：用普通过去时。如：but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute。Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.6)惯用普通过去时句型：惯用普通过去时句型：Whydidntyou/Ithinkofthat?Ididntnoticeit.IforgottotellyouIhadbeentherewithmybrotherbefore.Ididntrecognizehim.第10页3.普通未来时普通未来时1)表示未来动作或状态惯用表示未来动作或状态惯用will/shall+动词（常与动词（常与表示未来时间状语边用如表示未来时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）等）。2)表示一个趋向或习惯动作。表示一个趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.3)表示未来时四种形式表示未来时四种形式will/shall+动词原形动词原形be going to do be about to do(正要干什么正要干什么)be to do 第11页 be going to be going to 有很强计划性，打算干什么，而有很强计划性，打算干什么，而willwill表示谈话表示谈话时暂时决定意图，含有暂时性和偶然性时暂时决定意图，含有暂时性和偶然性*be going to 表未来，不能用在条件状语从句主句中；而表未来，不能用在条件状语从句主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：则能，表意愿。如：If it is fine,well go fishing.(正确正确)If it is fine,we are going to go fishing.(错误错误)-The telephone is ringing.-The telephone is ringing.-I _ answer it.-I _ answer it.A.will B.am going to C.am to D.am about toA.will B.am going to C.am to D.am about to -Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?-Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.A.had B.would C.was going to D.did A.had B.would C.was going to D.did be going to be going to 可用来表示某种迹象要发生事。而可用来表示某种迹象要发生事。而will will 不能表示不能表示 Look at the clouds!Its going to rain.Look at the clouds!Its going to rain.第12页3.be to3.be to和和be going to be going to 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生动作动作还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。be to do be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强计划性，有安排将要干什么，有很强计划性，有时时=be going to=be going tobe to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事.be going to be going to 表示主观打算或计划。表示主观打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.第13页4 4be about to do be about to do 表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”，表示即将发生动作，表示即将发生动作，不与表示未来时间状语连用不与表示未来时间状语连用。常与常与when when 连用，连用，when when 此时意思：此时意思：就在这时，是并列连就在这时，是并列连词词 组成句型：组成句型：be about to do when.be about to do when.I I was about to was about to leave leave when when it rained.it rained.第14页尤其注意尤其注意（1 1）普通现在时表示未来，尤其用于车、船、飞机普通现在时表示未来，尤其用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好。等时刻表中安排好。The plane leaves tomorrow.(The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有尽管有tomorrow,tomorrow,但没有但没有will will,be going to),be going to)（2 2）一些瞬间动词一些瞬间动词“go,come,arrive,leave,start,“go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin,fly,take”begin,fly,take”等用现在进行时表示将要发生动作。等用现在进行时表示将要发生动作。Ive won a holiday for two to Florida.I _my mum.Ive won a holiday for two to Florida.I _my mum.A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will have been A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will have been 第15页表示在最近按计划或安排要进行动作表示在最近按计划或安排要进行动作,仅限于少许动词：仅限于少许动词：return,stay,do,have,see sb off return,stay,do,have,see sb off Are you stayingAre you staying here till next week?here till next week?工作进行怎么样？工作进行怎么样？工作进行相当顺利。工作进行相当顺利。你进步很快。你进步很快。我们想在这里建一座我们想在这里建一座水坝。水坝。风挺大风挺大有些人找你接电话。有些人找你接电话。How are you getting on with your How are you getting on with your work?work?The work is going fairly smoothly.The work is going fairly smoothly.Youre making rapid progress.Youre making rapid progress.Were thinking of building a dam Were thinking of building a dam here.here.Its blowing hard.Its blowing hard.Someone is asking for you on the Someone is asking for you on the phone.phone.第16页现在进行时现在进行时:1 1表示说话时正在进行而还未完成动作或状态。表示说话时正在进行而还未完成动作或状态。2 2表示现阶段一直在进行动作表示现阶段一直在进行动作,但说话时不一定正在进但说话时不一定正在进表近期特定安排或计划；表近期特定安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用进等起止动作可用进行时代替未来时行时代替未来时I dont really work here.Im helping until the new I dont really work here.Im helping until the new secretary comes.secretary comes.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly.because technology_ so rapidly.A.will have changed B.has changed A.will have changed B.has changed C.is changing D.will change C.is changing D.will change-Ann works very hard.-In fact.I think she -Ann works very hard.-In fact.I think she _ just(_ just(只是只是)now.)now.A.A.studied B.is studying C.studies D.will study studied B.is studying C.studies D.will study 第17页My money _.I must go to the bank to My money _.I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out of before Ive draw some of my savings out of before Ive none in hand.none in hand.A.has run out B.is running out A.has run out B.is running out C.has been run outD.is being run out C.has been run outD.is being run out I can guess you were in a hurry.You _ I can guess you were in a hurry.You _ your sweater inside out.your sweater inside out.A.had worn B.wore A.had worn B.wore C.are wearing D.were wearing C.are wearing D.were wearing第18页1.You _things about.Look,what a mess in you 1.You _things about.Look,what a mess in you room!room!A.always throw B.have always thrown A.always throw B.have always thrown C.are always throwing D.have always been thrownC.are always throwing D.have always been thrown2.You _ television.Why not do2.You _ television.Why not dosomething more active?something more active?A.always watch B.are always watching A.always watch B.are always watching C.have always watched D.have always been C.have always watched D.have always been watchingwatching现在进行时与现在进行时与always,continually,constantly,never always,continually,constantly,never 等连用，表示等连用，表示不满厌恶或赞扬感情色彩不满厌恶或赞扬感情色彩。第19页 过去进行时过去进行时1 1表示表示 过去某一时间正进行动作过去某一时间正进行动作 。通常有时间状语（从。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。句），或由上下文表示。1.-Hey,look where you are going?1.-Hey,look where you are going?-Oh,Im terribly sorry._.-Oh,Im terribly sorry._.A.Im not noticing B.I dont noticing A.Im not noticing B.I dont noticing C.I havent noticing D.I wasnt noticing C.I havent noticing D.I wasnt noticing 2.-Hey,what did I say?2.-Hey,what did I say?-I _.-I _.A.Im not listening B.I was not listening A.Im not listening B.I was not listening C.I dont listened D.I didnt listen C.I dont listened D.I didnt listeneg.This time yesterday,they eg.This time yesterday,they were havingwere having lunch lunch第20页2 2 表示表示 过去某一阶段一直在进行动作，但这个动作能够完，过去某一阶段一直在进行动作，但这个动作能够完，也能够不一定完成。也能够不一定完成。-Why didnt you join us last night?-Why didnt you join us last night?-I _ the live programs on the war between Iraq and the -I _ the live programs on the war between Iraq and the States.States.A.watched B.was watching C.had watched D.have been A.watched B.was watching C.had watched D.have been watchingwatching-Why werent you at the meeting?-Why werent you at the meeting?-I _ for a long distance call from my father in Australia.-I _ for a long distance call from my father in Australia.A.waited B.was waiting C.had waited D.have been A.waited B.was waiting C.had waited D.have been Good heavens!There you are!We _ anxious about you.We Good heavens!There you are!We _ anxious about you.We _ you back much earlier all through the night._ you back much earlier all through the night.A.are,expect B.were,had expected A.are,expect B.were,had expected C.will be,are expecting D.have been,were expectingC.will be,are expecting D.have been,were expecting-You look tired.-You look tired.-Yes.I _ until twelve oclock.-Yes.I _ until twelve oclock.A.am working B.was working C.has worked D.had workedA.am working B.was working C.has worked D.had worked第21页3 3 在简单句中有在简单句中有at that time,then,this time at that time,then,this time yesterday/last week,at 10 oclock last yesterday/last week,at 10 oclock last nightnight 等详细时间状语用过去进行时态。等详细时间状语用过去进行时态。I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a radio shop at the time.radio shop at the time.A.A.has worked B.was working has worked B.was working C.had been working D.had workedC.had been working D.had worked尤其注意：尤其注意：与与alwaysalways连用，表示感情色彩。连用，表示感情色彩。My brother was always losing his key.My brother was always losing his key.第22页1.Look!How wonderful my car is!Oh,Jack.What are youthinkingabout?Dontyoulikeit?ImsorryI_anyremarkaboutitintime.Icertainlythinkitssmart.A.wasntmakingB.dontmakeC.wontmakeD.didntmake2.TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity_sorapidlyalltheseyears.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange3.He_quitewell,buthehasnthadtimetoswimsincethissummer.A.willswimB.haveswumC.swamD.swims4.Jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup,buthe_bynow.A.hasntturnedupB.doesntturnupC.wontturnupD.hadntturnedup第23页5.Imterriblysorryforbeinglate,butI_thewrongbus.A.catchB.hadcaughtC.caughtD.catching7.Thetruth,sir,isthattheoldman_acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim.A.wastowalkB.hadbeenwalkingC.walkedD.waswalking8.IreallydontthinkRosewillbeupset,butIwillgoandseeherincaseshe_.A.isB.doesC.willbeD.hasbeen9.Thecomputersmadebyourcompanysellbest,butseveralyearsagonoonecouldhaveimaginedtheroleinthemarketsthatthey_.A.wereplayingB.weretoplayC.hadplayedD.played第24页10.Kateisinhospital.Oh,really?I_._visither.A.didntknow;IllgoandB.dontknow;IllgoandC.dontknow;ImgoingtoD.didntknow;Imgoingto11.Where_theguidebook?Icantseeitanywhere.I_itrighthere,butnowitsgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.hadyouput;haveputC.haveyouput;putD.wereyouputting;put14.Doyouliveinthiscity?No,we_itforholidays.A.justvisitB.justvisitedC.arejustvisitingD.havevisited15.Howistheoldmannow?Sorry,he_thoughtheydidalltheycouldtosavehim.A.wasdeadB.haddiedC.hasbeendeadD.died第25页16.Thelakewillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures_.A.willbetakenB.aretakenC.weretakenD.hadbeentaken17.Imafraiditwillbetwomonths_.A.whenIcomebackB.whenIllcomebackC.beforeIcomebackD.beforeIllcomeback18.The workers _ busily when the boss came to look forsomethinghe_intheoffice.A.hadworked,hadleftB.wereworking;hadleftC.working;hadleftD.hadworked;left19.Thenotice_“Nosmoking”.A.istoldB.readsC.tellsD.isread第26页（4）现在完成时）现在完成时现在完成时除能够和现在完成时除能够和for、since引导状语连用外，还能引导状语连用外，还能够和下面介词短语连用：够和下面介词短语连用：during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(months,weeks)、inrecentyears等。等。以下句型中惯用现在完成时以下句型中惯用现在完成时Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间一段时间+since从句从句This(That/It)isthefirst(second)timethat+完成时完成时This(That/It)istheonly+that+完成时完成时This(that/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting+that从句从句+完成时完成时在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时能够代替普通未在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时能够代替普通未来时。如：来时。如：IshallposttheletterassoonasIhavewrittenit.Ifyouhavedonetheexperiment,youwillrealizethetheorybetter.Dontgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.第27页（5）过去完成时）过去完成时惯用过去完成时几个情况：惯用过去完成时几个情况：1.在在by、bytheend、bythetime、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间短语或从句以前发生动作。后接表示过去某一时间短语或从句以前发生动作。如：如：Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.2)表示未曾实现希望、打算、意图、诺言等。惯用表示未曾实现希望、打算、意图、诺言等。惯用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped/planned+tohavedone。Ihadhopedtoseeheragain.我本希望再见她一面我本希望再见她一面.(但没但没能如愿能如愿)3）“时间名词时间名词+before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；过去完成时；“时间名词时间名词+ago”在句中作状语，谓语动在句中作状语，谓语动词用普通过去式。词用普通过去式。如：如：Hesaidhisfirstteacherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.第28页4）表示）表示“一一就就”几个句型：几个句型：Hardly/Nosooner/Scarcelyhad+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+when/than/before+普通过去时。普通过去时。如：如：Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.=Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.在在before或或after引导时间状语从句中用普通过去引导时间状语从句中用普通过去时态代替过去完成时。时态代替过去完成时。Afterhe(had)lefttheroom,thebosscamein.Wearrivedhomebeforeitsnowed.第29页1.Theoldman_twodaysafterhehadbeensenttohospital.A.diedB.woulddieC.haddiedD.hasdied2.OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon_tohisoldways.A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturnin